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13 Smart Ways to ProgramYour Cisco IOS Network
BRKNMS-3114
Bruno Klauser
Is there too much manual monitoring of your network?
Have you ever needed a metric beyond a single MIB value?
Need to temporarily monitor services during critical time windows?
Are you worried about maintaining the accuracy of your already configured monitoring?
Your Cisco IOS Network provides a wealth of advanced device manageability instrumentation (DMI) and
Embedded Automation Systems (EASy) to design and implement your own Network Automations. Learn
how Network Automation allows you to automate manual tasks, better operate existing network services
and even enable new and innovative networking solutions.
This Breakout Session uncovers embedded Network Automation capabilities you can use to interact with
your network elements for the purpose of implementing network testing, verification and service
assurance in a more effective, efficient and robust way. Network Automation fundamentals as well as the
choice and use of appropriate practices are illustrated through a combination of presentation and best
practice examples.
The topic is relevant for network planners and administrators, engineers and system integrators for both
enterprises and service providers.
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Welcome Aboard
This Session IS:
• Embracing the Software-Defined Era
• Automating Custom Behavior in Your Network
• Linking Software Applications and Networks
• Using Network Programming
• Practical Examples
This Session is NOT:
• An Introduction to Programming Concepts
• An In-Depth Session on One Single Feature
• Engineering Details of IOS
• NMS applications
4
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Highly motivated individuals
Full control over every single detail
Towards: Collaborative operations of a partially autonomic system
From: Detailed control by a single central authority
An Analogy
Highly skilled and trained crew
Human brain in every control loop
Specialized distributed crew
Reasonable control within boundaries
5
“Civilization advances by extending the number of
important operations which we can perform without
thinking of them.”
Alfred North Whitehead, 1911(Mathematician and Philosopher, Author of “An Introduction to Mathematics” and “Principia Mathematica”)
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Agenda
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Your Network may not be there yet …
Cisco VNI and RIPE ATLAS1
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
What if Your Cisco Network is not there yet ?
Problem: You may need network data and statistics *before* deploying into a specific location
Solution: Trending and Forecasting information provided by Cisco Visual Networking Index
Global initiative to analyze and forecast IP network growth
• Fixed Internet, Managed IP and Mobile data collection
• Business vs. Consumer
• Customizable Filters
• Graphical reports and datasummaries publicly available
See: www.ciscovnipulse.com
9
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
What if Your Cisco Network is not there yet ?
Problem: You may need network data and statistics from locations beyond your own network
Solution: Current and historical Performance Metrics provided by RIPE ATLAS
“With your help, the RIPE NCC is building thelargest Internet measurement network ever made.RIPE Atlas employs a global network of probesthat measure Internet connectivity and reachability,providing an unprecedented understanding of thestate of the Internet in real time.”
• Weather Map Reports
• Detailed Probe Reports
• Standard and User DefinedMeasurements
• REST API
• Contribute to a Bigger Cause
See: https://atlas.ripe.net
USB (Power)
RJ45 (Network)
10
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
RIPE ATLAS – API Examples
See https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/rest/
RIPE Atlas REST API Covers
• Measurements
• Probes
• Participation / Enrollment
With extensive Filter Capabilities
{
"asn_v4": 6730,
"asn_v6": null,
"country_code": "CH",
"id": NNNN,
"is_anchor": false,
"is_public": false,
"latitude": 47.4275,
"longitude": 8.3095,
"prefix_v4": "188.154.0.0/15",
"prefix_v6": null,
"status": 2,
"status_name": "Disconnected",
"status_since": 1421929692,
"tags": [
"home",
"nat",
"system-v2“ ]
}
Get some Details about my Probe (JSON Format)https://atlas.ripe.net/api/v1/probe/NNNN/
Get Results of a specific Measurement (JSON Format)https://atlas.ripe.net/api/v1/measurement/1769099/result/? … …
11
Some Common Ground
Embedded Event Manager (EEM)2
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Embedded Event
Manager
Syslogemail
notification
SNMP set
Counter
CLI
Applets
SNMP
get
SNMP
notification
Application
specific
TCL
Policies
Reload or
switch-over
EEM Applets
multi-event-correlation
IOS.sh
Policies
Actions
Event Detectors
Syslog
Event
Process
Scheduler
Database
Interface
Descriptor
Blocks
Syslog
ED
Watchdog
ED
Interface
Counter
ED
CLI
ED
OIR
ED
ERM
ED
EOT
ED
RF
ED
none
ED
GOLD
ED
XML
RPC
ED
SNMP
EDs
Remote:
• Notification
Local:
• Notification
• Get/Set
NetFlow
ED
IPSLA
ED
Route
ED
Timer
EDs
• Cron
• Count
down
HW
EDs
• Fan
• Temp
• Env
• ...
CDP
LLDP
ED
802.1x
ED
MAC
ED
Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
13
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Example: EEM Applets – Loops, Variables
Problem: None in Particular
Solution: Have fun exploring EEM Applet capabilities
See also: http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/language-cisco-ios-embedded-event-manager-applet-2909.html
event manager applet 99-bob
description written by bklauser inspired by http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net
event none
action 100 set b 99
action 110 while $b gt 1
action 120 puts "$b bottles of beer on the wall, $b bottles of beer."
action 130 decrement b
action 140 puts "Take one down, pass it around, "
action 150 puts "$b bottles of beer on the wall.\n"
action 160 end
action 170 puts "$b bottle of beer on the wall, $b bottle of beer."
action 180 puts "Take one down, pass it around, "
action 190 puts "no more bottles of beer on the wall.\n"
action 200 puts "No more bottles of beer on the wall, "
action 210 puts "no more bottles of beer."
action 220 puts "Go to the store and buy some more, "
action 230 puts "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n"
!
alias exec sing event manager run 99-bob
Setting a Variable
Decrementing a Variable
Referencing a Variable
While Loop – {
While Loop – }
Using an Alias to run our Applet
Real-World Example
14
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Packaging Network Automations
Problem: Cisco IOS Embedded Automation Systems often include multiple configuration items, files, checks and procedures – how to ensure they are deployed consistently?
