Word POS Meaning Sentence1 aboriginal noun relating to the original people or animals of a place Her studies of the primitive art forms of aboriginal Australians were widely reported.2 abyss noun a very deep hole that seems to have no bottom Ahead of the divers was a gaping abyss.3 accession noun the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power The accession of the new king was marked by much celebration.4 accusation noun a charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong I don’t want to make an accusation until I have some proof.5 acquisition noun  an asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum The museum added a new acquisition to its Gandhara collection.6 acrophobia noun fear of heights I cannot go skydiving because I suffer from acrophobia.

7 acupressure nouna form of alternative therapy in which manual pressure is used to stimulate specific points on the body along what are considered to be lines of energy. Acupressure is used to relieve a variety of aches and pains.

8 adaptation noun the action or process of adapting or being adapted This film is an adaptation of a novel.9 addictive adjective (of a substance or activity) causing or likely to cause someone to become addicted to it The number game sudoko can become rather addictive .

10 adjacent adjective next to or adjoining something else The dining room is adjacent to the kitchen.11 adjudicate verb make a formal judgement on a disputed matter The tribunal's function is to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees.12 adulterate verb render (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance I will not adulterate my essay by copying from others.13 adventurous adjective willing to take risks or to try out new methods, ideas, or experiences Only an adventurous explorer can brave the arctic ice solo.14 advisory adjective giving advice The advisory committee suggested evacuating the area to avoid the hurricane.

15 aerobatics pl nounloops , rolls , and other feats of spectacular flying performed in one or more aircraft to entertain an audience on the ground The aerobatics team of fighter jets performed spectacular stunts.

16 aerodynamics pl nounthe study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it Improved aerodynamics in the new race car model will increase its performance.

17 aggrandizement noun increase the power , status, or wealth of His sole aim is personal aggrandisement.18 aggregate noun  a whole formed by combining several separate elements An aggregate rock is a mixture of mineral fragments and crystals.19 aggrieved adjective feeling resentment at having been unfairly treated The students were aggrieved at being wrongfully punished.20 alternative adjective one of two or more choices Travelling by train is an alternative to using a car.21 aluminium noun the chemical element of atomic number 13, a light silvery-grey metal Being made of aluminium, this urn is light and shiny.22 amphitheatre noun a semicircular seating gallery in a theatre The school staged a play in the amphitheatre.23 ancestry noun  one's family or ethnic descent His family ancestry has been traced back to the tenth century.24 android noun (in science fiction) a robot with a human appearance An android is an automaton made to resemble a human.25 antioxidant noun a substance that inhibits oxidation Vitamin E is an antioxidant used in cosmetics to prevent ageing.26 antipathy noun a feeling of strong dislike She made no attempt to hide her feelings of antipathy.27 antiquated adjective old-fashioned or outdated Such antiquated notions will not work in these modern times.28 appetizer noun a small dish of food or a drink taken before the main course of a meal to stimulate one's appetite We started off with an appetizer of chicken rolls before the main dish.29 aquamarine noun a precious stone consisting of a light bluish-green variety of bery Aquamarine is my birthstone.30 articulation noun  the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech Precise articulation is required for debating.31 assignation noun an appointment to meet someone in secret, typically one made by lovers She contacted him and arranged a secret assignation.32 assurance noun a positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise I give you my full assurance that the work will be done on time.33 bedazzle verb greatly impress (someone) with outstanding ability She is sure to bedazzleeveryone with her musical talent.34 bedraggled adjective dishevelled He combed his bedraggled hair.35 beleaguer verb lay siege to The general ordered his forces to beleaguer the weakened enemy until they surrendered.36 besought verb past and past participle of beseech We besought the authorities to come to our assistance.37 beverage noun (chiefly in commercial use) a drink other than water I would like to drink a hot beverage.38 bewilderment noun cause (someone) to become perplexed and confused His announcement made me stare at him in bewilderment.39 bilateral adjective  having or relating to two sides ; affecting both sides India and Pakistan signed a bilateral agreement to work on a solution for Kashmir.40 binoculars pl noun an optical instrument with a lens for each eye, used for viewing distant objects Ali used his binoculars to see the distant mountains.41 biodiversity noun the variety of plant and animal life in the world Biodiversity of flora and fauna in the rainforest is truly vast.42 biosphere noun the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth or another planet occupied by living organisms Biosphere is the zone on earth where life naturally occurs.43 bombardier noun a rank of non-commissioned officer in certain artillery regiments, equivalent to corporal The soldier is a bombardier in the artillery regiment.44 bonsai noun the art of growing ornamental, artificially dwarfed varieties of trees and shrubs in pots Careful pruning and watering is needed for indoor bonsai plants.45 brethren pl noun fellow Christians or members of a male religious order The brethren of the religious order follow a vow of silence.

