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Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology
Semester 2 Final Exam Review Semester 2 Final Exam Review Dr. F. Anthony Fiala Dr. F. Anthony Fiala
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The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all of the following structures except
Alveoli
Larynx
Nose
Pharynx
Trachea
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Answer:
alveoli
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The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions except
Exchange gases
Humidify air
Purify air
Warm incoming air
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Answer:
exchange gases
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What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
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Answer:
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
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Cilia of the trachea that beat continually propel contaminated mucus
Toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out
Toward the nose to be sneezed out
Toward the epiglottis to be coughed out
Toward the lungs to be encapsulated
Toward the glottis to be hiccupped out
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Answer:
Toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out
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Which one of the following is not part of the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Primary bronchi
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Answer:
Primary bronchi
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Name the type of tissue of which alveoli are composed.
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Answer:
simple squamous epithelium
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The gas exchange that occurs between blood and tissue cells at systemic capillaries is called
Pulmonary ventilation
Expiration
Internal respiration
External respiration
Respiratory gas transport
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Answer:
Internal respiration
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The most important chemical stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is
Decreased oxygen level in the blood
Increased blood pH
Increased carbon dioxide in the blood
Increased hydrogen ion in the blood
Decreased carbon dioxide in the blood
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Answer:
Increased carbon dioxide in the blood
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Name the cahmber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic veins.
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Answer:
right atrium
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Name the structure that divides the left from the right ventricle.
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Answer:
interventricular septum
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Which of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
AV node SA node bundle of His R & L bundle branches Purkinje fibers
AV node bundle of His SA node Purkinje fibers R & L bundle branches
SA node AV node bundle of His R & L bundle branches Purkinje fibers
SA node AV node R & L bundle branches bundle of His Purkinje fibers
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Answer:
SA node AV node bundle of His R & L bundle branches Purkinje fibers
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What causes the “Dup” sound when auscultating the heart?
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Answer:
closure of the semilunar valves
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What effect does the vagus nerve have on heart activity and cardiac output?
No change in heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
Decreased heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
Decreased heart rate and increased cardiac output.
Increased heart rate and increased cardiac output.
Increased heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
Decreased heart rate and no change in cardiac output.
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Answer:
Decreased heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
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Identify the formed element that is most abundant in blood.
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Answer:
erythrocytes
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Identify the proper sequence of hemostasis.
Platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm.
Vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm
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Answer:
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
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Name the organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors.
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Answer:
liver
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Fluid forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces is called
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Answer:
lymph
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Identify the body’s first line of defense against disease causing micro-organisms.
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Answer:
skin and mucous membranes
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Which of the following is not one of the nonspecific body defenses.
Intact skin
The inflammatory response
Fever
Natural killer cells
Antibody production
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Answer:
Antibody production
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Name the four common indicators of the inflammatory response.
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Answer:
rubor (redness), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), & pain (dolor)
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Identify the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal.
Mouth espohagus stomach large intestine small intestine
Mouth esophagus pharynx stomach small intestine large intestine
Pharynx esophagus stomach jejunum colon duodenum
Mouth esophagus stomach duodenum ileum jejunum
Esophagus stomach doudenum jejunum colon
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Answer:
Esophagus stomach doudenum jejunum colon
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Which of the following is not a layer of the alimentary canal.
Mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
Muscularis interna
Muscularis externa
Submucosa
Serosa
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Answer:
Muscularis interna
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Identify the organ in which protein digestion begins.
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Answer:
stomach
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Identify the location into which the pancreatic and bile ducts empty their contents.
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Answer:
duodenum
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Identify the primary function of the small intestine.
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Answer:
absorption of nutrients
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Which of the following does not improve absorption.
Cytoplasmic extensions
Circular folds
Micovilli
Plicae circularis
Peyers patches
Villi
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Answer:
Peyers patches
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Food becomes a bolus which becomes chyme. Name the organ responsible for removing water content from the indigestible food remnants.
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Answer:
large intestine (colon)
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Identify the accessory organ that is capable of breaking down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Answer:
Pancreas
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How does segmentation differ from peristalsis?