Solution: Cisco EASy provides a simple packaging mechanism and open-source EASy Installer. A developer guide is available online to assist with the creation of EASy packages.
MyPackage.tar
Package Description
Pre-Requisite Verification
Pre-Installation Config
Pre-Installation Exec
Environment Variables
Configuration
Files
Post-Requisite Verification
Post-Installation Config
Post-Installation Exec
Uninstall
+
EASy Installer = Menu Guided Installation
Router# easy-installer tftp://10.1.1.1/mypackage.tar flash:/easy
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Configure and Install EASy Package ‘mypackage-1.03'
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Display Package Description
2. Configure Package Parameters
3. Deploy Package Policies
4. Exit
Enter option: 2
See: http://www.cisco.com/go/easyEASy Package guide: http://tools.cisco.com/squish/cEAe3
15
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Embedded Automation Systems (EASy)
1. Browse and Download EASy Packageswww.cisco.com/go/easy
2. Make Sure to also download EASy Installer
3. Browse Other Embedded Automationswww.cisco.com/go/ciscobeyond
4. Learn About The Technology Under The Hoodwww.cisco.com/go/instrumentationwww.cisco.com/go/eemwww.cisco.com/go/pec
5. Discuss, Ask Questions, Suggest Answers supportforums.cisco.comsupportforums.cisco.mobi
6. Upload your own Examples to CiscoBeyondwww.cisco.com/go/ciscobeyond
7. Engage via [email protected]
16
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Example: Event-Based Configurations
17
When a printer is added to the network, use an EEM applet to create a new custom AutoSmartPort-like event
event manager applet dectect-printer
event neighbor-discovery interface regexp FastEthernet.* cdp add
action 001 regexp ".*LasterJet.*" "$_nd_cdp_platform"
action 002 if $_regexp_result eq 1
action 003 cli command "enable"
action 004 cli command "config t"
action 005 cli command "interface $_nd_local_intf_name"
action 006 cli command "switchport access vlan $printer_vlan"
action 007 cli command "switchport mode access"
action 008 cli command "switchport port-security"
action 009 cli command "switchport port-security violation restrict"
action 010 cli command "switchport port-security aging time 2"
action 011 cli command "switchport port-security aging type inactivity"
action 012 cli command "spanning-tree portfast"
action 013 cli command "spanning-tree bpduguard enable"
action 014 cli command "end"
action 015 syslog msg "New printer added: $_nd_cdp_entry_name , type:
$_nd_cdp_platform"
action 016 end
Real-World Example
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Format and Share Remote Information – 1/2
Problem: How to actively gather and share information from a router and from a few devices behind the router – across organizational and technical borders?
Solution 1: Initiate a project to make use of SNMP, Syslog, Event Management Software, Reporting, Provisioning and CRM Systems ...
Solution 2: Use Cisco IOS Network Automation to collect and post the information
namespace import ::http::*
Using Cisco IOS Embedded Event Manager and Tcl:
1. Import the http package into EEM policy
2. Collect the information required
set my_query [::http::formatQuery "status" $my_info]
3. Build a query for the http POST operation
set my_reply [::http::geturl $my_server_url -query $my_query]
4. POST the information to a website
Real-World Example
18
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
See: http://twitter.com/EASyDMINote: it is NOT recommended to use a public site or feed other than for demo purpose
Format and Share Remote Information – 2/2
19
Real-World Example
Scripting and Programming at the Edge
Device-Level APIs and Containers3
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Supported on CSR1kV since XE 3.10
• ASR1K in XE 3.14
Primarily for Config
• DNS, NTP, Interface, Routing, ACL, NAT
Some Stats
• Interface, CPU, Memory
Runs in a service container
• Uses onePK Python APIs under the hood
Programmable Network Layer – REST @ IOS XE
21
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
REST Follows a Familiar Model
HTTP GET
Describes how data
should be displayed to
please human viewer
HTTP GET
Describes data in a
format applications
can understand
{"ids":[303776224, 19449911, 607032789,
86544242, 2506725913, 17631389],
"next_cursor":0, "next_cursor_str":"0",
"previous_cursor":0,
"previous_cursor_str":"0"}
Web Browsing REST API Twitter: IDs of last five followers
HTML JSON/XML
22
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)Cisco IOS (Enterprise, Data Center, Service Provider)
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Cisco onePK Agent Infrastructure .
one
PK
Loca
tion
Se
rvic
e S
et
one
PK
BG
P S
erv
ice
Se
t
Cis
co
819 A
irV
isio
nA
PIs
Op
en
Flo
w
. . .
I2R
S
PC
EP
Neutr
on
OM
I
Pu
pp
et
NE
TC
ON
F +
Ya
ng
one
PK
Da
taP
ath
Se
rvic
e S
et
one
PK
Po
licy S
erv
ice
Se
t
one
PK
Ro
utin
g S
erv
ice
Se
t
one
PK
Ele
me
nt S
erv
ice
Se
t
one
PK
Dis
co
ve
ry S
erv
ice
Se
t
one
PK
Utilit
y S
erv
ice
Se
t
one
PK
De
ve
lope
r S
erv
ice
Se
t
Cisco one IoT APIsCisco Cloud Connector Toolkit
Cisco onePK API Presentation, Software Development Kit, Runtime
. . .