46 bruise nounan injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels He fell and got a bruise on his arm.

47 bulldoze verb clear (ground ) or destroy (buildings, trees, etc.) with a bulldozer At the construction site they will bulldoze the building.48 bullion noun gold or silver in bulk before coining, or valued by weight The gold bullion is in the form of bars and coins.49 bulwark noun a defensive wall A bulwark is also made to break the impact of waves before a harbour.50 buttress noun  a structure of stone or brick built against a wall to strengthen or support it A stone buttress supported the crumbling wall.51 bystander noun a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part A bystander witnessed the accident.52 cache noun a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place A cache of food items was found hidden in the cave.53 cackle verb of a bird, especially a hen or goose) give a raucous clucking cry A cackle of wild geese was heard as they flew by.54 caliper noun an instrument for measuring external or internal dimensions Calliper is adjustable and can be reset to measure different dimensions. 55 camphor noun a white substance with a strong smell, used in medicine I put satches of camphor in my wardrobe to keep insects away.56 canister noun a round or cylindrical container used for storing such things as food, chemicals, or rolls of film The canister of sugar was left open and ants got into it.

57 capacitor nouna device used to store an electric charge , consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator A capacitor is used in power supplies such as amplifiers.

58 capitulate verb cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; yield I decided to capitulate to his demand for the iPhone.59 cardiogram noun a record of muscle activity within the heart made by a cardiograph A cardiogram is used in the diagnoses of heart disorders.60 cardiovascular adjective relating to the heart and blood vessels A healthy diet is necessary to keep the cardiovascular system functioning normally.

61 carnation nouna double-flowered cultivated variety of clove pink, with grey-green leaves and showy pink, white, or red flowers She was presented a carnation bouquet.

62 cashew noun an edible kidney-shaped nut, rich in oil and protein I could not resist eating all the cashew nuts in the bowl.63 categorical adjective unambiguously explicit and direct He has issued a categorical denial of his involvement in the plan.64 cauldron noun a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over an open fire The wicked witch made rabbit stew in her big black cauldron.65 ceiling noun the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment The fan has to be fitted to the ceiling.66 chloroform noun a colourless, volatile, sweet-smelling liquid used as a solvent and formerly as a general anaesthetic Chloroform was once widely used in human surjery.

67 chrysanthemum nouna plant of the daisy family with brightly coloured ornamental flowers, existing in many cultivated varieties

Chrysanthemum is known to be the queen of flowers.68 circumscribe verb restrict (something) within limits They will circumscribe the garden with a fence.69 classification noun the action or process of classifying something In classification systemtic grouping of organisms is done.70 cleanse verb make (something, especially the skin) thoroughly clean I will cleanse my face with liquid soap.

71 closure nounn act or process of closing something, especially an institution, thoroughfare, or frontier, or of being closed

The government forced the closure of the factory.72 cognitive adjective relating to cognition His cognitive powers became impaired and he could not remember details.73 collegiate adjective belonging or relating to a college or its students He is a collegiate athlete.74 colonialism noun the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country A classic example of colonialism is the control of India by Britain from the 18th century to 1947.75 columnist noun a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper or magazine The columnist wrote about the festival in his column.76 combative adjective ready or eager to fight or argue He was in a combative mood and argued with all.77 commemorate verb recall and show respect for (someone or something) This monument was built to commemorate the war hero.78 commendable adjective deserving praise Your test score is commendable.79 commercialism noun emphasis on the maximizing of profit Growing commercialism is causing new shopping malls to be built.80 commercialize verb manage or exploit (an organization, activity, etc.) in a way designed to make a profit Commercialize this product by advertising.81 commotion noun a state of confused and noisy disturbance There was commotion in class when the teacher was absent.82 comparatively adverb to a moderate degree as compared to something else; relatively Comparatively speaking, flossing is better than using a dental stick.83 conceivable adjective capable of being imagined or grasped mentally It is conceivable that difficulties will arise by your action.84 concrete noun existing in a material or physical form ; not abstract We have concrete evidence that he is indeed the culprit.85 condolence noun an expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of the death of a person's relative or close friend I offered condolence on the demise of her grandparent.86 constellation noun a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern  The orion constellation was visible in the night sky.87 contemptible adjective deserving contempt; despicable Hurting her feelings like that was a contemptible thing to do.88 continuation noun the action of carrying something on over time or the state of being carried on The continuation of crime in the city is alarming.89 continuous adjective forming an unbroken whole; without interruption The child continuous questioning about the movie was annoying the audience. 90 contour noun an outline representing or bounding the shape or form of something The contour of the lake was visible from the plane.91 contributory adjective  playing a part in bringing something about Negligence is a contributory factor to bad health.92 contrive verb create or bring about (an object or a situation) by deliberate use of skill and artifice I will contrive ways of helping out.93 convincing adjective capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real It was a convincing story and everyone believed her.94 convocation noun a large formal assembly of people, in particular She was awarded a degree at the convocation ceremony.95 convoy noun a group of ships or vehicles travelling together A convoy of trucks delivered aid to the refugees.96 coriander noun an aromatic Mediterranean plant of the parsley family I garnished the vegetables with green coriander.97 crinkle noun form into small surface creases or wrinkles His nose will crinckle in disgust at the smell.98 cumulative adjective increasing or increased in quantity, degree , or force by successive additions The cumulative dosage caused the fever to subside.99 cypress noun an evergreen coniferous tree with small rounded woody cones and flattened shoots Branches of the cypress are also used as a symbol of mourning.

