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A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a(an)

1. eukaryote.

2. prokaryote.

3. eubacterium.

4. archaebacterium.

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Multicellular protists are grouped with unicellular protists because multicellular

protists1. do not resemble

plants.

2. do not resemble animals.

3. do not resemble fungi.

4. are very similar to unicellular protists.

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According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from

1. a symbiosis of several cells.

2. mitochondria that grew very large.

3. chloroplasts that grew very large.

4. plants, animals, and fungi.

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Classifying a certain protist, such as Spirogyra, as a plantlike protist is

problematic because

1. it is not clear how Spirogyra obtains nutrition.

2. Spirogyra forms long, threadlike colonies.

3. Spirogyra belongs in more than one group.

4. the category does not reflect Spirogyra’s evolutionary history.

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In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a

1. gullet.

2. pseudopod.

3. food vacuole.

4. contractile vacuole.

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To which phylum do amoebas, foraminiferans, and heliozoans belong?

1. sarcodines

2. ciliates

3. sporozoans

4. pseudopods

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Zooflagellates may live in lakes and streams, where they

1. penetrate and live within cells of a host.

2. absorb food through their cell membrane.

3. feed by sweeping food particles into their gullet.

4. feed by surrounding their meal and taking it inside themselves.

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Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy” of all the cell’s

genes?1. the micronucleus

2. the gullet

3. the trichocysts

4. the macronucleus

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The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as

1. African sleeping sickness.

2. amebic dysentery.

3. malaria.

4. algal bloom.

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Which statement about malaria is true?

1. Not all strains can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine.

2. Many strains can be treated with modern drugs; however, there is no completely effective vaccine.

3. All strains can be treated with modern drugs, and there is an effective vaccine.

4. Malaria has been eradicated by control of the Anopheles mosquito.

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Which of the following diseases does the animallike protist known as Entamoeba

cause?1. malaria

2. African sleeping sickness

3. amebic dysentery

4. potato blight

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A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from

1. contaminated water supplies.

2. infection by the animallike protist Giardia.

3. the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.

4. the bite of the tsetse fly.

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Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight?

1. cilium and fucoxanthin

2. chlorophyll and accessory pigments

3. phycobilin and flagellum

4. oogonium and antheridium

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As sunlight passes through sea water, the sea water

1. absorbs large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.

2. reflects large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.

3. absorbs large amounts of blue wavelengths.

4. none of the above

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What effect did the evolution of different forms of chlorophyll in algae have?

1. a decrease in the range of depths at which algae can live

2. an increase in the range of depths at which algae can live

3. no effect on the range of depths at which algae can live

4. a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of algae

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To which phylum of unicellular plantlike algae do the diatoms belong?

1. Euglenophyta

2. Bacillariophyta

3. Chrysophyta

4. Pyrrophyta

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Euglenas have an intricate, folded cell membrane called a(an)

1. cell wall.

2. trichocyst.

3. eyespot.

4. pellicle.

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Which of the statements is true about dinoflagellates?

1. They contain bright yellow pigments.

2. They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

3. Many species are luminescent.

4. They possess pillbox-shaped cell walls of silica.

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What do the members of the phylum Pyrrophyta have in common with many of the members of the phylum Chrysophyta?

1. They have cell walls of cellulose.

2. They have cell walls of silica.

3. They have pellicles.

4. They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

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A bloom is

1. the clouding of water by sewage.

2. an enormous mass of algae.

3. a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral.

4. none of the above

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The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the

ocean is called1. chrysophytes.

2. pyrophytes.

3. phytoplankton.

4. diatoms.

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Which organism would most likely be present in a water sample collected during a

red tide?1. Tridacna

2. Euglenophyta

3. Gonyaulax

4. diatoms

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Which phylum causes the red tide that infects shellfish with a toxin?

1. Chrysophyta

2. Euglenophyta

3. Bacillariophyta

4. Pyrrophyta

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An example of a multicellular green alga is

1. Ulva.

2. Chlamydomonas.

3. Volvox.

4. Fucus.

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What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae?

1. cell wall composition

2. photosynthetic pigments

3. multicellularity

4. all of the above

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Red algae lack flagella and

1. nuclei.

2. centrioles.

3. accessory pigments.

4. chlorophyll.

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The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed at great depths is

1. Chlorophyta.

2. Rhodophyta.

3. Phaeophyta.

4. none of the above

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Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life

cycle in a process known as1. alternation of

generations.

2. fusion of opposite mating types.

3. sexual reproduction.

4. asexual reproduction.

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The green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by producing

1. gametophytes.

2. sporophytes.

3. zygotes.

4. zoospores.

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In the life cycle of the green alga Ulva, one of the phases produces male and female

gametes known as1. sporophytes.

2. gametophytes.

3. spores.

4. zoospores.

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An argument that does NOT support the classification of multicellular green algae as

plants is that multicellular green algae1. have highly specialized

tissues.

2. live primarily in water.

3. display alternation of generations.

4. contain chlorophyll a, which makes them green.

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Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our

planet?1. They are rich in vitamin C.

2. They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems.

3. They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.

4. They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes, and paints.

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Some products derived from algae include

1. drugs for stomach ulcers and high blood pressure.

2. thickeners for food.

3. chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants.

4. all of the above

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Which of the following is algae’s most important contribution to humans?

1. as a source for industrial chemicals

2. as a source for medicinal drugs

3. as a photosynthesizer

4. as a direct food source for humans

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Which of the following groups includes only funguslike protists?

1. cellular slime molds, brown algae, water molds

2. cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, water molds

3. cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, animallike protists

4. cellular slime molds, fungi, water molds

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Funguslike protists get nutrients by

1. photosynthesis.

