Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation
Jeremy Nelson, Principal Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates Pro Walk / Pro Bike / Pro Place Conference Long Beach | 9/11/2012
Image source: Jan Gehl
Image source Jan Gehl
Image source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report, 2011
Image source: www.vtpi.org/future.pdf
Image source: US Bureau of Strategic Economics
Source: Center for Disease Control, 2010
Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
General Plan Update
January 22, 2010 Costs of Pedestrian-Vehicle Collisions (San Francisco, 2004-2008)
Image source: San Francisco Injury Center, 2008
Collision Year Total Cost (2008 Dollars) 2008 Popula7on Cost Per Capita
2004 $11,257,143 840,462 $13.39 2005 $13,480,653 840,462 $16.04 2006 $16,574,113 840,462 $19.72 2007 $17,673,297 840,462 $21.03 2008 $15,358,023 840,462 $18.27
Total Cost for 5 years $74,343,229 840,462 $88.46
Total Cost Adjusted for Infla7on
(2008 dollars) $171,000,000
Source: Flickr User SFBike
Source: Flickr User Theodore Scott
Source: Portland Bicycle Plan for 2030
General Plan Update
January 22, 2010
Image source: Peter Jacobsen
0
5
10
15
20
0% 5% 10% 15%Journey to Work Share
Rel
ativ
e R
isk
Inde
x
WalkingBicycling
General Plan Update
January 22, 2010
Image Source: RFF Press
January 22, 2010
For more information…
Jeremy Nelson 116 New Montgomery, Suite 500 San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 284-1544 [email protected]
Health and transporta>on go together
Jean S. Fraser, Chief San Mateo County Health System Pro Walk/Pro Bike: Pro Place 2012
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1985
No Data <10% 10%–14%
*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 2009
<10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
Health needs Planning and vice versa
“The public health approach to elimina2ng health dispari2es”; Satcher, D.2008.
60% of what constitutes
health is about environments
What can Health bring to the Planning table?
Posi7ve framing Data about effects on people New advocates
Where do you find allies in your Health Department?
Injury Preven7on Epidemiology Chronic Disease Preven7on Policy and Planning Wellness Health Equity
Louisville, KY: Department of Public Health and Wellness
Center for Health Equity
Ø Community engagement Ø Investment in place
Chronic Disease Preven>on: Healthy HomeTown Ini>a>ve
Ø Community grants for home town preven>on work
Ø Health staff dedicated to this work
Somerville, MA: City Health Department
Shape Up Somerville Ø Community Transforma>on Grant
Recipient Ø Somerville Cares about Preven>on
Program; Preven>on Director and Staff Ø SomerStreets
We are happy to help you Ac>ve transporta>on work for San Mateo County is taking place as Get Healthy San Mateo County We have developed and collected many resources that you can find at
www.gethealthysmc.org
stay up to date facebook.com/GetHealthySMC
Image source: Jan Gehl
Image source Jan Gehl
220 Sansome Street, Suite 1100, San Francisco, CA 94104 P: 415.445.3045 F: 415.445.3055 E: [email protected]
Sally Swanson Architects, Inc. (SSA)
New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation
A New Generation of
Sidewalk Profilers & GIS-based Planning Tools to Implement Infrastructure Improvements
Challenge: Walkability › Driveability
• Growing emphasis on walkability o New Urbanism o Healthy Communities o Livable Communities o Complete Streets
• Requires vigilance on maintaining and upgrading our pedestrian infrastructure
Sidewalks can be hazardous to your health
• AARP’s liveability surveys lists
ratings for sidewalk maintenance,
curb cuts and sidewalk
obstructions
Aging population: 1 in 5 age 65 & over by 2025
o Leading cause of death for 65 and over are falls
o Proactive vs. Reactive
o Paratransit services at capacity
Traditional Devices for Testing Sidewalk Surfaces
▲ Straight Edge ▲
Level Measurement Devices
• Using a Smart level or inclinometer is a laborious process
• The Ninth Circuit ruled that sidewalks are a program under the ADA
• Sampling and Extrapolating • Addressing trip hazards through a
maintenance program
Solution: Sidewalk Surface Profiling Devices Walking Profiler
• Ride Quality (Longitudinal Level) ◦ International Roughness Index ◦ Profile Ride Index ◦ Localized Roughness (bumps/
dips) • Grade ◦ Running grade ◦ Maximum grade change
(subject to ability to traverse surface)
• Cross-Slope
Sidewalk Attributes Measured
• 100% Sampling • Surface Profiling System collects Surface Data – slopes, level changes, gaps, etc. • Minimal Input by Operator
Federal Highway Administration. Bellevue ADA Transition Plan implemented by Transportation Dept.
Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards
Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards(short video clip)
Sidewalk Inventory of ADA Barriers using Surface Profiling Technology
Managing Your Inventory Data
Vs.
