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10.3 Acquiring New Lands
How did the U.S. continue imperialism after their conflicts
with Spain?
Puerto Rico
• Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of the Spanish-American War
• Forces there said they would protect Puerto Ricans, but other military officials insulted them and set limits on their personal freedom
• Many resented the military government; in 1900 Congress passed the Foraker Act, which set up a civil government
• In 1917, Congress made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens
Cuba
• Cuba was officially independent after the war, but the U.S. army remained there for four years; Cubans who didn’t like the occupation were punished
• In 1900, the Cuban government wrote a constitution, and the U.S. insisted they add the Platt Amendment, which limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other countries
• It gave the U.S. special privileges, like the right to intervene to ‘preserve order’
• Cuba became a U.S. protectorate, a country whose affairs are controlled by a stronger power
Filipino Rebellion
• Filipinos had been fighting for independence for years
• They were angry the U.S. had annexed their islands; rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo believed that the U.S. had promised independence and felt betrayed after the U.S. helped them win against Spain
• Aguinaldo started a three year long rebellion in 1899; the U.S. won and eventually set up a similar government to Cuba’s in the Philippines
Influence in China
• By 1899, the U.S. wanted to be able to trade with China
• The Secretary of State, John Hay, sent a statement of policy to other countries, which became known as the Open Door notes
• They called for China’s ports to remain open and for China to remain independent; no country would have special trading rights
• By 1900, a secret society in China started a rebellion
Continued
• This rebellion protested the influence of Western countries in China
• Troops from many countries, including the U.S., fought against the rebels, or Boxers
• After the Boxer Rebellion was defeated, the U.S. issued more Open Door notes to make sure other countries did not make colonies out of China
Impact of Imperialism
• McKinley was reelected in 1900; his opponent was an anti-imperialist
• This outcome suggests most of the country was supportive of imperialism at the time
• There was strong opposition from prominent members of society; the Anti-Imperialist League formed and included former President Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and Mark Twain
• They all agreed it was wrong for the U.S. to rule people without their consent