17.07.2015 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN Biodiversity and Environmental protection in highway planning and design Prof

26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN

Biodiversity and Environmental protection in highway planning and design

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alemayehu Gebissa

• Rostock University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Germany

• Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany• Phone: 0049-381-4983703, Fax: 0049- 381-4983702• E-Mail: [email protected]

Contents of the presentation Protection of the so calld protection goods, § 2 para 1 sentence 2 of the

EIA Act Wildlife protection Amphibian protection Noise protection

26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 2

1. Protection of the so calld protection goods• well into the landscape• a conflicts between the desire of humans for mobility and

the interests of the environment. • the landscape-fair road planning must remain the goal of

engineer. • there is a need of participation ecology and landscape

planning.• The legal basis for the consideration the European Union to

27.06.1985 and taken over by Germany 12.02.1990. • to be comprehensively determined, to be described,

evaluated for the decisions over the validity of the project. • an environmental compatibility test (UVP) is to be

accomplished.



Fig. 1: Environmental compatibility test, W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000

1. Protection of the so calld protection goods• the indirect and direct effects of the project on the protection

goods described and evaluated: • Humans, animals and plants - soil, water, air, climate, landscape

- culture and other special goods • in an appropriate way. • The load effects (disadvantages) and the discharge effects of the

project• Discharge effects are avoidance -, decrease -, balance and

spare measures • Environmental compatibility studies includes (fig.2):• sensitivity investigation• Comparison of possible planning alternatives• Comparison of the route variant• white surface mapping (fig. 3)


1. Protection of the so calld protection goods


Fig. 2: white surface mapping , W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000


Fig.3: Comparison of the route variant, W. Pietzsch, etl. 2000

2. Wildlife protection Roads-related effect on the habitats of animals are: Insurmountable barriers for animals Prevent the crossing Loss of animals Traffic accident, Loss of property and life Fragmentation of the landscape and wildlife Expulsion of animals Protection measures are: Creation of a bypass, fencing, underpasses ,wild or green bridges

which enable wildlife the crossing of highway Guide facilities which lead animals at a particular location and facilitate

the crossing


http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke#mediaviewer/File:Gruenbruecke_A14_Schwerin.jpg


Fig. 4: Wildbrücke über die A 14 bei Schwerin

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesautobahn_14

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwerin

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke#mediaviewer/File:Cerviduct.jpg26.04.23 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 10

Fig. 5: Eine Grünbrücke über die A50 bei Woeste Hoeve in den Niederlanden

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijksweg_50

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woeste_Hoeve&action=edit&redlink=1

26.04.23 11© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT

Fig. 6: Wild protection

Wildwarner Wild protection fences Driving behavior

Quelle: www.pz-news.de Quelle: www.naehr.at

+ Costs, year round- Protective effect unclear

+ Costs, year round- durability

Quelle: www.autonachrichten.de

+ protective effect- often ignored

3. Amphibian protection


Fig. 7: Signs of amphibian migration, MAmS, 2000

3. Amphibian protection Amphibians fulfill important functions in the ecosystem. Almost all species are equally dependent on land and water

habitats. For the reproduction and development of aquatic habitats and For feeding and overwintering the land habitats. There will be migrations between habitats, which are particularly

intense during the main spawning season in early spring Amphibians react quickly to changes in habitat and thus may be

important indicator species (bio-indicators).


Fig. 8: Typsche Lebensräume der heimischen Amphibienarten, MAmS,2000


Fire Salamander, Alpensalamandar, triton, newt, Fadanmolch, alpine newt, yellow-bellied, red-bellied toad, midwife toad, common toad, toad, toads, leaves Rosch, pond frog, Pool Frog, Marsh Frog, Frog, Moor Frog, Agile Frog

Fig. 9: Schematic diagram for vegetation poor waters, MAmS, 2000


Fig. 10: Schematic diagram for vegetation rich waters, MAmS, 2000


Fig. 11: Alignement of guide facility, MAms, 2000


3. Amphibian protection Amphibians have declined in their inventory. Human intervention in nature and landscape, z. B. by draining

of wetlands, but also the road, are the cause of this development.

Negative effects on the biological balance is the result. Their absence or presence in habitats provides information on

faults or the state of the landscape.


3. Amphibian protection The hazards are many: Roads lead to the destruction, segregation or degradation of

habitats. Road transport is responsible for significant losses of the migrating

amphibians. Measures for the protection of amphibians are therefore necessary The prevention of adverse effects has priority , since the restoration

of habitats has narrow limits. Crossing aids in the form of passageway systems are typical

measures to avoid or minimize the adverse effects on amphibians.


https://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/themen/umwelt/naturschutz/downloads/Foerderungen_Naturschutz/FHB_Tirol_Auflage3.pdf


Fig. 12: Passage


Fig. 13: Amphibian protection

Permanent protection Guid fances road closures

Quelle: www.marburg-op.de

Quelle: www.amphibienschutz.de

+ all year- high construction costs

+ Protection, detection- high personnel expenses

Quelle: www.amphibienschutz.de

+ Protective effect, effort- detours

Fig. 14: guiding shield, MamS, 2000


3. Amphibian protection To determine the corridors between habitats, temporary fences

with fishing vessels should have to be used Prevention measures such as amphibians passages with their

guidance systems are also going to be used During the walking period, the animals are to be collected in

suitable containers and implement regular In the autumn migration of amphibians takes place to the winter

quarters The space-time bound migratory behavior varies depending on

the type


Fig. 15: Catching crosses, MAmS, 2000


Fig. 16: Barrier fences with catching vessels, MAmS, 2000


3. 1 Amphibian protection systems on roads Protection systems are permanent facilities that prevent animals from

entering the roadway or to enable them to safely cross the street. Before permanent protection systems are set up, preparatory studies

are required to determine position, and dimensions of the passages and guidance to passages

