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126
UDK: 621.43.068.7
1, 2 : , . , . . 1968. . . : , , , , , .
. , 42% , 58% . , , . - ( 2CO ) ( OH 2 ). 2CO , , , ( 2O ) . , ,
( CO ), ( HC ), ( xNO ). - , , . 1 , ., , , E_mail:
[email protected] 2 , , , E_mail: [email protected]
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127
1.
2.
2CO [2] , . ( ), ( CO HC ), . 3. ( ), . ( , ) HC CO . , . , .
3.
3.
60- 70- , . : :
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128
- ( CO ) , . , CO , . , ( ) CO : CO . CO , . , 2CO . . ( xNO ),
. 11051 ,..., . . xNO . . , , , , . HC . " HC " , , . , . "" ( ) .
HC ( ) . , . HC . HC 11, . HC CO , HC ( ), . HC .
xNO . " xNO " . , "" ( . " ").
-
129
: ( 2000 K ) . ( NO ) ( 2NO ). - (): ( ). 12C 25C ( ) (0,1 32 m
). () ( 5010 m ) ( ) ( ) . "" , ( ) ("") . , , . CO [%] HC xNO
"ppm" ( , 1 ppm = 1/10000 %). . ( 2O ), . , . : . 3 CO , HC xNO .
CO (
65 %) . 1 150 , % . HC
, , , , . HC . CH 2000 ppm ( ).
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130
CO HC . xNO . (). , . 3. , , ( mn ), . CO ( ). 0,1% (1000 ppm).
0,5%. HC . . , 300100 ppm. CO HC . xNO . , , . 3000 ppm.
4. . CO , 1970. HC . 1977. xNO ( - ), 1988. () . 1992. .
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131
- . 1. ( km/g ) 1 [1.] CO HC HC + xNO x xNO ( km/g ) 1 1992/07.
3,16 - 1,13 - 0,18 2, IDI 1996/01. 1,00 - 0,70 - 0,08 2, DI
1996/01. 1,00 - 0,90 - 0,10 3 2000/01. 0,64 - 0,56 0,50 0,05 4
2005/01. 0,50 - 0,30 0,25 0,025 5 2009/09. 0,50 - 0,23 0,18 0,005 6
2014/09. 0,50 - 0,17 0,08 0,005 ( km/g ) 1 1992/07. 3,16 - 1,13 - -
2 1996/01. 2,20 - 0,50 - - 3 2000/01. 2,30 0,20 - 0,15 - 4 2005/01.
1,00 0,10 - 0,08 - 5 2009/09. 1,00 0,10 - 0,06 0,005 6 2014/09.
1,00 0,10 - 0,06 0,005 . 1 5 6 xNO , . 1 1992. , 0. 0 . . 1 . . .
Wrldwide Fuel Chrtr3 (WWFC). ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ). Wrldwide Fuel Chrtr
, . . ,
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132
. 1992. , 1996. . 350 10 kg/mg , 20% , 1,4%. 150 10 kg/mg 35% .
, 150 kg/mg .
:
- ,
- , - (), - , - ( ), - .
. xNO . . . , xNO . . , CO HC , xNO . xNO . xNO . . xNO 2CO 2N .
( 80, ) CO HC .
xNO 2CO 2N . xNO -
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133
. xNO - 300 400 C , . , xNO .
5.
6. xNO
-. - ( 20%) - . , . , xNO . , , , . xNO . xNO . , .
7. ()
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134
. , . , , , , . Cmmn Rail. . , . 1800 bar . . Cmmn Ril . , , .
Cmmn Ril . 4 (1) 100.000 km 500.000 km 7 (3 16 t 3 7,5 t ). CO HC .
() . :
1. ( xNO ) ,
2. SCR .
, . , SCR - , , . . Daimler Chrysler- SCR
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135
, , . , SCR - ( ) . -. , . CO , HC xNO . . , , CO HC . , ( xNO
). , . 2005. xe NOD - . -. . 60%. dBlue BlueTec . 3, , SCR . SCR
(Selective Catalutic Reduction) . 5 ( ). Bsch SCR , 32,5% dBlue.
dBlue . SCR OBD . 4 xNO 85%, 5%. 40%. dBlue 5% , 0,5 /l, . ( 5 6
).
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136
"" ( ). 8 6 . ( DOC ) xNO , ( DPF ) , SCR + ASC (Slective
Catalutic Reduction + Ammonia Slip Catalust)
xNO .
8. SCR
5: 1. (dBlue), 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. ,
6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11.
, 12. 9.
SCR dBlue SCR . - . dBlue-- . . . , 250 C SCR . , , VI , . 5 , ,
dBlue . 4 43 % , 5 75 %.
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137
4 5 377 , 51 . [6]
10. 6 6 dBlue
100.000 km 5 1 5, 6 2014. 160.000 km 5 . , , , . , . , . , . ,
() () ( DPF ). 5, 77%, . , , (2009/40 , 2010/47 , 96/96 - ) . , . ,
: . ,
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138
, 95%. , . [1] uropean mission standards-cars and light trucks,
www.dieselnet.cm [2] . , . , . , -, , 2008. [3] , : . [4] . , . , .
. , - , 2006, 1. , , 86-80581-86-0, 67 73, 10-12. 2006. [5] uropean
Federation for Transport and nvironment, u 5 and 6 missions
standards for cars and vams, 2006, www.transportnvironment.u [6] .
, , , , 2012. [7] Wrldwide missions Standards, Pssnger Cars &
Light Dutu Trucks, Delphi, 2008, www.delphi.c [8]
http://www.acea.be/images/uploads/pub/Final%20WWFC%204%20Sep%2020
06.pdf
[9]http://www.gradri.uniri.hp/adminah/files/class/18.%20%C5%A0AGi%20Razvoj
%20propisa%20-%20ZO%20Auto%20EU%20Sagi_B3_HP_OK[1].pdf
REDUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES EXHAUST GASES Summary: Traffic
presents one of the important eminent of harmful substances, so is
necessary to adopt certain solutions for their reduction.
Activities of protection of human environment observed from the
point of emission of harmful particles of exhaust gasses are
reflected in intensifying of legislation that regulates norms of
exhausting emission and fuel consumption. With the increase of the
number of motor vehicles and traffic intensification, the influence
of exhaust gases on human environment also has increased. Western
industrial society has been started way back in 1968. with
limitation of emission of motor vehicle harmful gases. The
development of future legislation and obligations for meeting the
same requires intensifying development and improvement of the
existing generations of engines. Key words: Engine, exhaust gases,
vehicle, regulations, fuel, ecology.
