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Today’s ProgramToday’s Program
Foam System Testing Foam System Testing And CalibrationAnd Calibration
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Your Presenters Are…Your Presenters Are…
• Jim Johannessen– Fire Equipment Services Group of Underwriters Laboratories
Inc. for the past 26 years– Member of the NFPA 1901 (Automotive Apparatus) and 1500
(Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health) Committees
• Bill Ballantyne– Vice President – FoamPro (16 years)– President Fire Apparatus Manufacturers Association (2004)– NFPA 1901 Committee Principal Member (FAMA)
– Chairman – Foam Technical Committee
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Disclaimer…
• This is not an official NFPA presentation
• No committee member can speak for the NFPA
• Members can only give their opinion
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NFPA StandardsNFPA Standards
• Compliance with standards is VoluntaryVoluntary
• They are MinimumMinimum standards
• They are ConsensusConsensus standards
• Committee work is voluntary – No PayNo Pay
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NFPA Standards…NFPA Standards…
• Editions are reviewed and updated every 5 years
• Editions can be “short-cycled” to address significant developments or changes
• A TIA (Temporary Interim Amendment) can be implemented to address issues that may arise
• Over 250 standards in the NFPA system
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NFPA Standards…NFPA Standards…
• Main body is mandatory…SHALLSHALL
• Annex material is recommended…SHOULDSHOULD
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NFPA Apparatus CommitteeNFPA Apparatus Committee
• NFPA 1901 Committee is responsible for:– 1901:1901: FD Apparatus– 1906:1906: Wildland Apparatus– 1911:1911: In-Service Testing, Maintenance and
Replacement– 1912:1912: Refurbishment
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NFPA Apparatus Committee…NFPA Apparatus Committee…
• Committee balance is mandatory
– 1/3 Fire ServiceFire Service (10)
– 1/3 ManufacturersManufacturers (10)
– 1/3 Experts, Specialists, TestingExperts, Specialists, Testing (10)
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NFPA Apparatus Committee…NFPA Apparatus Committee…
• Almost all current members have been in the fire service
• Chairman is alwaysalways afire service officer
– Chief Don Frazeur, LAFDChief Don Frazeur, LAFD
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One Last Word About The StandardOne Last Word About The Standard
• Everything in 1901 is there for a reason!
• Usually something undesirable has happened:– A firefighter has been injured or worse, killed
• Pay attention – they could save your life!
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NFPA 1901 2009 EditionNFPA 1901 2009 Edition
• Now available. Order at:– 800-344-3555
– www.nfpa.org
• Applies to all orders signed after January 1, 2009
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What WeWill Cover
NFPAAccuracy
Requirements
NFPAAcceptedTesting
Methods
NFPAManufacturer,
Installerand AHJTesting
Requirements
Testing AFoamProSystem
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Proportioning RatesProportioning Rates
• Ratio of concentrate to water
• Expressed as a percentage– 1.0% = 1 unit of concentrate to 99 units of
water– 3.0% = 3 units of concentrate to 97 units of
water– 0.5% = 0.5 unit of concentrate to 99.5 units of
water
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Common Proportioning RatesCommon Proportioning Rates
• Class A– 0.1% - 1.0%
• Class B– 1%, 3%, 6%– (1% x 3%), (3% x 6%), (3% x 3%)
(Hydrocarbons x Polar Solvent fuels)
• Emulsifiers / Gels– Varies by manufacturer / usage
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• For proportioning rates equal or greater than 1%:– - 0% to + 30% or 1 percentage point, whichever is less
(20.10.3)• For proportioning rates less than 1%:
– - 0% to + 40% (20.10.2)
6%
30%30% 20%20% 10%10% 10%10% 20%20% 30%30%
3%
1%
- +40%40%
Lean Rich
Allowable Range:Allowable Range:
6%:6%: 6.0 – 7.0%6.0 – 7.0%
3%:3%: 3.0 - 3.9%3.0 - 3.9%
1%:1%: 1.0 – 1.3%1.0 – 1.3%
0.5%: 0.5 – 0.70%0.5%: 0.5 – 0.70%
0.2%: 0.2 – 0.28%0.2%: 0.2 – 0.28%
NFPA 1901 and 1906 Now Require…NFPA 1901 and 1906 Now Require…
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Why Is Accuracy So Important?Why Is Accuracy So Important?