. . .
onePK BASE
23
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Evolution
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)
Cisco IOS – Feature Implementation
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Feature API Wiring
C Java
24
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Evolution
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)
Cisco IOS – Feature Implementation
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Feature API Wiring
C Java Python
25
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Evolution
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)
Cisco IOS – Feature Implementation
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Feature API Wiring
Feature Information Model Wiring
Data Models
Generation from Data Models
C Java REST NETCONF
Extend and Customize . . . Configure and Operate
. . .Python
26
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Evolution
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)
Cisco IOS – Feature Implementation
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Feature API Wiring
Feature Information Model Wiring
Data Models
Generation from Data Models
C Java REST NETCONF
Extend and Customize . . . Configure and Operate
. . .Python
27
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Evolution
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)
Cisco IOS – Feature Implementation
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Feature API Wiring
Feature Information Model Wiring
Data Models
Generation from Data Models
C Java REST NETCONF
Extend and Customize . . . Configure and Operate
. . .Python
28
From Towards
Hand-crafted API Infrastrcture Model-driven generation
Manual platform adaption Model-driven generation
Inconsistencies between Agents Consistent model and data across agents
Focus on Agents across Platforms Focus on Models and Platform strengths
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Hosting Models
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)Cisco IOS (Enterprise, Data Center, Service Provider)
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Device-Level Shell or API (such as guestshell, onePK, RESTCONF, etc)
Choice of 3
Hosting Models “Process”
On the Node• Shared memory/compute
• Very low latency and delay
• Available on select platforms
“Blade”
On A Hardware Blade• Dedicated memory/compute
• Low latency and delay
• Requires modular hardware blade
“End-Node”
On An External Server• Plentiful memory/compute
• Higher latency and delay
• Supported by all platforms
29
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmable Network Layer – Containers
30
Virtualized environment on a Cisco device.
Examples of LXC Use Cases:• Cisco Virtual Services:
• ISR4451X-WAAS
• Device Agents:
• Nexus – Cisco Openflow Agent
• Nexus – Cisco Puppet Agent
• Third Party Services (onePK applications):
• Process Hosted OnePK Applications
Cisco supports multiple service container environments
• LXC – Linux Containers
• KVM/QEMU - Hypervisor
Container
Network OS
Virtual Service
Service Containers
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Example: Nexus NXOS Guest Shell
GUEST SHELL
Open Source
Packages
(Optional)
Apps
Apps
NXOS CLI
onePK
Cisco
Libraries
(Optional)
Python
enabled root
filesystem
Secure Linux Container (sLXC)
Python
System APIs
Nexus
DevOps
Open SourceTools, utilities, applications
3rd Party
Apps
Cisco
RepositoryDevNet
bootflash
Apps
NXOS CLI interface• Access the Guest Shell from
NXOS CLI
• Access NXOS CLI from within the
Guest Shell
onePK APIs• Access to a rich set of NXOS APIs
for interface to management and
datapath functions.
Python System APIs• BCM shell ?
• What else?
bootflash• Read/write access to the NXOS
bootflash.
Guest Shell is an embedded Linux
environment that allows customers (DevOps)
to develop and run custom applications for
automated control and management of the
Nexus family of datacenter switches.
Guest Shell is
automatically enabled.
Zero-touch.
64bit application
environment
Guest Shell ships with
python support enabled.
C and Java support can
be added through YUM
installs.
Upgradeable rootfs
packages
Built on Secure LXC.
231
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Physical Containers – UCS E-Series S
ca
lab
ility
Feature Richness
Cisco UCS-E140S
• Service Module
• Vmware, Hyper-V,
Citrix Certified
• Intel E3 4 Core
Processor
• vWLC, vWAAS,
Physical Security
Cisco UCS-E180D
• Service Module
• Vmware, Hyper-V, Citrix
Certified
• Intel E5 8 Core Processor
• vWLC, vWAAS, Virtual
Desktops, Physical
Security, Security
applications
Cisco UCS-E160D
• Service Module
• Vmware, Hyper-V, Citrix
Certified
• Intel E5 6 Core
Processor
• vWLC, vWAAS, Virtual
Desktops, Physical
Security
Cisco UCS-EN120S
• Service Module
• VMware and
Hyper-V Certified
• Network Compute
Applications –
vWLC, vWAAS
28
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
NIM-SSD:
• 1 or 2 hot-swappable 200GB SSD drives
• 100GB and 400GB options in the future
NIM-HDD:
• 1 hot-swappable 500GB or 1TB drive
• Available as soon as a container supports it
SSD-MSATA-200G:
• Doesn’t consume a NIM slot!
• Embedded 200GB SSD storage
• Not available on 4431 & 4451
ISR 4400 Series Storage Options
29
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
VM 1 VM 2 VM 3WAAS Energywise Future App
Service Containers
Dedicated virtualized compute
resources
CPU, disk, memory
for each service
Easily repurpose resources
Industry-standard hypervisor
Benefits
Better performing network services
Ease of deployment with zero
footprint; no truck roll
Greater security through fault isolation
High reliability
Flexibility to upgrade network services
independent of router IOS® Software
Virtual Containers – ISR 4400 Series
30
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Virtual Containers – ISR 4400 Series
Third Party Service Containers
• Partners and other 3rd parties can now write apps hosted on an ISR4K!