2. living as an animal parasite.

3. absorbing them from dead or decaying matter.

4. none of the above

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Which type of protist is likely to be found in a damp, nutrient-rich environment?

1. a single-celled alga

2. an animallike protist

3. a funguslike protist

4. all of the above

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The funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water, some of

which are plant parasites on land, are1. water molds.

2. acellular slime molds.

3. cellular slime molds.

4. true fungi.

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When the amoebalike cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they form structures with many

nuclei called1. plasmodia.

2. zoosporangia.

3. spores.

4. filaments.

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In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the

1. migrating colony.

2. sporangium.

3. antheridium and oogonium.

4. zoosporangium.

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What structure of an acellular slime mold is analogous to the colony of cellular slime

molds?1. sporangium

2. germinating spore

3. zygote

4. plasmodium

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Protists that break down organic material include the

1. funguslike protists.

2. animallike protists.

3. plantlike protists.

4. none of the above

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The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the

quality of1. salt water.

2. fresh water.

3. topsoil.

4. potato crops.

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What kinds of weather conditions might cause a farmer to worry about infection by

Phytophthora infestans?1. warm and dry

2. cool and dry

3. warm and wet

4. cool and wet

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A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a(an)

1. cellular slime mold.

2. acellular slime mold.

3. water mold.

4. none of the above

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Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely

cause would be contaminated drinking water. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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The type of chlorophyll most efficient at capturing red and violet light is chlorophyll a.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Euglenas have cell walls composed of silica and shaped like the two sides of a pillbox.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tides. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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A high level of certain toxins found in filter feeders, such as clams, may be a sign that an algal bloom

has occurred. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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The brown accessory pigment found in brown algae is phycobilin.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Members of the phylum Rhodophyta contain the accessory pigment phycobilin.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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The life cycles of many algae include both a diploid and a haploid generation. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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Dried Porphyran, called nori in Japanese, is a green alga.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Funguslike protists are autotrophs. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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Slime molds are funguslike protists that play key roles in recycling organic matter.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Slime molds and water molds are important decomposers.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Unlike many others in the same phylum, the spores of the Myxomycota that caused potato blight in nineteenth-century

Ireland are airborne. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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Eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi are

considered ____________________.

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In one system of classification, an animallike protist species that obtains nutrition by external digestion, as do

mushrooms and molds, is called a(an) ____________________ protist.

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Animallike protists that use structures called ____________________ for movement and for feeding are members of the phylum Sarcodina.

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The phylum of animallike protists often referred to as _________________________ have a name that reflects

the fact that they use flagella for movement.

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The sporozoan Plasmodium, carried from host to host by mosquitoes, causes ____________________, a very

serious infectious disease.

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In the human body, Plasmodium first infects liver cells, then ____________________

cells, causing them to burst.

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Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy of

____________________.

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Empty protistan shells composed of pectin and containing an oily residue most likely once belonged to members of

the phylum _________________________.

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Many members of the phylum Pyrrophyta, which are also referred to as

_________________________, are luminescent.

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Red algae contain reddish accessory pigments as well as _________________________, one type

of chlorophyll.

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In Ulva, the haploid reproductive cells are called spores; these are analogous to the

____________________ of Chlamydomonas.

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Because algae undergo ________________________, they produce

much of Earth’s atmospheric oxygen.

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Funguslike protists are ____________________ that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying

organic matter.

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Close examination of a colony of individuals of the phylum Acrasiomycota would reveal that they retain their

____________________, unlike organisms of the phylum Myxomycota.

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The funguslike protists that cause several serious plant diseases, including mildews and blights of grapes and

tomatoes, are the ____________________.

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In the six-kingdom system of classification, protists compose a single kingdom. Describe an alternate

view of this classification.

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How do sporozoans differ from other protists in terms of movement?

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Explain the importance of the animallike protist Trichonympha to the termites in

which it grows.

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What is the function of chlorophyll and accessory pigments in algae?

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What is the advantage to algae of having forms of chlorophyll other than chlorophyll

a?

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How does the phylum name of dinoflagellates relate to their characteristics?

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Why are euglenas well adapted to conditions of varying light intensities?

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What is phytoplankton?

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To what features in plants are the holdfast, stipes, and blades of a brown algae similar? How does a

brown algae remain upright in the water?

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Compare the structure and function of the diploid sporophyte to the haploid

gametophyte in the multicellular alga, Ulva.

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What are two human uses of algae?

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How are funguslike protists similar to fungi?

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What are slime molds? What are water molds?

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What is the primary difference between cellular slime molds and acellular slime

molds?

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What type of organism caused the destruction of much of the potato crops of

1845 and 1846 in Ireland?

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Identify and briefly explain the process by which paramecia exchange genetic material

between individuals.

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Identify the cause and symptoms of African sleeping sickness, and explain how it is

spread.

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How do accessory pigments differ in function from chlorophyll, and how do they affect the appearance of

algae and the depths at which algae can grow?

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Describe the appearance of a typical euglena and explain how it moves through

water.

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Explain the role of unicellular algae in the aquatic food chain, and predict the effects of the sudden death of a significant portion of existing populations of unicellular

algae.

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Compare the structure of the colonial alga Volvox with that of Ulva, a true multicellular

alga.

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Describe the structure of the diploid zygote of Chlamydomonas, and explain under what conditions it

forms and the adaptive advantage of the process of zygote formation.

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Why is it difficult to classify cellular slime molds as unicellular or multicellular?

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Contrast the asexual and sexual phases in the life cycle of a water mold.

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What might be the end result in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems if all decomposers—including slime molds and water molds—no longer existed?