16 Emergency Management Slide 2 2 Routine Preparedness for
Dental Team Members Rehearse medical emergencies Establish roles
for each employee Check emergency kit and equipment Post emergency
contact numbers Post directions to office Slide 3 3 General
Protocol for Emergencies Stop procedure Reposition patient Activate
emergency medical service (EMS) Assess and monitor airway and
breathing Take vital signs Assess circulation Administer oxygen
Slide 4 4 The Dental Assistants Role in an Emergency Observation of
patient Report concerns to dentist Review medical history Know
emergency plan Slide 5 5 Contents of Emergency Kit Blood pressure
kit Oxygen kit Sterile syringes Tracheotomy needle Slide 6 6
Contents of Emergency Kit Latex gloves and mask Pocket mask Cold
compress Blanket Slide 7 7 Contents of Emergency Kit Paper bag Used
to treat hyperventilation Stress induced Cupped hands may be used
Increases carbon dioxide in blood Slide 8 8 Drugs in Emergency Kit
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Used for acute allergic reactions such as
anaphylactic shock Uses preloaded syringe Epi-pen Classified as a
vasoconstrictor Serves as a cardiac stimulant Relaxes bronchioles
Slide 9 9 Drugs in Emergency Kit Bronchodilator Albuterol (inhaler)
Improves air flow Does not stimulate cardiovascular system Slide 10
10 Drugs in Emergency Kit Bronchodilator Patient exhales Breathes
in while dispensing drug Repeat Within 15 minutes Breathing
improves If no improvement Call 9-1-1, give oxygen Slide 11 11
Drugs in Emergency Kit Antihistamine Used for allergic reactions
Edema, erythema, urticaria, angioedema Counteracts effect of
histamine Benadryl commonly used Slide 12 12 Drugs in Emergency Kit
Antihistamine Administered by: Liquid Injection Inhaler Slide 13 13
Drugs in Emergency Kit Anticonvulsants Diazepam (valium) Injection
form Controls seizures Valium may be given as a premed in tablet
form to manage stress Slide 14 14 Drugs in Emergency Kit Analgesics
Demerol or Talwin Administered by injection Used to manage acute
pain or anxiety Slide 15 15 Drugs in Emergency Kit Vasopressors
Vasoxyl or Wyamine Management of hypotension Increases blood
pressure Administered by injection Slide 16 16 Drugs in Emergency
Kit Antihypoglycemic Management of hypoglycemia Tube of cake icing
Orange juice Cola syrup Sugar packets Slide 17 17 Drugs in
Emergency Kit Nitroglycerin Management of chest pain Vasodilator
Route of administration Translingual Sublingual Transdermal patch
Slide 18 18 Drugs in Emergency Kit Spirits of ammonia Ammonia
inhalants Glass tube covered with gauze Broken under patients nose
Used to treat syncope Slide 19 19 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation All
dental staff must be certified in CPR Phone first and phone fast
Certify every two years Slide 20 20 The ABCs of CPR Airway
Breathing Circulation Defibrillation Slide 21 21 Foreign Body
Airway Obstructions FBAO during treatment Dental materials fall
into throat Common problematic materials Crowns Cotton rolls Gauze
Slide 22 22 Treatment of Obstruction in the Conscious Patient Stop
treatment Sit patient upright Encourage patient to cough Perform
Heimlich maneuver if necessary Slide 23 23 Heimlich Maneuver in the
Conscious Adult Slide 24 24 Heimlich Maneuver in the Conscious
Adult Slide 25 25 Treatment of Obstruction in the Unconscious
Patient Lay patient on floor Perform finger sweep Give two rescue
breaths If airway is still obstructed Reposition patient Perform
chest thrusts Slide 26 26 Treatment of Unconscious Adult with FBAO
Slide 27 27 Common Emergencies in a Dental Office Syncope Asthma
Orthostatic Hypertension Allergic reaction Anaphylactic reaction
Slide 28 28 Common Emergencies in a Dental Office Hyperventilation
Seizures Diabetic emergencies Hypoglycemia Insulin shock
Cardiovascular emergencies Slide 29 29 Syncope Fainting Decreased
blood flow to brain Lying still for prolonged periods Stress
Emotional or physical Slide 30 30 Symptoms of Syncope Dizziness
Nausea Weakness Pale and clammy skin Shallow breathing Slide 31 31
Treatment for Syncope in the Conscious Patient Place patient in
sitting position Have patient place head between knees Slide 32 32