100 dandelion noun a widely distributed weed of the daisy family Dandelion leaves and petals are used to make a herbal tea.101 decibel noun a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound The high decibel auditory effect of the speakers was annoying.102 decipher verb convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal language I could not decipher the doctor's handwriting.103 declamation noun the action or art of declaiming Her declamation of the poem was beautifully clear.

104 demography noun

the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, etc which illustrate the changing structure of human

populations

In order to complete the survey it is essential to include information regarding demography.

105 deplorable adjective deserving strong condemnation; completely unacceptable The bombing was a deplorable act of violence.106 desalination noun remove salt from (seawater) The desalination of sea water makes it drinkable.107 designation noun the action of choosing someone to hold an office or post He will be given the designation of supervisor.108 devastate verb destroy or ruin Floods will devastate the cotton fields.109 devitalize verb deprive of strength and vigour The disease will devitalize his immune system.110 diaphanous adjective (especially of fabric) light, delicate, and translucent The veil was made of diaphanous white silk.111 dishevelled adjective (of a person's hair, clothes, or appearance) untidy; disordered He appeared dishevelled and unshaven .112 disintegration noun the process of losing cohesion or strength Disintegration of the law and order has caused crimes to rise.113 dismantle verb take (a machine or structure) to pieces I will dismantle the furniture before moving it.114 disposition noun a person's inherent qualities of mind and character She is of a quiet disposition and does not like to attract attention.115 dowager noun a widow with a title or property derived from her late husband It was an honor to meet dowager duchess of Norfolk116 drastically adverb likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme Government funding to schools has been drastically reduced.117 dynamic adjective (of a person) positive in attitude and full of energy and new ideas The leader has a dynamic personality.118 dynamometer noun an instrument which measures the power output of an engine Dynamometer testing of car engines should be done.119 echelon noun  a level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society The highest echelon is only reached by hard work.120 ecosphere noun the biosphere of the earth or other planet Ecosphere comprises of the regions where life can exist.121 efflorescent adjective (of a substance) lose moisture and turn to a fine powder on exposure to air Efflorescent whitish powder is seen on brick walls.122 effusive adjective showing or expressing gratitude, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner Effusive praise was showered on the paricipants.123 egocentric adjective thinking only of oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centred This egocentricattitude will leave you friendless.124 electrocute verb injure or kill (someone) by electric shock The exposed electric wires can electrocute someone.125 elixir noun a magical or medicinal potion No magical elixer exists that can stop ageing.126 embargo noun  an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country A trade imbargo has been imposed on the country.

127 embrocation noun a liquid used for rubbing on the body to relieve pain from sprains and strains Embrocationshould not be used on sensitive or broken skin.128 emigration noun the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad Emigration procedures can take a long time to finalise.129 eminent adjective of a person) famous and respected within a particular sphere He is an eminent architect.130 emission noun the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation Emission of radiation from the nuclear plant is alarming.131 empathize verb understand and share the feelings of another I can really emphatize with the earthquake affected people.132 emphasize verb give special importance or value to (something) in speaking or writing I can only emphasize the importance of a sympathetic attitude.133 emphatic adjective  expressing something forcibly and clearly He responded to my question in an immediate and emphatic manner.134 emporium noun a large retail store selling a wide variety of goods At the furniture emporium she got everything she wanted.

