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Vulnerability of People
People
agedensitygenderethnicity and languagesocio-economic status
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Vulnerability of People
Let’s talk about these factors:
Age:
can be a vulnerability or a strengthlinked to state of health and socio-economic factorslinked to gender - more older women
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Vulnerability of People
Density
Generally the higher the density, the greater the mortality and morbidity ratesHigh density often occurs in low-income areasHigh density contributes to heat related hazards
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Vulnerability of People
Gender
Usually more women than men die in disastersCorrelated to state of health and socio-economic statusLess opportunity to contribute post-disaster
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Vulnerability of People
Gender
While disaster management continues to evolve, for the most part, disaster managers are generally male - and thus many post-disaster programs, etc. are provided from a strong male perspective.
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Vulnerability of People
Ethnicity & Cultural Factors
•May or may not be a factor, but in many cases, especially with recent immigrants, communication can be a big problem
•Can’t understand warnings
•Can’t read preparedness literature
•Don’t obtain help post-disaster - losing face, can’t read forms
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Vulnerability of People
Ethnicity & Cultural Factors
•May believe that talking about disasters is unlucky
•May not trust “authority figures”
•May misinterpret information
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Vulnerability of People
Socio-Economic Status
•Linked to health and education
•Poverty often means no insurance
•Those who can least afford it, have the least, but lose it all
•Poverty often leads to sub-standard housing
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Vulnerability of Place
buildingscritical facilitiesecological siteseconomic sectorshistorical and cultural siteslifelines and infrastructurenon-structural propertyrecreational landstructures
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Vulnerability of Place
Buildings
Certain types of building are more vulnerable due to type of constructionSize/heightCharacteristicsLocation
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Vulnerability of Place
Critical facilities
Police stations, ambulance stations, fire halls, hospitals, EOCs, medical clinics, medical labs, fire boats and docking facilities, helicopter pads
Anything critical to saving lives, rescue operations, etc.
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Vulnerability of Place
Ecological Sites
Areas that have unique ecosystemsAreas with protected/endangered wildlife: land-based animals, fish, birds, insects, etc.
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Vulnerability of Place
Economic Sectors
Agriculture, tourism, commerce, resource-based industry, manufacturing, etc.
Community-based dependency
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Vulnerability of Place
Historical and Cultural Sites
Heritage buildingsBuildings with historical meaningCommunity landmarksAboriginal Sites
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Vulnerability of Place
Lifelines and Infrastructure
Utilities: power lines, water lines, pumping stations, water silos and sewerage, gas lines, telephone lines, oil wells, water wellsHighways, freeways, overpasses, bridgesRail tracks, airports and runwaysPorts
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Vulnerability of Place
Non-Structural Property
Art CollectionsMedical Laboratories, Hospitals, Research Labs and Businesses
Any place with expensive goods and materials
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Vulnerability of Place
Recreational land
Parks, forests, hiking trailsLakes, riversFair grounds,Oceanfront, beachesSkiing, Snowboarding
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Vulnerability of Place
Structures
Micro-wave towers, repeatersElectrical StructuresReservoirs, SilosControl Towers
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Vulnerability of Preparedness
Factors relating to Preparedness fall into four areas:
Capability to respondCommunity education and trainingMitigation programWarning systems
Photo courtesy of FEMA
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Vulnerability of Preparedness
Capability to respond
•Does the community have a plan to respond to a disaster and is the plan tested on a regular basis? The greatest plan in the world is useless if no one has actually tested it.
Photo courtesy of FEMA
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Vulnerability of Preparedness
Community education and training
•Has the community been educated as to the potential threats and trained so that they know what to do should the hazardous event take place?
•Are there Neighbourhood Preparedness Programs in place?
Photo courtesy of FEMA
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Vulnerability of Preparedness
Mitigation program
•It there a Mitigation program in place - a defined program that systematically reviews risks and vulnerabilities and establishes a process to develop strategies to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities, and to take action to deal with them?
Photo courtesy of FEMA
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Vulnerability of Preparedness
Warning systems
•Is it possible to have advance knowledge of the potential hazard occurring? If so, is there a warning system in place? If it is in place, do residents understand what to do when they are warned?
Photo courtesy of FEMA
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Vulnerability of Time
The four factors regarding time are:
Population base re: time of dayPopulation base re: day of the weekPopulation base re: time of yearPopulation base re: holidays
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Vulnerability of Time
Population base re: time of day
•Are there certain times of the day when the population is more vulnerable to the hazards (e.g., during rush hour)?
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Vulnerability of Time
Population base re: day of the week
Are there days of the week when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the weekends)?
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Vulnerability of Time
Population base re: time of year
Are there times of the year when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the winter)?
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Vulnerability of Time
Population base re: holidays
Are there certain holidays when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the Christmas)?