• Digital signing is REQUIRED so they must be approved by Cisco (ISR Team).
• Development tools are still rough so we’re partnering very closely with the first few.
• Also soliciting ideas for general-purpose common tools in a container.
31
Combining Things
Some more Real-Life Examples4
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Example: Emergency Response Network
Problem: How to deliver secure, trusted, robust, cost-effective broadband connectivity to mobile emergency response units?
Solution: Use Network Programming based on Cisco onePK and Cisco IOS Embedded Event Manager to integrate low-cost, high-bandwidth options with accredited legacy radio connectivity:
Cisco ISR/M2M 819
WiFi
1
1. Connect high-bandwidth forward clients via WiFi
EEM
2
2. Use Cisco IOS EEM for onboard system integration and adaptation
Cisco ISR 29xx
PMR Network
3
3. Use Cisco onePK to redirect IKE key exchange out-of-band via legacy radio
Ka Band4
4. Secure IPSec tunnel via cost-effective high bandwidth Ka Band
5. Reliable, secure emergency response network saving ~4M€operating cost annually
Real-World Example
37
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Maximize Utilization of Dynamic Bandwidth
Real-World Example
Problem: Bandwidth depends on ground weather and space weather, accurate short-term forecasts. How to optimize QoS configuration for dynamically changing bandwidth of satellite links?
Solution: Dynamically adjust ground station router config to maximize bandwidth
A B
Weather
A
Weather
B
Space
Weather
1. Acquire and Normalize Space Weather and Weather Conditions
Optimizer App
2. Calculate optimal topology and configuration for upcoming period
3. Derive required configuration changes
4. Inject incremental changes and harvest required metrics
5. Repeat
38
“Computer programming is an art,
because it applies accumulated knowledge to the world,
because it requires skill and ingenuity,
and especially because it produces objects of beauty.”
Donald Ervin Knuth, 1974(Computer Scientist, Author of “The Art of Computer Programming”)
How to Architect a Fast and Bimodal IT ?
SDN-Inspired Application-Centric Architecture5
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Application Economy and Software-Defined
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Programmatic OperationsApplications
Self-* and New Applications
SaaS and Software Driven
Integration
Context Awareness
Operations, Business Intelligence
Application-Centric Infrastructure
Embedded AutomationVisibility and ControlIntelligence, Manageability
Controller Layer
Controllers, Analytics, PolicyManagement and Orchestration
ServicesOrchestration
Analytics
Applications
Network
Harvest Network
Intelligence
Program for Optimized
Experience
38
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Evolving Interactions / Bimodal ITApplications
Self-* and New Applications
SaaS and Software Driven
Integration
Context Awareness
Operations, Business Intelligence
Application-Centric Infrastructure
Embedded AutomationVisibility and ControlIntelligence, Manageability
Controller Layer
Controllers, Analytics, PolicyManagement and Orchestration
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Virtual / Overlay Networks
ICT G
overn
ance a
nd O
pera
tions
Network
Domain Controllers
Applications and Users
a
1
use
2
use
4
interact
5
interact
3
interact
ma
na
ge
b
c
d control e
39
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Network-aware
Applications
Cisco Unified Framework
Cisco Enterprise ACI
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)Cisco IOS (Enterprise, Data Center, Service Provider)
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Controller Layer
(Orchestration + Analytics)
Device Interfaces and Agents – (onePK, OpenFlow, OpenStack, I2RS, …)
Virtual / Overlay Networks
Users and Applications – across Business Domains and Segments
ICT
Go
ve
rna
nce a
nd O
pe
ratio
ns
Service Abstraction Layer, Common Policy ModelCLI
SNMP …
IdentityLocationDevice TypeDevice Posture
SLAQoS
SecurityLoad Balancing
Application Enablement Platform
Application Centric Infrastructure
Applications Applications Applications Applications
40
What can a Controller do for me?6
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Controller Layer
Programmable
Network Layer
(Physical + Virtual)Cisco IOS (Enterprise, Data Center, Service Provider)
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Controller Layer
(Orchestration + Analytics)Service Abstraction Layer
Controller Core
Controller Advanced Functionality
Application Interfaces – (OSGi, REST, …)
Device Interfaces and Agents – (onePK, OpenFlow, OpenStack, I2RS, …)
Virtual / Overlay Networks
CLI SNMP …
42
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Controller Layer – OpenDaylight
Programmable
Network Layer
Network
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Controller Layer
(Orchestration + Analytics)Service Abstraction Layer
Controller Core
Application Interfaces – (OSGi, REST, …)
CLI SNMP …
Controller Advanced Functionality
Controller Applications
Authentication Troubleshooting
Flow Manager TIF Slice Manager
43
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Common Policy Namespace Across Domains
Programmable
Network Layer
Controller Layer
(Orchestration + Analytics)
App
ProfileUser
Profile
ISE
DATA CENTER ACCESSWANCLOUD
44
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Controller Layer – APIC Enterprise Module
Programmable
Network Layer
Network
Data Plane – (ASIC and Software)
Controller Layer
(Orchestration + Analytics)
Service Abstraction Layer
Controller Core
Controller Advanced Functionality
Application Interfaces – (REST, …)
CLI SNMP …
Cisco Applications based on APIC-EM
Plug-N-PlayQoS
Automation
Path Visualization
and Inventory
… … ...QoSACL
Security Automation
IWAN Automation
45
Getting Started with Northbound Interfaces
APIC-EM REST API – I7
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
APIC-EM Northbound REST APIProblem: How to get started with a Controller API?
