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8/10/2019 11 Soc - Types of Groups and Influence
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Types of Groupsand Their Influence
Sociological Perspective
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Types of Groups Sociologists study the following components:
Look at different types of groups thatexist in todays society
Explore how groups affect their members
Analyze how individuals in groups can
affect group behaviour People belong to different types of groupsthat have varying impacts on their lives
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Primary Groups
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Primary Groups Small, emotionally close,and interdependent
Members see one anotheroften, know one anotherwell, and value each other
as a whole person Consist of close personalgroups such as familiesand in some cases friends
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are difficult to replace
often meet face-to-face and have warm,personal, supportive relationships in whichfeelings, concerns, and information is shared
are highly valued,
and helps define anindividualsidentity
Primary Members
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POSITIVE:groups are supportive and caring,give members sense of self-worth
Members feel relaxed within these groupsand value emotional support
Effects on Individuals
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NEGATIVE:can lead to pressure to conform
Groups demand their members share
common values, dress or act certain ways
People often give in to group expectationseven if they do not really want to
Effects on Individuals
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Expectations of a persons family mayconflict with those of their friends
Can lead to struggles over appropriateclothing, music preferences, and hobbies
Being part of groups often restricts a
persons independence and free will -resulting in internal conflicts
Group Conflicts
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Secondary Groups
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Secondary Groups Tend to be larger, impersonal, and formal
Has limited information, dependence, orinterest from its members
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Secondary Groups Members may not know much more aboutone another than their positions in the
group, and they rarely share personalfeelings or private concern
Interest is usually limited to the specific
reason that the group was created Ex. School band, office workplace
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Group Contributions Individuals are valued for their groupcontributions, not necessarily for their own
individual personalities As a result, people in these groups aremore easily replaced
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Communication Other than polite smalltalk, people discuss
mainly just the businessat hand
Co-workers may even
communicate mainlythrough memos, e-mail,or phone
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POSITIVE:groups are less restricting toindividual freedom
Behaviours, roles, norms, rules, and valuesare expected to be followed during groupgatherings only
Conflicts between secondary groupexpectations are also less frequent, sinceexpectations are limited to a particulartime or activity
Effects on Individuals
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NEGATIVE:groups do not provide powerfulemotional support or the same
sense of a close, shared identitythat primary groups do
Large secondary groups such as localcommunity groups or secondary schoolsmay seem distant and intimidating to somemembers
Effects on Individuals
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How Groups
Influence Behaviour Primary and Secondary Groups ensure thattheir members conform to group
expectations in the following ways: Roles
Norms
Sanctions
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We all have multiple rolesand we learn what is
expected of us as we grow upand adopt new roles
Role expectations are notfixed, they vary andchange over time
Roles
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Our families, friends, and colleagues tellus how to act, and group pressure causes
us to conform
In more formalsettings, rules are
often written downas codes of conduct
Roles
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Each role has certain norms or guidelinesof behavior
These standards of behaviour vary fromgroup to group
Mores are a certain type of norm that are
highly regarded moral views on behavior As a result, laws are put in place to ensure
that they are almost never broken
Norms
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Folkways are another type of norm whichinvolves everyday habits or traditional
practices regarding manners, interactions,or personal appearance
Ex. SayingThank youwhen youreceive a giftfrom some one
Norms
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Formal/informalpunishments or rewards
given to ensureconformity to groupnorms
Ensures individuals arefollowing the rules andguidelines expected bythe group
Sanctions
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Consist primarily of emotional responses Eg. Smiles, frowns, praise or criticism
Informal Sanctions
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Official public rewards and punishments
Ex. Receiving a scholarships or beingexpelled from school
Ex. Formal courtsanctions are
needed tomaintain therule of lawin society
Formal Sanctions
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Most people follow expected social andgroup norms because they share the same
ideas about what is expected behavior They value the sense of security receivedfrom living in a society that has
predictable patterns of behaviour
Sanctions
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Group Activity
Please get into the following groups:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Junho
Farhan
Wei QingMelica
Hyobin
Tomo
AmandaChristin
Hatim
Park
Lydia
Max
Ali
Jesica
Selyne
Seung
AunHyun
Christine
Imran
Shamana
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Individual Reflection
Think of two roles you have in your life.Explain at least two expectedbehaviours for each role and onesanction used to get you to conform tothe expected behavior
Written in proper paragraph format