135 emulsion nouna fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible

The emulsion paint gave the walls a glossy finish.136 encyclopedic adjective  comprehensive in terms of information His knowledge of history is encyclopaedic.137 endorse verb declare one's public approval or support of Endorse your support for the candidate by attending the meeting.138 endoscopy noun an instrument which can be introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts Endoscopy of the alimentary canal was done.139 endowment noun  the action of endowing something or someone She made an endowment to the charity organization.140 engulf verb (of a natural force ) sweep over (something) so as to surround or cover it completely Flames will soon engulf the entire building.141 enliven verb make (something) more entertaining, interesting, or appealing They should enliven the party with music.142 ensnare verb catch in or as in a trap He tried to ensnare the mouse in a trap.143 epicentre noun the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake The epicentre of the earthquake was in the sea.144 epilepsy noun a neurological disorder Epilepsy is characterised by sudden seizures.145 episode noun an event or a group of events occurring as part of a sequence Their fight was quite a sordid episode.146 equatorial adjective of, at, or near the equator Equatorial rainforests are disappearing fast.147 equivalent adjective equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc One dirham is equivalent to twenty three rupees.148 ergonomics pl noun the study of people's efficiency in their working environment Office furniture should be redesigned for better ergonomics.149 eventuality noun a possible event or outcome Precautions must be taken against any unforseen eventuality.150 exceptional adjective unusual; not typical The actor was praised for his exceptional performance in the film.151 excessive adjective more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate Excessive rainfall has been predicted for this season.152 exclusion noun the process of excluding or the state of being excluded He was disappointed at his exclusion from the picnic.153 exclusive adjective excluding or not admitting other things This club is exclusive for members only.154 excursion noun a short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity A holiday excursion is being planned for next month.155 exemplary adjective serving as a desirable model; very good The teenager impressed everyone by his exemplary behaviour.156 expenditure noun the action of spending funds Building a house involves considerable expenditure.157 extinction noun the state or process of being or becoming extinct The snow leopard is facing extinction.158 extricate verb free (someone or something) from a constraint or difficulty159 extrovert noun an outgoing, socially confident person As an extrovert she makes friends wherever she goes.160 familiarize verb give (someone) knowledge or understanding of something You must try to familarize yourself to the new environment.161 fantasize verb indulge in daydreaming about something desired I fantasize about being a superhero.162 financier noun a person in the management of large amounts of money on behalf of governments or organizations The financier provided the funds required to start construction.163 flaunt verb display (something) ostentatiously, especially in order to provoke envy or admiration164 fractionize verb divide (someone or something) into separate groups or parts I will have to fractionize the course material into smaller portions.165 fractious adjective (typically of children) irritable and quarrelsome He is a fractious child who needs to be deciplined.166 fragile adjective (of an object) easily broken or damaged167 fraught adjective (of a situation or course of action) filled with (something undesirable) This situation is fraught with danger.168 freighter noun a large ship or aircraft designed to carry goods in bulk The freighter carrying the shipment is due in port today.169 fruition noun the realization or fulfilment of a plan or project This book is the fruition of years of research.170 functional adjective of or having a special activity, purpose, or task Our website is fully functional now.171 functionary noun a person who has to perform official functions or duties; an official A high police functionary is in charge of security.172 fundamental adjective forming a necessary base or core; of central importance173 furiously adverb extremely angry She furiously shouted at him to leave the house.174 gadget noun a small mechanical device or tool, especially an ingenious or novel one175 galvanometer noun an instrument for detecting and measuring small electric currents A sensitive galvanometer will measure a weak current also.176 gaseous adjective relating to or having the characteristics of a gas A gaseous pollutant is causing breathing problems.177 gazillion a very large number or quantity (used for emphasis) A gazillion of stars lit up the desert sky.178 genuinely adverb truly what something is said to be ; authentic I am genuinely interested in painting and want to go to art school.179 glamorize verb make (something) seem glamorous or desirable, especially spuriously so She tried to glamourize her act by wearing lots of jewellery.180 graffiti pl noun writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place181 gravelly adjective  resembling, containing, or consisting of gravel The gravelly beach made walking difficult.182 grouse noun a medium to large game bird with a plump body and feathered legs  Red grouse are plump birds with reddish brown plumage183 guidance noun  advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty The plane landed safely under his expert guidance.184 hacksaw noun a saw with a narrow fine-toothed blade set in a frame , used especially for cutting metal A hacksaw has been used to cut the thick iron grill.185 hearsay noun information received from other people which cannot be substantiated; rumour Hearsay testimony is not admissible in a court of law.186 hibiscus noun a plant of the mallow family, grown in warm climates for its large brightly coloured flowers Hibiscus plants can beautify any garden.187 hippodrome noun  [as name ] a theatre or concert hall In ancient Rome chariot racing was done in a hippodrome.

188 homeopathic adjectivea system of complementary medicine in which ailments are treated by minute doses of natural substances

Homeopathic medicinecan be given to babies too.189 honeyed adjective (of food) containing or coated with honey Honeyed chicken wings were served with rice.190 honorable adjective bringing or deserving honour Teaching is an honorable profession.191 hoodwink verb deceive or trick Do not try to hoodwink me by lying.192 hubbub noun a chaotic din caused by a crowd of people During evening there is a big hubbub in the park.