Solution: Explore
Example:
1) In the APIC-EM User Interface,click on [API]
2) Navigate to the desired APIin our example:/network-device/count
47
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
APIC-EM Northbound REST API
Problem: How to get started with a Controller API?
Solution: Explore
Example:
1) In the APIC-EM User Interface,click on [API]
2) Navigate to the desired APIin our example:/network-device/count
3) Note Request URLhttps://<APIC-EM IP>/api/v0/ +
/network-device/count
4) Prototype in Chrome/Postman
5) Code in your App (Python, Java, …)
48
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
APIC-EM in DevNet Sandbox
Login at developer.cisco.comhttps://developer.cisco.com/site/apic-em/
(note: password may not be synchronized with the rest of cisco.com)
Navigate to Sandbox
49
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APIC-EM in dCloud
• Cloud-based Demos(and Learning)
• Scheduled or on-demand
• Customize and Save your own
• Login to:http://dcloud.cisco.com
50
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APIC-EM in dCloud – REST API Tasks
55
Scenario 1 – Using Python / PyCharm
• List Device Inventory
• Create ACL Policy
• Delete ACL Policy
Scenario 2 – Using Postman / Chrome
• Count Number of Devices in Inventory
A closer Look at Northbound API
APIC-EM REST API – II8
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APIC-EM – Topology APIProblem: How to interact with Device and Topology data via the REST API?
Solution: Let’s Explore
Example:
1) In the APIC-EM User Interface,click on [API]
2) Drill down to Topology
3) Let’s look at L3 Routing Topology …
53
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APIC-EM – Topology API4) Try it out:
5) The Response Body includes …
… Nodes …
http://<APIC-EM IP>/api/v0/topology/ospf
{ "response": {
"nodes": [
{ "deviceType": "ROUTER",
"label": "SDN-BRANCH-ISR4451",
"id": "2504be29-7684-43ae-8417-a75ca618287c",
"x": 182,
"y": 43,
"ip": "40.0.2.2",
"softwareVersion": "03.11.00.S",
"osType": "isr4400-universalk9.03.**.bin",
"fixed": true,
"role": "Border Router",
"nodeType": "device",
"deviceRoleOrigin": "auto",
"aclApplied": true,
"family": "ISR4451-X/K9"
},
:
:
:
{ "deviceType": "WIRED",
"label": "40.0.5.12",
"id": "8f41bef8-698c-4701-af14-471e910ed9ff",
"x": 200,
"y": 108,
"ip": "40.0.5.12",
"fixed": true,
"role": "host",
"greyOut": true,
"nodeType": "host"
},
:
:
{ "deviceType": "SWITCH",
"label": "SDN-CAMPUS-C4K",
"id": "e5f93514-3ae5-4109-8b52-b9fa876e1eae",
"x": 40,
"y": 108,
"ip": "40.0.1.30",
"softwareVersion": "03.03.02.SG",
"fixed": true,
"role": "Distribution",
"nodeType": "device",
"deviceRoleOrigin": "auto",
"aclApplied": true,
"family": "C4507R"
},
:
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APIC-EM – Topology API
… Links …"links": [ {
"id": "4bde281e-e079-40ca-9427-647bb360a429",
"source": "a632c6e8-89bf-4949-8e4d-a249105f2c7c",
"startPortID": "d3054716-73ed-4a6c-89c9-095ebe7f3445",
"target": "526c8fc6-f732-41a9-9faf-5876293a2e8c",
"endPortID": "2fdb927f-a5a7-47b2-bbed-8499c1c12105"
},
:
Source Node ID
Target Node ID
… and Node Sets for arbitrary grouping
"nodeSet": [ {
"name": "access-SDN-BRANCH-3750-STACK",
"id": "SET-7895a45f-47aa-42ee-9d06-c66d3b784594",
"type": "access",
"root": "7895a45f-47aa-42ee-9d06-c66d3b784594",
"nodes": [
"8f41bef8-698c-4701-af14-471e910ed9ff",
"c40e4287-4263-498a-852b-8944e089d427",
"7895a45f-47aa-42ee-9d06-c66d3b784594" ],
:
},
:
55
Signaling per-Application, per-Session QoS
APIC-EM and Dynamic QoS Policies9
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Signaling per-Application, per-Session QoS
Problem: What if an Application requires a specific QoS policy to be applied for the duration of a Transaction or Session ?
Solution: Provide an API for Applications to request predefined Policies
Example:
1) Operator defines and approvesrelevant Policies
2) Application requests Policies upon Session Start and Signals Session End to Controller-based App
3) App and APIC-EM validate, deploy, report the dynamic change
Virtual / Overlay Networks
Network
APIC-EM QoS and ACL Apps
Applications
Application Interfaces – (REST)
reportdeploy
NOC Operators
responserequest managedefine
57
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Example: Dynamic Policy for Jabber Video/Voice
Virtual / Overlay Networks
Network
APIC-EM QoS and ACL Apps
Cisco UC Manager
Application Interfaces – (REST)
report3) deploy
NOC Operators
response2) request managedefine
Jabber Client BJabber Client A
1) Client A initiates Call to Client B
1)
2) CUCM Requests predefined Policy via APIC-EM REST API
3) APIC-EM QoS and ACL Apps validateand deploy into the Network via APIC-EM
4) Call Ends
5) CUCM Signals to APIC-EM
6) APIC-EM Apps remove Policy from Network
http://<APIC-EM IP>/api/v0/policy POST
{ "policyName": "voice:audio:10.1.1.7",
"policyOwner": "Admin",
"networkUser":{
"userIdentifiers":["10.1.1.7"],
"applications":["20324,20324,UDP"]},
"actionProperty": {"priorityLevel": "46"},
"actions": ["PERMIT"]
}
58
NOT Provisioning Static Infrastructure
A Real Life Example10
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NOT Provisioning Static Infrastructure
Problem: How to deliver Application Transactions – dynamic, deterministic, in compliance with business rules, fully audited and without exposing resources during idle times?