GIS-based Prioritization Tools Prioritizing Barriers to Fit Your Budget • Severity levels of barriers • Demographics • Location • Frequency of use
ADA VIEWER- Activity Score
• GIS: The raw GIS data allows for in-depth organization and querying of the data. This is done with software such as Esri’s ArcGIS Software (Technical).
Browser-based GIS-viewer GIS data and GIS-viewer
• GIS-Viewer: allows access to simplified version of data in an accessible and easy to use format (Non-technical).
Browser-based GIS-viewer
ADA VIEWER- Curb Ramp & Pedestrian Signals
Reduce Trip and Fall Hazards Proactive with Detailed Data
• Identify high severity barriers
• Reducing the potential for falls and accidents.
• Easily Update or check-off items when corrected
ADA VIEWER- Mid-blocks & Street view integration
Documentation
• Demonstrate good faith effort (reduces legal exposure)
• Address deficiencies in planning stage and not mid-project
• Documentation of ‘improvements’ for litigation
Case Study: City of Clovis, CA
Scope: 638 linear miles of sidewalk
Area: 23 sq. miles Population: approx. 95,000 Status: 2010-2012
• The City of Clovis, under a consent decree, was required to prepare a revised ADA Transition Plan to include its pedestrian facilities within public rights-of-way.
• The City evaluated its baseline condition for sidewalks and curb ramps. Using a profiler allowed the City to fast-track their project.
Solutions and Benefits: Court-mandated Timeline
Case Study: City of San Marcos, CA
Scope: 210 linear miles of sidewalk Area: 24.3 sq. miles Population: approx. 85,000 Status: Completed 2012
• After evaluating several technologies, City chose a sidewalk profiling system sponsored by FHWA to develop a comprehensive inventory of sidewalks, curb ramps and other pedestrian infrastructure.
• Survey data was integrated into GIS for the City’s engineering department to use as a planning and scoping tool.
Solutions and Benefits: Budget Savings and Planning Tool
Case Study: County of St. Louis, MO
Scope: 810 linear miles of sidewalk Area: 524 sq. miles Population: approx. 992,000 Status: 2011-2013
• County staff were trained to perform field inventory of barriers using surface profilers and handheld data collectors
• This data is integrated into and analyzed in the County’s existing GIS to
determine an overall implementation schedule
Solutions and Benefits: Large Inventory
Cost Savings
• Scope a specific project area o Sychronize with Capital Improvement Projects
• Reduce costs for paratransit services o Identify and prioritize those sidewalks
that connect paratransit riders to fixed route services
• Generate work orders o Maintenance work orders
- Trip and fall hazards - Tree trimming
Pooling Resources
• Barrier mitigation, planning and prioritization at the Metropolitan scale
• Savings together with Cities and Counties pooling resources to inventory barriers and maintaining GIS-based Planning tools
Image source: Jan Gehl
Image source Jan Gehl
PLANNING FOR WALKING AND BIKING IN A TRANSIT-FIRST CITY:
Regional Bike Sharing
and Pedestrian Action Planning
09 | 10 | 2012 | LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
SFMTA | Municipal Transportation Agency Image: a bus in front of the Palace of the Legion of honor
57
58
SF: 13% Commute Walk & Bike Trips
San Francisco
% of Commuters
8%
4%
34%
54%
59
Image Source: Thunderhead Alliance
Changes in Mode Share in SF
Source: SFMTA US Census American Community Survey
60
61
BICYCLE – PEDESTRIAN – TRAFFIC CALMING
Livable Streets Vision San Francisco is the North American leader in
providing safe, attractive streets and sidewalks; a place where everyone chooses to walk and bike for most non-transit travel.
Livable Streets Mission
Create safe and inviting streets and sidewalks for all who walk and use a bicycle.
SFMTA LIVABLE STREETS
62
63
64
Project Lead: Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD)
Partner Agencies: • SFMTA • VTA • CalTrain • City of Redwood City • County of San Mateo
65
Regional Bicycle Sharing
Pilot
• 1,000 bicycles • 100 stations:
– San Francisco (50) – Redwood City (10) – South Bay (40)
• Palo Alto • Mountain View • San Jose
– 2013 Launch
66
Planning for Stations: Service Area
• 1.78 sq mi. • Dense • Mixed Use • Transit Rich • Flat • Bikeable
67
1. Retail Job Density 2. Population Density 3. Employment Density 4. Zoning 5. Slope 6. Pedestrian Commuters
per Square Mile
7. Bicycle Commuters/ Square Mile
8. Bicycle Infrastructure 9. Transit 10. Tourist Sites 11. Per Capita Income
Raster-based GIS overlay using 11 factors:
San Francisco Suitability Analysis
68
Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability
69
Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability
70
Transit Suitability Factor: Transit
71
Suitability Factor: Employment
72
Slope Suitability Factor: Slope
73
Guiding Principle:
Key to Success = Station Density
“The number one indicator of success is density of stations. You don't want to have stations more than a couple blocks away from each other. In the off-chance, hopefully, that someone encounters a completely full or empty station, they don't have to walk far to a station that does have capacity or bicycles.” Alison Cohen, President, Alta Bike Share
74
Station Spacing
• Paris Benchmark: 300 meter grid • 1 station every 2-3.5 blocks • 28 stations per sq. mile • 50 stations
• 50 ÷ 28 = 1.75 sq. mile service area
75
Locations Under Consideration (61)
76
2010 Mayoral Pedestrian Safety Directive • Interagency Ped Safety Taskforce targeting:
– By 2016: 25% reduction in serious/fatal ped injuries
– By 2021: 50% reduction – Reduce geographic safety inequities – Increase walking
• Near Term Actions • Pedestrian Action Plan
77 77
78
Injury Collisions Involving Pedestrians 1999-2011
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pede
stria
n Co
llisio
ns
Year
Source: CHP, Statewide Traffic Records System (SWITRS) and San Francisco Police Department
(prelim.)
