115_ Day 12 Type 2 Diabetes

8/6/2019 115_ Day 12 Type 2 Diabetes

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HKIN 115Day 12

October 5, 2010


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Overview What do you know about diabetes?

Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes and disease Managing and preventing diabetes

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Managing and preventing diabetes The role of physical activity

Your role as future HKIN grads


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What do you know

about diabetes?


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On a piece of paper, jot down a

responseto each ofthe following: What is the difference between type 1 and

type 2 diabetes?

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes was previously called adult-

onset diabetes; why the name change?

What is the role of physical activity in each?

What is your role, as a future HKIN grad in

preventing type 2 diabetes?


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Type 1 vs.Type 2 Diabetes Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood

glucose levels

Type 1 = insulin dependent (10% of all cases) Due to abnormally low levels of insulin Cause (?) immune systems destruction of insulin

producing cells in the pancreas

Type 2 = non-insulin dependent (90% of all cases) Reduced ability of insulin to transport glucose from the

blood to the cells Diminished tissue response to insulin (insulin resistance)

resulting in high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia)


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Whatabout gestational diabetes? Develops during pregnancy

Although disappears after pregnancy,

women have increased risk within 5-10yrs of giving birth

Particularly if pregnancy weight is not lost


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Whatabout Pre-diabetes (type 2) May occur 10-20 years before diagnosis

Blood glucose is higher than normal

b/c of the relevant tissues inability to respondto the insulin (i.e., insulin resistance) which

causes the pancreas to produce more insulin


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Type 2 Diabetesand Disease WHO in 1994 reported that 100 million people worldwide were

diagnosed with diabetes AND that by 2010, that number wouldrise to 230 million Better diagnosis

More cases In Canada the number of people with diabetes doubled from

1996/97 to 2005 (most recent data available) to 4.9% of thepopulation > 35 yrs of age, males are more likely than females

Diagnoses increases with age 10.1% of 55-64 yrs

14.6 % > 65 yr

Age and sex-adjusted prevalence rates for Aboriginal peoples is3x higher

Diabetes is also diagnosed earlier 48.7 vs. 61.4 years in Aboriginalpeoples


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Type 2 Diabetesand Disease As many as 40% of Canadians may have

pre-diabetes

FYI pre-diabetes cannot be felt; so oftenunder diagnosed!


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Type 2 Diabetesand Disease The 7th leading cause of death in Canada

Deaths due to type 2 diabetes are thought to be underestimated underlying cause ofheart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness,and lower limb amputations

80% of individuals with type 2 diabetes die from heart disease individuals with diabetes have 6x the risk ofheart disease orstroke Why? high cholesterol, high blood pressure, inactive

Diabetes was the number one cause of endstage renal disease

In 1988, 22% of people with type 2 diabetes were on dialysis.In 1997, 29%

Lower limb amputations are 11x greater in individuals withtype 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of blindness


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Risk factors fortype 2 diabetes: Age ( 45 yrs)

Overweight (BMI 25)

Genetics (family history)

Eth

nicity/Biologic origin (African, Indian, Asian,Aboriginal)

Gestational diabetes

Hypertension

Low HDLs; High TGs

Impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Vascular disease

Inactive lifestyle (< 3x per week)


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Managing (and preventing) Diabetes Dietary intake (Type 1 and 2)

Reduce fat intake to < 30%; saturated fat to < 10%

Increase fibre to > 15 g/1000 kcal/day

Physical activity (Type 1 and 2) Moderate intensity > 30 min/day

Insulin (Type 1)

Weight loss (Type 2) as little as 5 to 7% weight loss when combined with

lifestyle changes (PA, dietary intake) reduced incidence by

58% in high-risk individuals

90% of type 2 diabetes may be prevented by eating welland engaging in physical activity


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How Physical Activity benefits

Diabetes Physical activity helps control blood glucose

by improving glucose transportation into cells

reducing insulin requirement

Improve insulin resistance and glucose intolerance Physical activity helps control body weight generallyhigher blood glucose levels, high blood lipids and highblood pressure are found in obese, (inactive) individuals

Provides protection from heart disease (i.e., strengthensh

eart, etc.) Positive psychological and social benefits improves

self-confidence, self control, self-esteem, vigour andwellness in general


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Physical Activity for Individuals

withType 1 Diabetes First manage resting blood glucose

levels

Physical activity lowers blood glucose levels

Generally, the same activities as for

someone without


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withType 1 Diabetes However:

Daily for consistent blood glucose regulation

With a partner

Limit to 20-30 minutes Consume a meal 1-3 hours prior and a snack after

? Reduce insulin prior to activity (if so advised byphysician)

Avoid/limit using the muscle in which insulin wasinjected

Avoid late-evening physical activity

Monitor blood glucose response before, during, andafter physical activities


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withType 2 Diabetes Length and time the most important

factors

Main objective is to reduce body fat Work up to 60 minutes/session and 3-5

days per week

Intensity because of the time and

frequency, lower end (40-60% of aerobiccapacity)


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Dietary Intakeand Diabetes Type and amount of nutrients in the diet

influence blood glucose levels

high in total fat, animal fat, protein, or simple sugar

low in carbohydrate

A dietary intake that is consistent with Eating

Well with Canadas Food Guide is

recommended Emphasize low fat, high in fibre-rich foods

(vegetables, whole grains, legumes)

Documents

115_ Day 12 Type 2 Diabetes