1. Define relevant IT Resources
2. Define Business Transactions“Process this swap option trade”
3. Triggers and Parameters“Jurisdiction, Priority, Cost, Policy, …”
4. Dynamic Allocation and Auditing
5. Repeat Sequence
Solution: Per Transaction sequential allocation of Compute, Storage, Network resources across DC, Cloud and Premise.
Applications
60
Visibility into Remotes Sites and Tenants
Virtual Network Analysis Module (vNAM) – I11
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Link Application Visibility to Network ControlApply Control/Configuration Changes to improve Application Performance and Availability
Hosted Workload for Tenant
Application Services
CSR
Tenant-AApplication Services
Cisco
Daylight(XNC)
PROGRAMMABILE
Traffic SteeringPath Setup
Traffic Engineering
• Apply Service Policies (Police, Mark,
Shape, Queue) for reprioritization
• Implement custom routing optimized for
specific application topology
• Set ACLs to establish the access rules
Service Assurance Actions (Examples)
Network Application
REST/XML
API
Problem: How to dynamically provide application visibility into remote sites or per virtualized tenant?
Virtual NAM
Solution: Deploy vNAM into the virtual workload POD
62
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Branch
ISR
Large
Remote
Site
ISR
Branch
ISR
Data Center
ASR
Cisco Prime Virtual NAM (vNAM)
INTERNET/ WAN
Application
Servers
Virtual NAM
Virtual NAM
APPLICATION AWARENESS DEEPER NETWORK ANALYTICS DEPLOYMENT AGILITY
Extends Application Intelligence to the Virtual Infrastructure
• Deployed on any x86 platform
• Supported in ESXi and KVM environments
• Performance-Based License
NAM-VX10: Up to 150 MbpsNAM-VX20 (ESXi only): Up to 1Gbps
Deploy vNAM Anywhere in the Network
• Multitenant Clouds
• Remote Sites
• Wireless/Wired Access
63
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Cisco Prime Virtual NAM (vNAM) – Data Sources
• SPAN
• ERSPAN
• RSPAN
• VACL
• NetFlow
• Promiscuous Mode (ESXi)
Virtual NAM
64
Trigger and Extract Data from NAM
Virtual Network Analysis Module (vNAM) – II 12
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Cisco Prime Virtual NAM (vNAM) – API Coverage
API CategoryCRUD Operation Support
POST GET PUT DELETE
Authentication / Single Sign On
Site √ √ √ √
Data Source √
Application / Application Group √ √ √ √
Action √ √ √ √
Threshold √ √ √ √
Packet Capture √ √ √ √
WAAS Monitoring √ √ √
System Info √
Data Extraction √ (XML)
From NAM 6.1 key capabilities offer REST API support
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Cisco Prime Virtual NAM (vNAM) – API Examples
See http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/net_mgmt/network_analysis_module_software/6-1/developer/guide/nam-rest-api-guide-12.pdf
Example: Define Thresholds and Actions
<alarmAction>
<name>This Action Triggers Everything</name>
<email>enabled</email>
<trap>
<community>public</community>
</trap>
<triggerCapture>
<session>4</session>
<action>start</action>
</triggerCapture>
<syslog>enabled</syslog>
</alarmAction>
1) Configure an Alarm Action(and capture Action ID from Response)
<query-data>
<query>
SELECT
clientSite,
SUM (numRsps),
SUM (sumRspTime)/SUM (numRsps),
SUM (numTrans),
SUM (sumTransTime)/SUM (numTrans),
SUM (numRTT),
SUM (sumRTT)/SUM (numRTT)
FROM ARTSiteClt
WHERE
TIME >= <START-TIME> AND
TIME <=<END-TIME> AND
appId= <APP-ID> AND
client=10.1.1.1
GROUP BY clientSite
</query>
</query-data>
Example: Export Performance Data
Extract application response time data (Average round trip time, Average transaction time,Average Server Response Time) for application=<APP-ID> for Client=10.1.1.1
<iapThreshold>
<name>My Threshold</name>
<severity>High</severity>
<risingAction>7</risingAction>
<fallingAction>7</fallingAction>
:
<iapMetrics>
.. Criteria specific to Type ..
