1 WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ? Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design approach for reducing the impact of products on the environment

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WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?

Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design

approach for reducing the impact of products on the

environment.

http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

wikipedia.org

Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while

preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for

generations to come.

Sustainable design (also called environmental design, environmentally sustainable design,

environmentally conscious design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built

environment, and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological

sustainability.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

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Specification Development

% o

f pr

oduc

t im

pact

on

env

iron

men

t

Conceptual Design

Detailed design Time

100

60

0

20

40

80

70% - 80% of product impact on environment is established after

20% of design activity is complete (just like with production cost)

WHY “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

Otto et al Product Design”

Products may have an adverse effect on environment during their entire life cycle.

Therefore, all life stages must beer considered in Design for Environment.

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1. Specification Development / Planning PhaseDetermine need, customer and engineering requirements

Develop a project plan

2. Conceptual Design PhaseGenerate and evaluate concepts

Select best solution

3. Detail Design PhaseDocumentation and part specification

Prototype evaluation

4. Production PhaseComponent manufacture and assembly

Plant facilities / capabilities

5. Service PhaseInstallation, use , maintenance and safety

6. Product Retirement PhaseLength of use, disposal, and recycle

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

This is when product has impact on environment

8Otto et al Product Design”

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT GUIDELINES

Guidelines for PRODUCT STRUCTURE

Guidelines for MATERIAL SELECTION

Guidelines for LABELING AND FINISH

Guidelines for FASTENING

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PRODUCT STRUCTURE GUIDELINES

Guideline Reason

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MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES


Guideline Reason

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LABELING AND FINISHING GUIDELINES


Guideline Reason

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FASTENING GUIDELINES


Guideline Reason

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Guidelines for ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING

Guidelines for RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY

Guidelines for ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Guidelines for ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING

Guidelines for HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION

Guidelines for DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY


DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT PRACTICES

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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING

Non-toxic processes & production materials

Minimum energy utilization

Minimize emissions

Minimize waste, scrap & by-products

http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html

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DESIGN FOR RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY

Re-use / refurbishment of components & assemblies

Material selection to enable re-use (e.g., thermoset plastics vs. thermoplastics) and

minimize toxicity

Avoids filler material in plastics such as fiberglass and graphite

Minimum number of materials / colors to facilitate separating materials and re-use

Material identification to facilitate re-use

Design to enable materials to be easily separated

Design for disassembly (e.g., fracture points, fastening vs. bonding)

Avoid use of adhesives

Limit contaminants - additives, coatings, metal plating of plastics, etc.

Maximize use of recycled or ground material with virgin material

Design for serviceability to minimize disposal of non-working products


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DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY


Appliances

Heating & Cooling Home Electronics Office Equipment Lighting

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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING

Minimum of packaging materials

Reusable pallets, totes and packaging

Recyclable packaging materials

Bio-degradable packaging materials


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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION

No ozone depleting CFCs or HCFCs used in manufacturing processes.

Elimination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl

ethers and oxides (PBBEs/PBDEs and PBDOs) from products.

Reduction in the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mechanical parts.


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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

Provide ready access to parts, fasteners, etc. to support disassembly.

Design modular products to enable modules to be disassembled for

service or re-use.

Minimize weight of individual parts and modules to facilitate

disassembly.

Use joining and fastening techniques to facilitate disassembly (e.g.,

fasteners instead of adhesives)

Minimize fragile parts to enable re-use and re-assembly.

Use connectors instead of hard-wired connections.

Design to enable use of common hand tools for disassembly.


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Design for disassembly is nothing more than the planned

mortality of human creation.

Everything that is made must be unmade at some future date.

This is the natural imperative.

Everything must eventually be recycled, therefore, everything

that is introduced into the biosphere must have a plan for its

disposal when it is created!

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BMW's 1991 Z1 Roadster, whose plastic side panels come apart like the halves of a walnut shell, is

an example of a car designed for disassembly. One of the lessons learned, is that glue or solder in

bumpers should be replaced with fasteners so that the bumpers can come apart more easily and the

materials can be recycled. BMW is also changing instrument panels. In the past they were made of

an assortment of synthetics glued together. Now BMW uses variations of polyurethane, foam, and

rubber so the panel can be recycled. The portion of a car recycled is 80% by weight and BMW is

aiming for 95%.



22http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm

Modular computer chassis – easy to separate components for disassembly



"Dart" fastener - easy to separate components for disassembly



Miniature fuel cells - easy to separate components for disassembly



Human-powered portables


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Design to minimize material usage

Design for disassembly

Design for recycling

Design for remanufacturing

Design to minimize hazardous materials

Design for energy efficiency

Design to regulations and standards

SUMMARY OF TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Vegetable transmission fluid and hydraulic fluidWill not cause permanent contamination if spilled.

BIODEGRADABILITY

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Diesel engine5L/100km


Some not very cool products are excellent for environments

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Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment

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http://us.toshiba.com/green/reuse-and-recycling

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

http://us.toshiba.com/green/reuse-and-recycling

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http://www.steamwhistle.ca/ourbeer/greenInitiatives.php

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

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Materials Impacts

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT

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Manufacturing impact


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Use & Transportation ImpactsEnergy and Fleet costs


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End of Life

Pollution Costs of Disposal


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Glass Beer Bottles vs. Aluminum Beer Cans

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Aluminum vs. Steel Wheels

For more information please visit:http://www.inkavera.com/2010/09/30/lca/aluminum-wheels-versus-steel-wheels/

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SolidWorks Sustainability

Documents

1 WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ? Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design approach for reducing the impact of products on the environment