193 humiliation noun the action of humiliating someone or the state of being humiliated He suffered much humiliation after his defeat in the election.194 hurricane noun a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean195 hyperactive adjective abnormally or extremely active He is a hyperactive child who is unable to sit still.196 hypertension noun abnormally high blood pressure Hypertension is usually caused by stress or anxiety.197 hyperthermia noun the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal Hyperthermia is caused by infection or head injury.198 idealize verb regard or represent as perfect or better than in reality Do not idealize her, she is far from perfect.199 immaterial adjective  unimportant under the circumstances; irrelevant It is immaterial whether the firing was accidental or not.200 immigration noun the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country Illegal immigration is on the rise as everyone wants to get away.201 immunization noun make (a person or animal) immune to infection, typically by inoculation Immunization against polio is done by oral drops of vaccine.202 imperceptible adjective so slight, gradual, or subtle as not to be perceived Even after turning on the air conditioner, there was only an imperceptible change in temperature.203 impoverish verb make (a person or area) poor Hospital bills will impoverish the family if no one helps it.204 impropriety noun failure to observe standards of honesty or modesty; improper behaviour or character His impropriety was noticed by one and all.205 inaccessible adjective  unable to be reached Medical camps were set up in inaccessible areas.206 inaccurate adjective not accurate She gave me a horribly inaccurate description of the match between India and Pakistan.207 incant verb chant or intone Harry Potter began to incant a spell to levitate his broom.208 inconvenient adjective causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort Frequent load shedding causes a lot of inconvenience to the people.209 increment noun an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale Huma has got a 10 % increment in her salary.210 indeterminate adjective  not exactly known, established, or defined Mr Shah has gone into exile for an indeterminate period.211 inducement noun a thing that persuades or leads someone to do something We gave 5 % discount on all goods as an inducement to buyers.212 induction noun the action or process of inducting someone to a post or organization The government has stopped further induction of teachers in state run schools. 213 inestimable adjective too great to calculate The flood caused inestimable damage to life and property. 214 inexplicable adjective unable to be explained or accounted for She left the meeting for inexplicable reasons.215 inexplicit adjective not definitely or clearly expressed or explained Aftab's reasons for leaving the company are quite vague and inexplicit.216 inferior adjective  lower in rank, status, or quality Some of the goods produced in China are quite inferior in quality.217 inhibition noun a feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way She has no inhibitions about travelling alone at night.218 inimitable adjective so good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique Ms Haroon declared that Eman's drawings were inimitable.219 initialize verb set to the value or put in the condition appropriate to the start of an operation You have to initialize the document before we can begin the work.220 inopportune adjective occurring at an inconvenient or inappropriate time Shaheen always arrives at the most inapportune time.221 inscription noun a thing inscribed, as on a monument or in a book A clay tablet with a strange inscription has been found in a dig at Harappa.222 inscrutable adjective impossible to understand or interpret The note had an inscrutable mark in the centre.223 insignia noun a distinguishing badge or emblem of military rank, office , or membership of an organization The school insignia has been engraved on the main door.224 instability noun the state of being unstable; lack of stability Experts warn that soaring prices will lead to political instability in the country. 225 insusceptible adjective not likely to be affected, impressed or moved The police officer was insusseptible to all forms of bribery and flattery. 226 intellectual adjective relating to the intellect Asma is known for her intellectual abilities.227 interdependent adjective dependent on each other We live in an increasingly interdependent world.228 interdisciplinary adjective relating to more than one branch of knowledge Interdisciplinary courses were offered in philosophy and psychology.229 intermediary noun a person who acts as a link between people in order to try and bring about an agreement; a mediator He was appointed as intermediary at the meeting of the 2 warring leaders. 230 irrational adjective  not logical or reasonable His irrational behaviour surprised everyone.231 irrefutable adjective impossible to deny or disprove It is a irrefutable fact that tigers will soon be extinct from this planet.232 jargon noun special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand Although they were speaking in Urdu but their jargon was impossible to understand.233 jasmine noun A climbing plant which is popular as an ornamental and bears fragrant white, pink, or yellow flowers The fragrant smell of jasmine filled the room.234 jockey noun a person who rides in horse races , especially as a profession The winner of the race was a young jockey by the name of Gogo.235 kestrel noun a small falcon that hovers with rapidly beating wings while searching for prey on the ground The kestrel swooped down on its prey.236 kilowatt noun a measure of one thousand watts of electrical power In class we learnt that 1,000 watts is equal to 1 kilowatt.237 kimono noun a long, loose traditional Japanese robe with wide sleeves, tied with a sash Saba wore a lovely kimono to the fancy dress party238 labyrinthine adj (of a network) like a labyrinth; irregular and twisting Harry Potter went through the labyrinthine tunnel in search of his friends.239 laconic adj using very few words His laconic speech was over in two minutes.240 lamentable adj very bad; deplorable She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.241 legalize verb make (something that was previously illegal) permissible by law Some nations want to legalized the hunting of whales.242 lexicology noun the study of the form , meaning, and behaviour of words Her field is lexicology and her interest is in the origin of words.243 license noun grant a licence to I got my driving licence yesterday.244 ligature noun a thing used for tying or binding something tightly The ligature of the artery was done with skill.245 liquidizer noun a machine for liquidizing food or other material The next step in the recipe was to put the fruit in the liquidizer.246 locale noun a place where something happens or is set , or that has particular events associated with it The locale reminded her of her youth in old Lahore during the mid fifties.247 localize verb restrict (something) to a particular place The authorities did their best to localize the epedemic to stop it from spreading.248 magnetize verb give magnetic properties to The teacher showed us how to magnetize an iron bar.249 magnification noun the action of magnifying something or the process of being magnified Magnification of the document is required so that it can be read easily.250 magnitude noun the great size or extent of something The sheer magnitude of the task seemed overwhelming.251 malnutrition noun lack of proper nutrition There is poverty, disease and malnutrition in many parts of Africa.