</iapMetrics>
</iapThreshold>
2) Configure Threshold to trigger Action(URI specifies Threshold <type> )
67
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Cisco Prime Virtual NAM (vNAM) – API Examples
72
Field Name Description Data Type Maximum Size
serverSite ID of the site associated with the server integer 4 bytes
server IPv4/IPv6 address of the server string variable
clientSite ID of the site associated with the client integer 4 bytes
client IPv4/IPv6 address of the client integer variable
appId Application ID integer 4 bytes
dataSource ID of the data source where this traffic was monitored integer 4 bytes
dcsp DSCP value observed in the traffic integer 4 bytes
encapLayer1 Description of first encapsulation layer observed in the traffic, if any string variable
encapLayer2 Description of second encapsulation layer observed in the traffic, if any string variable
encapLayer3 Description of third encapsulation layer observed in the traffic, if any string variable
serverPort TCP port number used by the server integer 8 bytes
numRsps Total number of responses during the interval integer 8 bytes
lateRsps Number of responses with a response time that was greater than all pre-defined ranges integer 8 bytes
sumRspTime Sum of all response times observed at the NAM location during the interval integer 8 bytes
maxRspTime Maximum single response time times observed at the NAM location during the interval integer 4 bytes
minRspTime Minimum single response time times observed at the NAM location during the interval integer 8 bytes
: : : :
Application Performance Client-Server Data Schema (subset)
See http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/net_mgmt/network_analysis_module_software/6-1/developer/guide/nam-rest-api-guide-12.pdf
Finding Needles in multiple transient Haystacks
Distributed Network Analytics (DNA)13
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Finding Needles in multiple transient Haystacks
Problem: Sometimes we now exactly what we are looking for – but don’t know when and where it might appear. If the source data set is transient, highly distributed and large, central aggregation and post-processing are not an option …
Network Telemetry Data
Solution: Distribute the Query and Data Reduction rather than centralizing the Data
Distributed Network Analytics (DNA)embeds
Big Data Smarts (Map/Reduce)into the
Network to enable
Analytics at the EdgeNetwork Device OS
LXC Container
DNA Agent
DNA Control App
Applications
Application Interfaces – (REST)
report, discover, monitor
deploy
NOC Operators
70
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Network Telemetry Data
DNA Agent
DNA Control App
Applications NOC Operators
Distributed Network Analytics (DNA)
Network Analytics Task
Requested by an Application or Operatorof the DNA Control App
“Where’s my IP Traffic (from 10.1.2.0)?“
DNA Maplet
Delegated by the Controllerto the DNA Agents• Configure data source
• Aggregate Query
• Decompose Results
DNA Reducelet
Performed by the DNA Controlleron incoming Maplet Results
(1) Request task
(2) Resolve task,
determine maplets
(3) Deploy maplets
(4) DNA CAC
(5) Data producer setup
(6) Query engine setup
(7) ack
(8) Task status maint.
(9) Data stream start
(10) Aggregation
(11) Report results
(ongoing/one-time)
(12) Result aggregation
{reducelet processing}
(13) Report results
(14) Auto-cleanup
if not refreshed
71
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Configuration of a DNA
Network Analytics Task
Templates are “precanned”
queries supplied by the controller
Parameters, help texts rendered
by data-driven GUI
Define Network Scope by policy:
draw, device type, tags, import
previous scopes, …
72
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Visualization of Analytics Results
• “Watch” any given task
• GUI displays scope and status
of the query
• Timeline visualizes when
network identifies analytics
matches on “event timeline”
• Zoom into analytics records
• Provide analytics task status
“on demand”
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Distributed Network Analytics (DNA) – API Example
Applications can inject Queries and retrieve Results via the RESTCONF API
Example: Find IPv4 Traffic from 101.101.1.1
Network Telemetry Data
Network Device OS
LXC Container
DNA Agent
DNA Control App
Applications
Application Interfaces – (REST)
report, discover, monitor (IPFIX, JDBC)
Deploy (IPFIX)
NOC Operators
(RESTCONF)
<dna-data-producer>
<dna-data-producer-id> 1 </dna-data-producer-id>
<netflow>
<flow-field>
<field-name> src </field-name>
<ieName> source_ip </ieName>
<isflowkey/>
</flow-field>
<timeout-Cache>
<expTimeout> 5 </expTimeout>
</timeoutCache>
</netflow>
</dna-data-producer>
<dna-data-operator>
<op-id> 58 </op-id>
<cqe> sql blob </cqe>
<match>
<field-name> src < / …>
<comparator> equal</comparator>
<value > 101.101.1.1</value>
</match>
</data-data-operator>
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Summary and Close
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A Word of Caution
80
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A Word of Caution – or Two
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Agenda Recap
82
1 Cisco VNI and RIPE ATLAS
2 Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
3 Device-Level APIs and Containers
4 Some more Real-Life Examples
5 SDN-Inspired Application-Centric Architecture
6 What can a Controller do for me?
7 APIC-EM REST API – I
8 APIC-EM REST API – II
9 APIC-EM and Dynamic QoS Policies
10 NOT Provisioning Static Infrastructure
11 Virtual Network Analysis Module (vNAM) – I
12 Virtual Network Analysis Module (vNAM) – II
13 Distributed Network Analytics (DNA)
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Cisco ACI and SDN @ CiscoLive Milan
83
• Recommended Learning Path on SDN60+ Breakouts, Tech Seminars, Labs, Panel Discussion, …
Content Catalog: http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI
• DevNet @ CiscoLiveLearning Labs, Demo Pods,Arena Sessions, Hackathon
• World of Solutions
• Table TopicsLevel 1 North
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Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
84
Monday TECACI-2009 Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) - The Policy Driven Data Center
Monday TECSDN-3600 APIC Enterprise Module – SDN in the Enterprise