79
Serious/Fatal Injury Reduction Targets
Source: CHP, SWITRS
80
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST
81
PEDESRTRIAN ACTIVITY
82
WALKING STREETS & AREAS
83
HIGH PEDESTRIAN INJURY
84
HIG PRIORITY SEGMENTS
85
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST
86
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST`
Image source: Jan Gehl
Image source Jan Gehl
Key Funding Sources for Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
• Public: Federal, State, Regional, Local • Private: Non-profit organizations, property and
business owners and private developers
Key Federal Source US Dept. of Transportation
• National Highway System- bicycle and pedestrian walkways adjacent to highways
• Surface Transportation Program TEAs – 10% set-aside for Transportation Enhancement Activities
(TEAs) – 10% set-aside for Hazard Elimination
and Railway-Highway Crossing programs
90
Federal Funding For Pedestrian and Bicycle Programs in California
Year Annual Funding
2007 $53.8 million 2008 $64.5 million 2009 $137.3 million 2010 $72.6 million 2011 $45.0 million
91
Source: FHWA Fiscal Management Information System
Key State Sources • TDA Local Transportation Fund • Bicycle Transportation Account • California Safe Routes to School • Prop 84 Statewide Park and Urban Greening • California Disabled Rights Settlement
($1 billion over 30 years)
Regional and Local Government • Taxes: Property Tax Increment, Sales, Hotel
• Revenues: Bridge tolls, Parking meter revenues • Impact Fees: Transportation/Transit,
Parks/Open Space • Tax exempt financing vehicles: GO Bonds,
Assessment Districts (BIDs, PBIDs), Mello Roos Community Facilities Districts (CFDs), Infrastructure Financing Districts
Transbay Transit Center, San Francisco
94
• Intermodal Transit Center is • 5.4 acre urban park on roof • Centerpiece of new
downtown neighborhood • Extensive pedestrian and
bicycle improvements to create walkable, bikable and transit friendly neighborhood
Transit Center Rooftop Park
95
Key Transbay Funding Sources for Transit and Neighborhood Improvements
• Federal: Transit grant and loan funding (TIFIA), rental operating funds, tax exempt bond debt
• State: Former highway land, State voter- approved bonds, tax exempt bond debt
• Local/Regional: Agency land, sales tax, bridge tolls, property tax increment, impact, Mello-Roos CFD
• Private: Developer contributions to streetscape improvements, payment of CFD special taxes, foundation grants
San Francisco Major TOD/Sustainable Projects Treasure Island
97
Local Government Catalysts • Street, bicycle and pedestrian master plans • Local land use plans • Special programs
– Sunday Streets – Safe Streets – Livable Streets
• Expedited processing with development requirements
• Repurpose surplus land
Better Streets Plan
“A Better Street attends to the needs of people first, considering pedestrians, bicyclists, transit, street trees, stormwater management, utilities, and livability as well as vehicular circulation and parking.”
North Beach Parklet at Tony Gemignani’s Pizza Napoletana
100
Tony commissioned Rebar Group to design this parklet fabricated from galvanized steel clad with bamboo decking.
Photos from www.rebargroup.com
Mint Plaza, San Francisco • Mint Plaza converted a
former City street, Jesse Street, to a 24/7 public plaza
• Street and sidewalks replaced with a new pedestrian surface
Key Features • Arbor with climbing vines,
trees and several rain gardens • Runoff feeds two rain gardens • Restaurants and cafes ring the
plaza
Mint Plaza
Martin Building Company donated the finished Plaza improvements to San Francisco. The City conditioned its acceptance with requirement that Friends of Mint Plaza (FoMP), a non-profit organization, assume full responsibility for the costs of all future maintenance and repair of the Plaza area.
Proposed Broadening of SF’s Transit Impact Fees
• Current Transit Impact Development Fee (TIDF) – Fees range from about $9 to $12 per SF of
new non-residential development – Funds support new transit facilities and operations
• Proposed Transportation Sustainability Program – Would include residential development – Focused on improved transit service and access,
including funds for pedestrian and bike improvements
103
` ̀
104
RESOURCES
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
Albert Einstein
105
Image source: Jan Gehl
Image source Jan Gehl