252 manticore nouna mythical animal typically depicted as having the body of a lion, the head of a man, and the sting of a scorpion The historian aimed to document all known animals including the manticore.

253 marination noun soak (meat, fish, or other food) in a marinade The chef said that the chicken required marination for at least 5 hours.254 marvellous adj causing great wonder; extraordinary Lake Saiful Muluk is one of the most marvelous spots in the world.255 materialize verb become actual fact; happen Before Kazim's plans could materialize he ran out of money.256 materially adv [often as submodifier ] in a significant way; considerably Financially he is well off but emotionally he is not very stable.257 melodious adj relating to or characterized by melody Noor Jahan's melodious voice left the listeners spellbound.258 melodramatic adj characteristic of melodrama, especially in being exaggerated or overemotional The drama was too melodramatic for our taste but the music was good.259 merchandise noun goods to be bought and sold Sindbad bought merchandise in basra and sold it in Calicut.

260 methodically adv done according to a systematic or established procedure Each and every stage of the project has been carried out methodically.261 methodologically adv a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity After the data was analysed the report was found to be methodologically correct.262 metropolitan adj relating to or denoting a metropolis Karachi is a metropolitan city teeming with millions of people. 263 microcellular adj containing or made up of minute cells A virus is a microcellular organism which causes disease.264 microscopic adj so small as to be visible only with a microscope The ultrasound has detected a microscopic growth on his liver.265 monetarily adv relating to money or currency they arenot well off monetarily but are still willing to help the destitute girl.266 montessori noun a system of education for young children that seeks to develop natural interests She has decided to admit her child into a montessori school.267 nebulizer noun a device for producing a fine spray of liquid, used for example for inhaling a medicinal drug He never leaves home without a nebulizer as he is prone to asthma.268 necropolis noun a cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient city On the way to Kalri we visited the necropolis at Makli.269 nutritious adj efficient as food; nourishing Milk is a nutritious drink.270 ochre noun an earthy pigment containing ferric oxide, typically with clay He has painted the walls of his room yellow ochre.271 oceanography noun the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea The professor of oceanography predicted tsunamis in the near future.272 octangular adj having eight angles The tycoon lives in an octagnal shaped tower in the middle of the island. 273 octennial adj recurring every eight years Scientists were awaiting the octennial appearance of the comet.274 octuplet noun each of eight children born at one birth The octuplet babies were kept in the incubator for 2 months. 275 oleander noun a poisonous evergreen Old World shrub Oleander, and other flower flowering plants are in full bloom this time of the year.276 omelette noun a dish of beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan Sophia made Spanish omelette with lots of eggs and herbs.277 operational adj in or ready for use The under construction power house will be fully operational next year.278 opinionated adj characterized by conceited assertiveness and dogmatism Rashid has been accused of being opinionated in his thinking by one and all.279 optimism noun hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of something Her optimism about winning the Spelling Bee amazed us all.280 optimize verb make the best or most effective use of (a situation or resource) Time management is important in order to optimize productivity.281 ordnance noun mounted guns Major Jamal was responsible for all the ordnance on the base.282 paralyse verb cause (a person or part of the body) to become partly or wholly incapable of movement The venom of the snake is so powerful that it can paralyse a man within minutes of the bite.283 pathetic adj arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness The pathetic man wearing torn and tattered clothes had once been a rich and important man 284 pathology noun the science of the causes and effects of diseases Huma a second year medical student was considering choosing pathology as her speciality.

285 peppermint mass nounthe aromatic leaves of a plant of the mint family, or an essential oil obtained from them, used as a flavouring in food. I could detect a hint of pepperment smell in the pudding.