Monday TEC-NMS-3601 Advanced Network Programming - Lab Technical Seminar
Monday TECSPG-2300 Network Function Virtualization Seminar
Monday TECRST-2611 Network Simulation: The VIRL Compendium
Monday TECMPL-3200 SDN WAN Orchestration in MPLS and Segment Routing Networks
Monday TECCRS-2003 Advanced WAN Design Topics
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Tech Seminars
Tuesday PNLSDN-1000Using Software-Defined Concepts and OpenDaylight-inspired Controllers to
Increase Business Agility and Competitive Differentiation
Tuesday PNLDCT-2001 Overlays in the Data Center - A Customer Perspective
Panel Discussions
© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKNMS-3114 Cisco Public
Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
85
Tuesday LABACI-2223 APIC integration with OpenStack
Tuesday LABSDN-2331 Cisco ACI hands on Lab
Tuesday LABSPG-2443 Cisco EPN Labs
Tuesday LABVIR-2446 Network Function Virtualization
Tuesday LTRDCT-1224 Implementing VXLAN in Datacenter
Wednesday LTRDCT-1224 Implementing VXLAN in Datacenter
Wednesday LABSPG-2442 NCS: Network Control System Hands-on Lab (Tail-f)
Thursday LABNMS-2001 Advanced Network Automation and Solutions using Cisco IOS EEM
Friday LABNMS-2001 Advanced Network Automation and Solutions using Cisco IOS EEM
Friday LABSDN-1335 Getting Started with OpenDaylight
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Labs
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Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
86
Tuesday BRKSDN-2120 Demystifying Security in the Software Defined Era
Tuesday BRKSDN-1014 Introduction to Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Programmability
Tuesday BRKRST-2015 SDN - From Concepts To Reality
Tuesday BRKRST-2121 Self Learning Networks
Tuesday BRKDCT-2131 Mobility and Virtualization in the Data Center with LISP and OTV
Tuesday BRKACI-2244 Application Virtual Switch for Application Centric Infrastructure Overview
Wednesday BRKCRS-3447 Network Function Virtualization for Enterprise Networks
Wednesday BRKNMS-3043 Performance Measurement for IP and SDN Traffic with Cisco IOS IP SLA
Wednesday BRKACI-1025 Migration from Classic Design to ACI
Wednesday BRKDCT-2367 OpenStack Deployment in the Enterprise
Wednesday BRKSPG-2515 SDN-enabled Carrier Ethernet Architectures
Wednesday BRKSDN-1200 Cisco Applications on OpenDaylight - An Introduction
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Breakout Sessions – 1/4
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Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
87
Wednesday BRKACI-2678 Building Application Centric Network Containers and Service Graphs with ACI and UCSD
Wednesday BRKSPG-2516 SDN Protocols in Internet
Wednesday BRKSDN-2118 Simulating networks using Cisco Modeling Labs
Wednesday BRKGEN-2999 Introductory - Autonomic Networking
Wednesday BRKSDN-1119 Device APIs — A Guide For the Perplexed
Wednesday BRKACI-2345 ACI: What We Have Learnt from Early Deployments
Wednesday BRKIOT-2442 Enabling the Internet of Everything: Cisco’s IoT Architecture
Wednesday BRKOPT-2102 Software Innovations and Control Plane Evolution in the new SDN Transport Architectures
Wednesday BRKSDN-3014 Packet Inspection and Manipulation for Fun and Profit
Wednesday BRKSPM-2001 GiLAN and Service Chaining
Wednesday BRKACI-2333 Application Centric Networking Troubleshooting 101 - Install & Implementation of ACI
Wednesday BRKACI-1789 How to Perform Common Tasks in ACI
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Breakout Sessions – 2/4
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Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
88
Thursday BRKNMS-3114 13 Smart Ways to Program Your Cisco IOS Network
Thursday BRKCRS-3011 APIC-EM (Application Policy Infrastructure Controller - Enterprise Module) SDN in Enterprise
Thursday BRKACI-3456 Mastering OpenStack and ACI
Thursday BRKDCT-1349 Application Traffic Visibility and Analysis with Cisco Nexus Data Broker
Thursday BRKSPG-2722 SDN deployment in ASR9000
Thursday BRKACI-2249 Future Direction of SDN and NFV
Thursday BRKDCT-2255 Infrastructure Designs for Intercloud Data Centers
Thursday BRKACI-2001 Integration and Interoperation of existing Nexus networks into an ACI architecture
Thursday BRKACI-2006 Integration of Hypervisors and L4-7 Services into an ACI Fabric
Thursday BRKSPG-2456 The True Realisation of SDN and NFV in an SP environment
Thursday BRKNMS-1036 IT Operations Management in the SDN Era – with Prime Infrastructure and APIC Controllers
Thursday BRKSPG-2520 Evolved Programmable Network for Seamless Service Transport
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Breakout Sessions – 3/4
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Cisco ACI and SDN Sessions @ CiscoLive Milan
89
Thursday BRKSDN-2777 Network Programming and DevOps Software Development Lifecycle
Friday BRKSPG-2016 Architectures for new services over Cable
Friday BRKSPG-2517 Hosted Security as a Service Solution Architecture Design
Friday BRKACI-3344 Application Centric Networking Troubleshooting 201 – Day 2 Operations
Friday BRKARC-3467 Cisco Enterprise Silicon - Delivering Innovation for Advanced Routing and Switching
Friday BRKNMS-2445 Improve Application Delivery with Cisco AVC in the Data Center and Cloud
Friday BRKSDN-2116 Run your apps and tools natively on Cisco boxes
Over 60 Sessions on ACI and SDN ( http://cs.co/CLEU15-ACI ) :
Breakout Sessions – 4/4
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Call to Action
• Visit the World of Solutions for
– Cisco Campus
– Walk in Labs
– Technical Solution Clinics
• Meet the Engineer
• Lunch time Table Topics
• DevNet zone related labs and sessions
• Recommended Reading: for reading material and further resources for this session, please visit www.pearson-books.com/CLMilan2015
90
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Complete Your Online Session Evaluation
• Please complete your online sessionevaluations after each session.Complete 4 session evaluations& the Overall Conference Evaluation(available from Thursday)to receive your Cisco Live T-shirt.
• All surveys can be completed viathe Cisco Live Mobile App or theCommunication Stations
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Network Programming and Automation
•
•
•
•
What will YOU Program ?
92