(12) Oil Tanker Systems

8/13/2019 (12) Oil Tanker Systems

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Oil tanker systems


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Oil tanker systems Pumpsmain, stripping

Pipelinesring main, direct & free flowsystem, stripping line

Manifolds

Cargo heating system

Crude Oil Washing (COW)

Inert Gas system Segregated Ballast Tanks

Double Hull vessels


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SHORE LOADING ARMS


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Inert Gas Systems

Inert Gas Systems

Today, all tankers are required to have inert gas systems.These systems maintain an inert atmosphere in the cargotanks to deplete oxygen which support combustion.

During cargo operations, inert gas is pumped into the cargotanks. The inert gas is either manufactured by an inert gasgenerator or is cleaned flue gas from the tankers boiler.

No tanker should be allowed to operate without a properlyfunctioning inert gas system. Tanker explosions have beenpractically eliminated since inert gas systems have beenintroduced.


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Tank Cleaning method:

There are three ways of cleaning tanks

Bottom flushing with water, petroleum product or

chemical solvent

Water washing (hot or cold) employing tank-

washing machinery

Crude oil washing (COW)


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COW

Crude Oil Washing

A process to assist in the control ofhydrocarbon being discharged to the sea.

When the tanker is being discharged, thecrude oil cargo is pumped through a fixedcleaning system that washes the cargo tankswith crude and minimizes the amount of oilresidue and wax clinging to the tanks surfaces.


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The advantages

that tank cleaning at sea is avoided, with less

likelihood of accidental pollution;

less tank corrosion is experienced than from water

washing;

increased carrying capacity is available for the next

cargo; full tank drainage is achieved;

time saved gas freeing for dry dock periods.


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Disadvantages

crew workload, which is increased at the port of

discharge;

discharge time is increased;

it has a high installation cost and maintenance cost

are increased, while crew need special training

with operational aspects.



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CRUDE OIL CARGO CARE

It would be normal practice that, though the

period of the voyage, regular checks are made

on the tank ullage values and the

temperatures of all tanks.

Empty tanks and cofferdams, together with

pump rooms, should be sounded daily to

ensure no leakage is apparent.


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THANK YOU.

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(12) Oil Tanker Systems