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Answer:
Peristalsis is the propulsion of food from one organ to the next and segmentation is moving food back and forth within an organ.
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Name the monomer building blocks of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and nucleic acid.
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Answer:
amino acid, monosaccharide, fatty acid/glycerol, nucleotide
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Identify the nutrient that is broken down by salivary amylase.
Protein
Lipid
Starch
Vitamins
Minerals
Nucleic acid
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Answer:
Starch
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Which one of these is not a main function of the liver.
To store glucose
To add bile during digestion
To add water to the alimentary canal
To degrade hormones
To detoxify drugs
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Answer:
To add water to the alimentary canal
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Which one of these is not a main function of the kidney.
Manufacture urine
Convert vitamin D to its active form
Dispose of metabolic waste products
Regulate blood volume
Regulate blood pH
Aid in digestion
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Answer:
Aid in digestion
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Identify the correct order of the nephron.
Glomerulus PCT Loop of Henle DCT collecting tubule
Glomerulus PCT DCT Loop of Henle collecting tubule
Glomerulus collecting tubule PCT DCT Loop of Henle
Glomerulus collecting tubule PCT Loop of Henle DCT
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Answer:
Glomerulus PCT Loop of Henle DCT collecting tubule
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Identify the nonselective, passive process performed by the glomerulus that forms blood plasma without blood proteins.
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Answer:
filtration
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Name the tube that connects the renal hilus of the kidney to the urinary bladder.
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Answer:
ureter
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What is the purpose of rugae in the urinary bladder?
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Answer:
Rugae allows the bladder to expand as urine accumulates within.
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Name the voluntarily controlled skeletal muscle sphincter found in the urinary bladder.
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Answer:
external urethral sphincter
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Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as
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Answer:
bicarbonate ion
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The most potent of all mechanisms and substances that the body uses to regulate blood pH are
Respiratory system controls
The kidneys
Hormones
The buffer system
Enzymes
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Answer:
the kidneys
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Identify the type of cartilage of which the trachea is composed.
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Answer:
hyaline
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Identify the four components of the respiratory zone.
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Answer:
respiratory bronchioles (tertiary), alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
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Concerning the concentration gradient, in which direction does solute diffuse?
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Answer:
To areas of lower concentration
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To which type of valves are chordae tendineae attached?
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Answer:
AV valves
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What composes the largest percentage of blood plasma?
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Answer:
water
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How do macrophages find bacteria in the interstium?
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Answer:
chemotaxis
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True or False
Lymph capillaries have blind ends but blood capillaries do not.
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Answer:
True
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True or False.
The innermost layer of the serosa in the abdomen is called visceral peritoneum.
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Answer:
True
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True or False.
Microvilli are projections of the mucosa and are found in all regions of the digestive system to improve absorption of nutrients.
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Answer:
False
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True or False.
The hilus of the kidney contains the renal artery, renal vein, and the renal nerve.
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Answer:
False
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True or False.
Filtration in the glomerulus removes the large particles from the filtrate.
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Answer:
True
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Name the part of the cardiac cycle when the coronary system is emptying of blood.
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Answer:
ventricular systole
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Name the part of the cardiac cycle when the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are open.
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Answer:
ventricular diastole
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Name the part of the cardiac cycle when both of the semilunar valves are closed.
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Answer:
ventricular diastole
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Name the type of blood vessel in which diffusion occurs.
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Answer:
capillaries
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Identify the blood type that has no antigens.
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Answer:
Blood Type O
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Name the blood type that contains “A” antigens.
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Answer:
Blood type A
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The blood type that can receive blood types B and O only.
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Answer:
Blood type B
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The blood type that is the universal donor.
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Answer:
Blood type O
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Name the category of nutrients in which calcium and potassium belong.
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Answer:
Minerals
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Which of the following is the correct order in which urine flows?
Collecting tubule minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra
Collecting tubule minor calyx major calyx kidney ureter urinary bladder urethra
Collecting tubule major calyx minor calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra
Collecting tubule minor calyx major calyx urethra urinary bladder ureter
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Answer:
Collecting tubule minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra
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