11-12/13 Warm Up:

Can an institution (church, school, organization) be corrupt but at the same time make valuable

contributions to society?

Turn in one 12 oz. can of food for the NGHS food bank and receive 10 late work passes. Two can max.

Objective:• I will be able to analyze why societies separate

church and state by comparing the U.S. to Feudal Europe.

• Language Objective: I need help with this!

Quick Review

1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ________.2) _______ were really the most powerful.

They got _______ from the king.3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________

_________ in return for land.4) _______ were bound to the land. They

worked in return for ____________.5) __________ were skilled workers. They paid

rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

Check Your Answers!

1) Everyone owed loyalty to the king.2) Nobles were really the most powerful. They got

land from the king.3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave military service in

return for land.4) Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in

return for protection.5) Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent

to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

Ancient Rome Evolved and Changed• 330 C.E. the emperor Constantine moved his capital to the

ancient city of Byzantium the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. He renamed the city New Rome– Later is was called Constantinople– Today it is known as Istanbul, Turkey.– Referred to in History as Byzantine Empire

Western Rome• After Constantine's reign

power was divided between two emperors, one in Rome and one in Constantinople.

• In 476 last emperor in Western Rome was dethroned. Germanic tribes created feudal Europe.

Rise of the Roman Catholic Church• Christianity began to spread in Ancient Rome

– Initially, Romans persecuted Christians for their beliefs, yet religion continued to spread

– By 395 C.E. Christianity became the recognized religion of the Roman Empire.

• From 590 to 1517, the Roman Catholic Church dominated the western world.

• The Roman Catholic Church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, art and education.

Church Became Extremely Powerful!• By 1200s, the church was a leading landowner and

the wealthiest institution in Europe– Land was obtained by gifts from monarchs and lords– Land was taken by force– Wealth was obtained through the tithe

Church as Community Center • Roman Catholic Churches outlasted many

Kingdoms due to warfare.• Church was one of the few sources of leadership

and stability that people relied on.• Became one of medieval Europe’s most powerful

and enduring institutions.• Medieval church had broad political power, performed many government functions.

Role Of The Church in Everyday LifeAfter the collapse of Western Roman Empire, the church became the center of medieval life.

• Bells called people to worship and warned of dangers.• Service was held several times of day.• Town meetings, plays, concerts• At times, distributed food• The square in front of the church was community hub:

o Farmers sold produceo Marketso Festivals o Fairs

• Provided Education for some• Helped poor and the sick

Power in Belief• People looked to the church to explain world events:

storms, disease and famine were thought to be punishments from god.

• Prayer and religious devotion were thought to prevent world events.

Sacraments and Salvation • Person must live a moral life and follow the church’s

teachings to gain entry to heaven through salvation.• Receiving the 7 sacraments was essential to gaining

salvation. • Sacraments were sacred rites that gave a person blessings from God. • If you did not obey the church you could be Excommunicated (deprivedOf membership in the church).

More reasons to obey:Church developed:

– Their own courts– Canon laws: governed religious teachings, the clergy,

marriages, and morals.– Interdict: excommunication of the kingdom, region, or town

due to rulers being disobedient.

Heretic person who holdBeliefs that are contraryTo the teachings of the church.

Jan Hus, a Bohemian preacher declared a heretic by the Church. Burned at the stake in 1415.

Monasteries governed by Benedictine Rule:• Gave hospitality to refugees and travelers.• Copied and preserved old texts• Monasteries and missionaries brought in new

converts to Christianity.• Monks and nuns served God through fasting, prayer, and self-denial.

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Power Rank of Clergy

Archbishops

Cardinals

Pope

Priests

Bishops

Supreme Head of Church

Oversaw large or important areas called archdioceses

Governed Dioceses

Parishes were governed by priests

Appointed by the Pope, advisor to the Pope

Role of PopePope held supreme authority; head of

ecclesiastical courts; power to excommunicate

Galileo in front of the Inquisition, 12 April 1633

CardinalsPowerful clergy; advised pope on legal and

spiritual matters

Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1510-12

Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi, Raphael 1518

ArchbishopsArchbishops managed a group of several dioceses called an archdiocese

The chief diocese in a province. To help things run smoothly, one bishop in each province has seniority. He's an archbishop and his diocese is an archdiocese.

Bishops• Kings or nobles selected bishops based on family connections or political power.

• Managed a diocese; performedsacraments of confirmation and holy orders

PriestsDirectly served people in parish; administered five of the seven sacraments

Power Struggle between Church and Monarchs

Church leaders were feudal lords and political

advisors; popes held political and spiritual power over monarchs

Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII, though unpopular, initiated many reforms for the church. These reforms became known as the Gregorian reforms.Pope Gregory Stated:

The Church was founded by God AloneThe pope alone can with right be called universal.The pope alone can depose or reinstate bishopsThe pope’s name alone can be spoken in churchesThe pope may depose of emperorsThe pope may be judged by no oneThe Roman Church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the Scripture bearing witness.

Legend of Emperor Relenting…

• Roman Emperor IV wasangry at the new reforms refused to obey.• Pope excommunicates Henry.• Henry begs for mercy, legend has it he stood inthe snow for 3 days before Gregory relented

AN AWFUL WAY TO DIE!

Exit Ticket (scrap paper!)As per the first Amendment of U.S. Constitution [the main governing laws of America], consider the separation between church and state in the United States [the church & gov’t simply don’t mix. They are and shall remain separate]. 1. Why the separation of power?

2. Is it a good idea or not?