Treatment for Syncope in the Unconscious Patient Place patient in
Trendelenburg position Loosen clothing or jewelry Administer oxygen
Administer spirit of ammonia under nose Slide 33 33 Trendelenburg
Position Slide 34 34 Asthma Recurrent episodes of breathlessness
accompanied by wheezing Narrowing of airways due to stimulus Slide
35 35 Treatment of Asthma Administer inhaler Administer oxygen Calm
patient Call 9-1-1 if condition worsens Slide 36 36 Orthostatic
Hypertension Lose of consciousness or a level of consciousness when
sitting upright quickly Slide 37 37 Anaphylactic Reaction Severe,
life-threatening allergic reaction Body creates large amount of
histamine Tongue and throat swell Causes include: Bee stings
Penicillin Anesthetics Slide 38 38 Anaphylactic Signs and Symptoms
Loss of consciousness Skin rash Drop in blood pressure Nausea and
vomiting Shortness in breath Tongue and throat swell Slide 39 39
Treatment of Anaphylaxis Epinephrine Slide 40 40 Hyperventilation
Causes Deep and rapid breathing Loss of carbon dioxide in blood
Symptoms Faintness Numbness Slide 41 41 Hyperventilation Treatment
Sit patient upright Have him or her breathe into a paper bag Slide
42 42 Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder Unorganized charges in the brain
causing a change in consciousness May be minimal to severe Grand
mal, petit mal, partial seizures Slide 43 43 Treatment of an
Epileptic Seizure Remove dental materials from the patients mouth
Remove glasses and loosen clothing Do not restrain the patient
Slide 44 44 Postseizure Place patient in recovery position Reassure
patient Let patient recover Patient may: Be disoriented and
exhausted Not remember seizure Lose control of bladder or bowel
Slide 45 45 Type I Diabetes: Juvenile Diabetes Affects mostly ages
10 to 16 years Associated most often with additional medical
problems Usually requires daily insulin injections Comprises 10
percent of diabetes cases Most severe form of disease Slide 46 46
Type II Diabetes: Adult Onset Usually controlled with diet and/or
hypoglycemics Does not require insulin injections Seen most often
in: Obese adults Adults over age 40 Slide 47 47 Hyperglycemia: High
Blood Sugar Levels Patient has eaten but not taken insulin Too much
sugar (glucose) in blood Not enough insulin Slide 48 48 Signs of
Hyperglycemia Increased thirst; dry mouth Excessive urination
Acetone breath Blurred vision Rapid pulse Lower blood pressure Loss
of consciousness Slide 49 49 Treatment of Hyperglycemia: Diabetic
Ketoacidosis or Coma Conscious Patient administers own insulin if
available Unconscious Provide basic life support Transport to
medical facility Slide 50 50 Hypoglycemia: Low Blood Sugar Causes
Overexertion Emotional stress Missing meals Overdose of insulin
Excessive exercising Slide 51 51 Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
(Insulin Shock) Cold sweat Nervousness Trembling Weakness Hunger
Personality change Confusion Slide 52 52 Treatment of Hypoglycemia
Conscious Administer sugar source Unconscious Give injection of
glucagon Administer sugar source under tongue or buccal fold Slide
53 53 Angina Pain in chest area, neck, and jaw Five-minute duration
Increased blood pressure and pulse Pale and clammy skin
Administration of nitroglycerin Dilates coronary arteries Heart
receives oxygen Slide 54 54 Myocardial Infarction: Heart Attack
Caused by blocked or narrowed arteries Symptoms similar to angina
but not relieved with nitroglycerin One third of heart attack
victims die Heart tissue dies Slide 55 55 Treatment of Myocardial
Infarction Call 9-1-1 Position patient comfortably Administer
oxygen Administer nitroglycerin Administer 160325 mg chewable
aspirin Slide 56 56 Congestive Heart Failure Inability of heart to
pump Fluid collects around ankles and legs Heart progressively
weakens Administer diuretics Slide 57 57 Stroke/CVA Leading cause
of death and disability in the United States Sudden in onset Caused
by interruption of the blood supply to brain Administer oxygen and
call for EMS Slide 58 58 Dental Emergencies Abscessed tooth
Alveolitis Avulsed tooth Broken prosthesis Soft tissue injury
Broken tooth Loose crown
