1.2 HS railway principles - cvut.czvrt.fd.cvut.cz/data/konference/16p.pdf · 1 High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007 High speed railway principles

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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007

High speed railway principles

Ignacio Barrón de Angoiti,Director High Speed, International Railway Association (UIC)

Professional Conference on High SpeedIn the World and in the Czech Republic

Praha, 14 November 2007


Agenda

High Speed Rail principlesSome facts & figures about High SpeedImpact in trafficsHigh Speed and the environmentHigh Speed Rail is safetyThe costs of the high speedConcluding remarks

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High Speed Rail principles


High Speed Rail: Definitions and requirements

• “High Speed” signifies at least 250 km/h

• Operating at more than 200 km/h requires:- special trains (train sets)- special dedicated lines- in cab signalling

• Upgraded existing lines and “classic” trains(locomotive + cars) enable to operate up toabout 200 km/h

• We can also say “High Performances”

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Understanding High Speed Rail

A High Speed Railway is a (very complex) system, comprised by state of the art:

- Infrastructure - Station emplacement- Rolling Stock - Operation rules- Signalling systems - Marketing- Maintenance systems - Financing- Management - …


HS performances for customers

- Commercial speed - Total time of travel- Frequency - Reliability- Accessibility - Price- Comfort - Safety- “Freedom” - …

4


Time travel (hrs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Paris - Amsterdam

Paris - Brussels

Paris - Marseille

Paris - Stuttgart

Köln - Frankfurt

Madrid - Seville

Madrid - Barcelone

Rome - Milano

Rome - Naples

█ Before HS █ After HS

Some examples of evolution of time travel


• Offers high capacity of transport - Up to 300,000 passengers per day- Reduce traffic congestion

• Helps economic development• High Speed Rail promotes logical territory

structure and helps contain urban sprawl• Respects the environment:

- Efficient use of land (1/3 motorway)- Energy efficiency (x 9 planes / x 4 cars)

HS advantages for Society

5


HS increases capacity

• Introduces more capacity in the transport system:- New HS line capacity +- Released capacity in classic lines

• But the capacity of new HS lines is very variable


• Many different commercial concepts of HS(including services to customers, marketing, etc.)

• Many different types of operation(maximum speed, stops, etc.)

• Different ways to operate classic trains(in particular impact on freight traffic)

Different concept of HS

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Density of population

Concepts:«Corridor»

&«Tunnel»


Some facts & figures about High Speed

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Some figures about High Speed

World network (V > 250 km/h) = 9.430 kmAlmost 1.300 high speed trains set in operationWorld speed record (in 2007): 574,8 km/hJapan: In 42 years = 4 Billion passengers

Up to 360.000 pass./day in Tokyo-OsakaNo fatalities during all this time at V > 200 km/h

France: In Nov. 2006, passenger 1,3 Billion in TGVEurope: Average annual growing traffic 10 % (pass.-km)Korea: More than 100.000 passengers per day

(50 % rail traffic)


Evolution of maximum speed on rails

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

Maximum speed in tests

Maximum speed in operation

Km/h

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

2011

2014

2017

2020

2023

Average: 187 km / year

Average: 554 km / year

Km of High Speed Lines - Expectations in Europe


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

Evolution of total World high speed networkkm

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Evolution of World high speed network

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

T otal

Europe

Asia

km


High Speed Rolling Stock - Situation in the World

In June 2007, at the World level,1.290 HS train sets in operation (V > 250 km/h):• Europe: 800 (1.355 HS train sets if V>200 km/h)

• Japan: 330• Korea: 50• China: 60 • China Taiwan: 30• USA: 20

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Forecasting evolution World high speed train sets

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

2 007 2 025


High Speed impact on traffics

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Effects in modal split

Before Thalys After Thalys

24

50

61

43

78

25

CoachPlaneCarTrain

All modesParis - Brussels (320 km / 1h25min.)


Before AVE After AVE

33

84

67

16

Plane

Train

Train / planeMadrid - Seville (471 km / 2h15 min.)

Effects in modal split

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FSC22%

LCC7%

Eurostar71%

Efect of “Low Cost” air companies

París – London (2h 40min.)