286 perforation verb a hole made by boring or piercing The new drug has side effects like perforation of the liver and spleen.287 perfumery noun the action or business of producing or selling perfumes Her perfumery business is flourishing in the Gulf countries.288 perfunctorily adv carried out without real interest, feeling, or effort Others clapped perfunctorily while the loyal supporters gave him a standing ovation.289 perishable adj (especially of food) likely to decay or go bad quickly Don't stock up on groceries particularly perishable items before heading off on holidays. 290 periwinkle noun an Old World plant with flat five-petalled flowers and glossy leaves Rows of white periwinkle plants bordered the garden.291 perpendicular adj at an angle of 90 ° to a given line , plane, or surface or to the ground The perpendicular staircase was difficult to climb.292 persevere verb continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no indication of success If you persevere I am sure you will succeed. 293 persimmon noun an edible fruit that resembles a large tomato and has very sweet flesh I bought 2 kilos of persimmon for my mother as she is very fond of them.294 precursor noun a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner Colonial opposition to unfair taxation by the British was a precursor of the American Revolution.295 pressurize verb produce or maintain raised pressure artificially in (a gas or its container) The crew will pressurize the astronaut's spacesuit before his walk in space. 296 problematize verb make into or regard as a problem requiring a solution In his bid to simplify matters he has managed to problematise them.297 professionalism noun the competence or skill expected of a professional Hamid bought a professionalism to the office that just hadn't been there before.298 promenade noun a paved public walk, typically one along the seafront at a resort Since the weather was so nice, grandfather and I walked along the promenade.299 prorogue verb discontinue a session of (a parliament or other legislative assembly) without dissolving it The president had no option but to prorogue the meeting.300 providence noun the protective care of God or of nature as a spiritual power We believe in divine providence, and pray to Allah for His help and guidance.301 providential adj occurring at a favourable time ; opportune: Athar's arrival at the nick of time seemed providential.302 puckish adj playful, especially in a mischievous way Haris is a fun loving guy with a puckish smile.303 pulsating verb expand and contract with strong regular movements Inside the hall stood a huge globe pulsating with colour and energy.304 pungent adj having a sharply strong taste or smell A pungent smell of burning fuel filled the air.305 quartet noun a group of four people playing music or singing together A string quartet was playing when I entered the ballroom.306 quizzical adj (of a person's expression or behaviour) indicating mild or amused puzzlement She gave me a quizzical glance at my sarcastic reply to the professor.307 realistic adj having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected The novel is a realistic portrayal of life in the tea plantations before Partition.308 realization noun an act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact She drew back as realization grew that the branch before her was actually a snake.309 reconnoitre verb make a military observation of (a region) The mountain climber went to reconnoitre the south face of Mount Everest.310 refrigerate verb subject (food or drink) to cold in order to chill or preserve it, typically by placing it in a refrigerator Aunt Zara wanted us to referigerate all the left over food.311 reliance noun dependence on or trust in someone or something Our reliance on the mobile phone is increasing day by day312 reluctance noun unwillingness or disinclination to do something Sara felt great reluctance to perform in front of a rowdy crowd.313 repressive adj (especially of a social or political system) inhibiting or restraining personal freedom Since 1962 they have struggled under the repressive rule of a general. 314 repulsion noun a feeling of intense distaste or disgust The magician's show created a mixture of repulsion and fascination in the audience.315 reservation noun the action of reserving something Showing up at the airport without a seat reservation can be problematic. 316 retentive adj (of a person's memory) effective in retaining facts and impressions Ahmed has a sharp and retentive memory and can recall facts and figures easily.317 revamp verb give new and improved form , structure, or appearance to Naila decided to revamp the whole script and start afresh.318 revelation noun a surprising and previously unknown fact that has been disclosed to others The company secretary has a startling revelation about the unexpected appointment of the director.319 reversal noun a change to an opposite direction, position , or course of action A reversal in the policy decision led to much confusion.320 revolutionize verb change (something) radically or fundamentally The old tycoon offered 5 tips that will allow anyone to revolutionize their business.321 sanctity noun the state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly Visitors to a mosque should respect its sanctity.322 sanitizer noun make clean and hygienic there is still a controversy raging regarding using water or hand sanitizer.323 scathing adj witheringly scornful; severely critical Amina was near to tears when she heard the scathing remarks of her boss.324 schedule noun a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times I have a busy schedule today.325 scraggy adj ragged, thin, or untidy in form or appearance The man chased the scraggy looking dog out of his garden.326 scree noun a mass of small loose stones that form or cover a slope on a mountain The slope was cleared of scree before the young climbers began their ascent. 327 serpentine adj of or like a serpent or snake All the tourists love to drive down the serpentine street in San Francisco.

