11_Meher Prasad_Tech for Mass Housing

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Affordable Rapid Mass Housing

National Symposium on Affordable Housing, New Delhi

22 July 2013

Department of Civil Engineering

IIT Madras, Chennai


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As of 2012:

Urban Housing Shortage : 18.78 Mi Units

Rural Housing Shortage : 40 Mi Units

EWS:10.55 Mi

Units

LIG: 7.41Mi Units

MIG+ : 0.82Mi Units

Distribution of 2012 Housing

shortage among Economic

categories (in Millions)

25 m2

Carpet area

50 m2

80 m2

AnnualIncome:

EWS: Rs 90,000

LIG: Rs 120,000MIG: Rs 300,000

Affordable?

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Earlier Mass Housing was mostly a Government activity Archaic laws restricted availability of Urban Land for Large

Housing Projects

Emphasis on labor orientated Technologies led to lower

productivity

There were No Incentives for Standardization of Designs &

Use of Prefabricated Building Elements

High Cost of Capital

OPPORTUNITIES


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Need for Applied Research for

Infrastructure Development of India

Affordable housing: design & construction method optimization

Technology relevant to India

Experience of other countries not directly usable due to highcosts

Social relevance and acceptability

Comprehensive solution to make private & public sectors deliverwith reasonable profit


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Issues of Concern

Affordability: target clientele

Scalability: mass housing, prefabrication, modular

construction

Sustainability: embodied energy, CO2emission, recycling

Local availability / scarcity of materials (river sand) Rapidityin construction

Structural stability and strength (earthquake resistance)

Functionality: space utility, lighting, ventilation

Aesthetics

Constructability: quality, planning, skill and safety issues

Durability: maintenance issues, life of structure

Government policies, subsidies 7


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Recent methods in Housing construction

Precast construction

Tunnel form construction

Large area formwork construction

Lightweight concrete construction

Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) housing system

GFRG building system


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Largest light weight wall panel

3m

44 kg/m2

Gypsum plaster, reinforced with chopped glass fibres, 300 350 mm long (0.8 kg/m2)

GFRG wall panel (Rapidwall)an alternative building material, introduced in 1990

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Advantages of GFRG Building Systems

reduction in structural weight of building

saving of cement, steel, sand, water

more carpet area

saving of construction time

reduction in emission of CO2

effective use of industrial waste product suited for affordable mass housing

As lightweight load bearing walls

As partition infill wallsin framed buildings

As shear walls*

As floor slabs / roof slabs: with reinforced concrete micro beams*.

Applications

*Design and construction methodology developed at IIT Madras10


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Outcome of R&D work

at Structural Engg Lab,

IIT Madras, since 2004:

To enable IIT Madras to complete R&D efforts and promote technology transfer, Dept

of Science & Technology, Govt of India has recently awarded a project with funding ofRs 13.2 million; additional support from industry. 11


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Design options : positioning of rebars

Presence of rebars in the concrete does not add to the axial strength

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1.02 m Wide panel Subjected to only reverse cyclic load

Hysteretic Behaviour

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2.02 m wide panels having door opening and subjected to constant axial

load & in-plane lateral reversed cyclic loading.

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GFRG Building System ------ G 7 at Mumbai

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With 2-3 GFRG panels a small house can be builtwhich is strong and durable, with living comfort.

By cutting into required sizes, 4 for four walls, 2 pieces as roofingpanels for sloped roof, a small house can be built within days

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Mass Housing Using GFRG Panelssingle storey

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19GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft)


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GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft) kindly check youtube link:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMM


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GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras

Typical floor planBuilt area =1981.3 sq.ft.


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PRECAST HOUSING

Precast components used

Footings

Columns Floor / Roof beams

Floor / Roof planks

Wall panels

Stair flights

Cup boards

Kitchen platforms

Water tanks

Ground + 4-floor structure

45 flats each of built-up area 28 square metre

Total precast concept


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Precast Technology in Housing


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Precast Integral Wall System

Project: Slum rehabilitation housing at Bhoiwada,

Mumbai for M/s Omkar Realtors.

24 (Photo Courtesy: L&T, Mumbai)

Ground Floor: Cast-in-Place

construction (H=4.15m)

Typical Floors (1-23): Precast

Bearing Wall system (H=2.85m)

Tallest Precast Building in India

70 m tall with plan 45.8m19.69m


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Tallest Precast Building in India

25Side Elevation Front Elevation


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Ground Floor Plan (Cast-in-Situ)

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Ground Floor Plan ( 250and 200mm thick Walls ; Built-up Area 745 m2)


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Typical Floor Plan (Precast)

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Typical Floor Plan

(160 mm thick Walls and 150 mm thick slabs; Built-up Area 875 m2)


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Typical Floor Elements (Precast)

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Types of Precast Elements used for construction (Courtesy: L&T )


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Typical Floor Elements (Precast)

29Assembling of one unit with common area (Courtesy: L&T )


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Precast Construction Sequence

30Sequence of Execution of Precast Portion (Courtesy: L&T )


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Precast Construction

31 (Photo Courtesy: L&T, Mumbai )


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Light weight

Simple connection arrangement

Easy to handle

More than 100 repetitions

Eliminates use of P & M

Improves Labour productivity

MECHANIZED FORMWORK SYSTEM

TUNNEL FORM

ALUMINIUM FORMWORK

RCC floor slab & walls cast inone pour

Quick stripping & form removal

One / two flats in one-day cycle

TISCO

Jamshedpur

L&T FLEX TABLE SYSTEM


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L&T FLEX TABLE SYSTEM


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TENEMENTS FOR SLUM

REHABILITATION

AT MUMBAI

NO. OF HOUSES 5,900


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CIDCO MASS

HOUSING

KHARGAR, MUMBAI

NO. OF HOUSES 1456


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Aluminium Formwork -MIVAN


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Cold Form Steel

G+3 CFS House at Raigarh,

Chattisgarh, --- J B Infra Pvt Ltd

Documents

11_Meher Prasad_Tech for Mass Housing