Blocking devices have the task of keeping amphibians from the street. Guide facility in connection with amphibians fair passages serve to re-

crosslinking of amphibians part habitats. For safety, it must extend for at least 50 m laterally across the width of

the corridor.Their ends are U-shaped form, making it difficult to hike around


3. 1 Amphibian protection systems on roads Closer spacing of the passages (30 m) The height of the barrier is at least 40 cm whilst jumping frogs at least 60

cm. Climbing protection on the upper edge of the blocking and guiding devices

is indispensable. The guide can be provided with a minimum of 20 cm wide obstacle free

tread without height offset and vegetation In the passage guiding shield is needed to prevent the passing of

amphibians A large opening is desirable also in view of its suitability for other animals

and easier maintenance. Preferably, box culverts are to be used


Fig. 17: Blocking and guiding devices, MAmS, 200


Fig. 18: Blocking and guiding devices, MAmS, 2000


Fig. 19: Guiding shield, MamS, 2000


4. Noise protection on roads The road as building itself makes no noise, but the vehicles

moving along it. through appropriate planning, the road can make a significant

contribution to preventing the traffic noise. The place of the outgoing noise is called emission, and the

place of acting with noise called immission The human ear is able to perceive an extremely wide spectrum

of different sound intensities. I0 = 10-12 W / m2 (hearing threshold) to I = 10 W / m2 (pain threshold).


4. Noise protection on roads The sound intensity is not suitable as unitspan because of the

Exponential. For this reason, we used the auditory threshold I0 as a reference unit

forms the respective ratio I / I0 and only the logarithm of this ratio as a sound level (L).

Sound level L is actually dimensionless. However, it is stated in noise prediction in B (Bel). In order to arrive at a

finer scale, such as between 0 and 100, multiply the specified index number in B by a factor of 10 and receives the sound level L in dB.


4. Noise protection on roads

Thus:

with L = sound level in dB (A)I = current sound intensity in W / m2I0 = sound intensity of hearing threshold = 10-12 W / m2

0

log*10IIL

4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure 16. BlmSchV- from 12.06.1990 - Ordinance shall apply The maximum permissible noise exposure for the construction

or substantial modification of roads and railways Only when a new building or a significant change has occurred

and thereby the IGW exceeded, noise prevention measures are imperative.

The situation is different when it is on an existing road traffic noise very much by the general increase in traffic.

In this case any remedial actions in the field of noise abatement is needed


4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure However, for noise abatement in contrast to noise prevention no

obligation on the road responsible authorities. As evaluation framework, the current traffic load is used for

noise reduction measures For noise prevention the traffic forecasting over a period of 15 to

20 years is used. The maximum permissible noise exposure (IGW) are set

differently depending on the use (s. Fig. 20)



Area category

Noise prevention (after 16.BImSchV)

Day Night

Noise abatement (after VLärmSchR 97)

Day Night

Tag (6-22

Udayhr)

Nach22-6 Uhr)

Tag (6-22 Uhr)

Nacht (22-6 Uhr)

Hospitals, schools, convalescent homes and homes for the elderly 57 47 67 57

pure, general residential and small housing estates 59 49 67 57

Core areas, village and mixed 64 54 69 59

commercial areas 69 69 72 65

Tab. 1: The maximum permissible noise exposure

Lmt = distance 25m, car 100km / h, truck 80 km / h, then depending on DAT and truck percentage, mastic asphalt

Dv = correction for speeds DStrO = correction for road surface DSTG = correction for slope Ds = Sound level changes by distances Dbm = correction by soil damping Db = Sound level change through structural measures K = Supplement for intersections, parking


4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure During the planning process of the road noise prevention is to be

considered as an integral part of the various planning stages. This can be done by planning, construction and / or traffic law

measures. Rout selection on the low-conflict corridors Enough distance to legitimate areas Arrangement of the main arteries in industrial and commercial used

areas If it can not be achieved by the above-mentioned measures and

maximum permissible noise exposure is exceeded, structural protection systems should be built on the street (active noise control at the emission).


4. 1 The maximum permissible noise exposure Active noise control include: Noise protection embankment Noise protection walls The road between the absorbent retaining walls Tunnel Trees and Shrubs (lose leaves in winter) Noise-reducing pavement (whisper, drain, porous asphalt) Speed limits (from 80 to 60 km / h or from 50 to 30 km / h cause only

about 2 dB (A)) If along the road no active noise control can be constructed,

improving the sound at the immission itself (passive noise protection).



Fig. 20: Active noise prevention measures

Nois protection wall Wearing course -3dB Traffic planning

Quelle: www.forster.at Quelle: www.strassen-nrw.de

+ Protective effect- Optics, alternative measures

+ Protective effect- Durability

Quelle: www.führerschein24.net

+ high protective effect- not general solution

Thank you for your attention!


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17.07.2015 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN Biodiversity and Environmental protection in highway planning and design Prof