0

25

50

75

100

1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5

Rai

l mar

ket s

hare

(%)

Par

is -

Bru

ssel

s 31

0 km

Rome - Milan 560 km

Mad

rid -

Sev

ille

471

km

Par

is -

Lyon

s 43

0 km

Paris - Amsterdam 540 km

Rom

e - B

olog

na 3

58 k

m

Tokyo - Osaka 515 km

Stockholm - Gotenburg 455 km

Rail travel time (hours)

Paris - London 494 km

Curve of the rail / air modal split(distances between 300 and 600 km)

% HS

% Plane

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High Speed Traffic - Evolution in Europe

24,8

8,9

27,2

9,3

30,6

3,6

10,2

32,2

4,4

11,6

34,7

5,1

13,9

37,4

6,8

15,5

2,22,4

39,9

7,1

15,3

2,42,5

39,6

7,4

17,5

2,42,5

41,5

7,9

19,6

2,42,7

42,7

8,6

20,9

2,32,3

44,0

8,9

21,6

2,53,7

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

Billi

ons

PK

m

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

CP 0,5

CD 0,1

SBB 0,3

NSB 0,1

NS 0,7

VR 0,3

SNCB 1,0

RENFE

SJ

DB

FS

SNCF

Total EuropeEvolution %

42,313%

37,414%

48,615%

52,78%

59,413%

71,13%

68,74%

75,97%

79,74%

65,911%

846%


High Speed and the environment

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Some ratios on land occupancy in Germany:• High speed line Hanover - Würzburg 3,0 ha/km• High speed line Mannheim - Stuttgart 4,0 ha/km• Average 3,2 ha/km• Average motorways 9,3 ha/km

Parallel layout with a motorway:• Paris - Lyon 60 km• Paris - Lille 135 km• Cologne – Frankfurt 140 km

Land occupancy


HS Line Paris – Lille (TGV Nord)

Parallel layouts

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HS Line Cologne - Frankfurt

Parallel layouts


HS Railway MotorwayDouble track 2 x 3 lanes

25 m 75 m12 trains per hour & direction 4.500 cars per hour & direction

666 passengers / train 1,7 passengers / carCapacity = 8.000 passengers / hour Capacity = 7.650 passengers / hour

Comparisons in land occupancy

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180 170

106

90

52,5

HST Fasttrain

Commutertrain

Regionalrain

54,1

39

20

Bus P. car Plane

Pkm/KepSource: SNCF, ADEME, 1997

1 kwh = 0,086 Kep

Energy Efficiency - Passenger


Primary Energy and CO2 Emission

76

2,5

14

4

HS Trains Private cars Plane

Primary energy in litres ofpetrol per 100 passengers-km

Amount of carbon dioxidemissions per 100passengers-km

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In a medium distance corridor (400 - 500 km)10 flight per day represents the emission of6.700 t. of CO2 per year to the atmosphere

CO2 emissions


48

20

38

87

0

25

50

75

100

Private car Bus Rail AirSource: INFRAS/IWW 3/2000

Upstream process

Urban effects

Landscape

Climate change

Air pollution

Noise

Accidents

Without congestion Passenger Traffic 1995

Average External Costs

Euro / 1000 Pkm

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High Speed Rail is safety


Passengers killed per 1 billion Passenger-kilometres

1,541,63

1,87

2,33

1,50 1,43

1,09

1,29

1,11

1,00

0,83

0,650,69

0,98

1,241,18

1,39

1,10

0,79

0,65

0,92

0,56

0,47

0,40

0,38

0,36

0,42

0,22

0,38

0,30

0,70

0,51

1,99

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

High Speed Rail

Classic railways

Evolution of Railway Safety in EU

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The costs of High Speed

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• High Speed requires significant investment, including public funding

• Consequently, need detailed studies on traffic forecasting, costs and benefits• Examine all impacts, positive and negative(including calculating costs of not doing it)

Funding/Calculating Costs


Minimum costs in Europe

Construction of 1 km of new HSL: 12 M €Maintenance of 1 km of new HSL: 70.000 € / year

Cost of an HS train (350 places): 20 M €Maintenance of a HS train: 1 M € / year(2 € / km - 500 000 km / train & year)

Magnitude Costs of HS systems

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• High Speed costs are generally paid with public funds (Japan, Europe, Korea)• The trend is to share funds and responsibilities between different public entities (French TGV)• In some cases, private funding can be attracted for part of total investment• PPP (Spain – France link) or BOT (Taiwan) are two possibilities to combine public and private resources:

- Private obtains ROI- Public ensures social benefits

Funding Costs


Definition of max. speedand performances

Standardisation

Knowledgeof High Speed Systems

& Elements Low CostHigh SpeedRail System

Financing Market procedures

Key elements to reduce costs

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Concluding remarks


• High Speed is an highly beneficial transport system for Society

• High Speed is a “complex system” and its conception is not unique; it must be adapted to each case and each country

• High Speed always needs public funds (at least, public guarantee)

Concluding remarks

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• World Congress in HS (“Eurailspeed”):Next one The Netherlands, 17 – 18 Mars 2008

• “Training in HS Systems”:Next one 16 to 21 June 2008

UIC High Speed activities


For more information, commentaries and proposals:

Iñaki Barrón de AngoitiDirector High SpeedUnion Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC)

[email protected]

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Thank you very muchfor your attention

Documents

1.2 HS railway principles - cvut.czvrt.fd.cvut.cz/data/konference/16p.pdf · 1 High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007 High speed railway principles