328 shrewdness noun  having or showing sharp powers of judgement; astute Mr Syed is known for his shrewdness in all matters related to business .329 shrivel verb wrinkle and contract or cause to wrinkle and contract, especially due to loss of moisture The near drought conditions have caused plants to shrivel up and die.330 siege noun an operation in which a police or other force surround a building and cut off supplies The palace was under seige by the angry citizens of Paris.331 siesta noun an afternoon rest or nap, especially one taken during the hottest hours of the day in a hot climate In their home lunch is followed by 3 hours of siesta time.332 sledgehammer noun a large, heavy hammer used for such jobs as breaking rocks and driving in fence posts A vandal armed with a sledgehammer badly damaged the ancient statue of the goddess.333 smithereens pl noun small pieces He tore the manuscript to smithereens after it was rejected by the publisher.334 sniffle verb sniff slightly or repeatedly, typically because of a cold or fit of crying It is difficult to tell whether allergies are making you sniffle or the cold virus is to blame.335 solemnity noun the state or quality of being serious and dignified The pact was signed with ceremonial solemnity in the grand hall.

336 solitaire nouna game for one player played by removing pegs one at a time from a board by jumping others over them from adjacent holes Zara often relaxes by playing solitaire after everyone has gone to bed.

337 sparsely adv thinly dispersed or scattered We chose to camp in a sparsely populated area of Thar. 338 spectacled adj wearing spectacles Zain, gray haired and spectacled, sat silently with the ancient manuscript in his hand. 339 spectacular adj beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching way The Chinese city of Harbin hosts a spectacular annual festival that is popular with tourists. 340 spendthrift noun a person who spends money in an extravagant, irresponsible way It is difficult for him to save money as he is a big spendthrift.341 squelchy adj make a soft sucking sound such as that made by treading heavily through mud With each step Hina's shoes made a funny squelchy sound. 342 squiggle noun a short line that curls and loops in an irregular way The toddler drew a squiggle on the paper.343 stability noun the state of being stable There was peace and stability in the region before the coming of the Sarracins.344 standardize verb cause (something) to conform to a standard There is great need to standardize the curriculum and syllabus.345 staunch adj very loyal and committed in attitude I am a staunch believer in the rights of minorities, women and children.346 stricture noun a restriction on a person or activity The same stricture should apply to both the boys' as well as the girls' school.347 submersion noun the action or state of submerging or being submerged According to newspaper the heir reportedly died from asphyxiation related to submersion. 348 subsidence noun the gradual caving in or sinking of an area of land Widespread land subsidence is proving to be a threat to the coastline349 subtleness noun so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe The psychological patient has to be dealt with subtleness and tact.

350 texturize verbimpart a particular texture to (a product, especially a fabric or foodstuff) in order to make it more attractive

You can texturize the walls by using a compound in the paint.351 thriftiness noun using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully The Chinese immigrant considered hard work and thriftiness as the key for survival. 352 throttle noun a device controlling the flow of fuel or power to an engine He drove full throttle round the bends and overtook many cars along the way.353 tornadoes pl noun a mobile, destructive vortex of violently rotating winds having the appearance of a funnel-shaped cloud The American Mid West has been hit by many tornadoes in the past couple of years.354 tourism noun the commercial organization and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest Tourism is a flourishing industry in many countries of Asia. 355 traditional adj existing in or as part of a tradition; long-established The Indonesian troupe presented a traditional dance.356 tranquilizer noun a medicinal drug taken to reduce tension or anxiety Wardens used tranquilizer darts to subdue the wild beast.357 traumatic adj deeply disturbing or distressing Living through the terrible ordeal has been a traumatic experience for her.358 tributaries pl noun a river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake The first gold in Australia was discovered in one of the tributaries of the Yarra River.359 unconquerable adj not conquerable The fort was said to be unconquerable but Mohammed bin Qasim proved everyone wrong.360 unforeseen adj not anticipated or predicted He said his insurance policy will protect him against any unforseen event.361 uproarious adj characterized by or provoking loud noise or uproar The uproarious crowd waved and shouted as the Titanic sailed out of the harbour.362 utterance noun a spoken word, statement, or vocal sound She hardly ever gives utterance to her thoughts.363 valedictory adj serving as a farewell Mr khan intends to give his valedictory lecture in the afternoon.364 vaporizer noun a device that generates a particular substance in the form of vapour, especially for medicinal inhalation Rahil always takes his vaporizer wherever he goes because he has severe asthama.365 virtually adverb nearly; almost The snowstorm virtually blinded him.366 winsome adj attractive or appealing in a fresh, innocent way Little Maha's winsome smile won her many friends.367 wolverine noun a heavily built short- legged carnivorous mammal with a long brown coat and a bushy tail It was a tale of a man's encounter with a wolverine

368 applique nounornamental needlework in which pieces of fabric are sewn to a larger piece to form a picture or pattern

I will sew an applique bedcover using different coloured fabrics.369 communique noun an official announcement or statement, especially one made to the media The communique was issued in the news bulletin.370 countenance noun a person's face or facial expression Be friendly and have a smiling countenance.371 hypotenuse noun the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle Measure the hypotenuse of the triangle.372 julienne noun a portion of food cut into short, thin strips The famous chef demonstrated the method of making julienne cuts in carrots etc..