• Performance– Ability to make wet, fluid or dry foam (Class A
foam)– Ability to richen for heavy rain (Class B foam)– Ability to seal (Class B foam)
• Logistics
• Cost
• Environmental Concerns (Class B)
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What WeWill Cover
NFPAAccuracy
Requirements
NFPAAcceptedTesting
Methods
NFPAManufacturer,
Installerand AHJTesting
Requirements
Testing AFoamProSystem
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Manufacturer’s Responsibilities – Manufacturer’s Responsibilities – What to ExpectWhat to Expect
• Chapter Four of NFPA 1901 requires:– If the apparatus has a foam
proportioning system, the foam proportioning system manufacturer’s certification of accuracy (see 20.10.4.2) and the final installer’s certification the foam proportioning system meets this standard(see 20.11.2)
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Labels and Instruction PlatesLabels and Instruction Plates
• An instruction plate shall be provided for the foam proportioning system that includes, at a minimum, a piping schematic of the system and basic operating instructions.
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Labels and Instruction PlatesLabels and Instruction Plates
• Foam classification type
• Maximum and minimum proportioning rates (percent)
• Maximum and minimum waterflow [gpm (L/min)]
• Maximum and minimum operating pressures
• The statement “Use only concentrates that are compatible with this foam proportioning system. Refer to the foam proportioning system manufacturer’s operating manual.”
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Foam Proportioning System Accuracy.
• The foam proportioning system shall be type tested and certified by the foam proportioning system manufacturer to be accurate throughout the foam proportioning system’s declared range of waterflow, water pressure, foam percentage (or foam proportioning system capacity), and concentrate viscosity.
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The methods of testing a foam proportioning system for
calibration accuracy. • Substituting water for foam concentrate
• Measuring foam concentrate pump output directly
• Determining foam percentage by use of a refractometer
• Determining foam percentage by use of a conductivity meter
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How Accurate Are These Test Methods?How Accurate Are These Test Methods?
• Volumetric is most accurate (and least expensive)
• Measuring equipment must be calibrated correctly
• Foam viscosities may effect your results if you are substituting water for foam
• Conditions may not lend themselves to using refractometer or conductivity
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Substituting water for foam Substituting water for foam concentrateconcentrate
• The proportioning system is operated at the waterflow rates at which the system is to be tested.
• Using water as a foam substitute draw from a separate calibrated tank rather than the foam concentrate tank.
• The volume of water drawn from the calibrated tank divided by the volume of water pumped over the same time period multiplied by 100 represents the percentage of foam the proportioning system is producing.
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Measuring foam concentrate pump output directly
• With the foam proportioning system operating at a given waterflow rate and either foam concentrate or water used as a substitute for foam concentrate, the output of the foam concentrate pump is measured by diverting that output into a calibrated container for direct measurement over a given period of time. An alternative is to measure the foam concentrate flow or water substitute with a calibrated meter.
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Determining Foam Percentage by Use of a Refractometer.
• This test determines the accuracy of a foam system’s proportioning equipment by measuring the percentage concentration of a foam concentrate in the foam solution.
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Determining Foam Percentage by Use of a Refractometer.
• The amount of foam concentrate in the solution is measured with a refractometer.
• A base calibration curve is first drawn using the samples of foam concentrate and water taken from the foam system.
• Samples of the actual foam solution produced by the system are then tested and plotted on the graph.
• The results must fall within the parameters set by NFPA
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Determining Foam Determining Foam Percentage by Use of a Percentage by Use of a
Conductivity Meter.Conductivity Meter.• The conductivity test method is
based on changes in electrical conductivity as foam concentrate is added to water.
• The accuracy of this type of testing will deteriorate as the conductivity of the water and concentrate approach each other.
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Measuring Foam Output Using The Measuring Foam Output Using The Volumetric MethodVolumetric Method
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InstrumentationInstrumentation
• The instruments on the right of the ruler are conductivity meters and the instrument on the left is a refractometer
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NFPA 1911NFPA 1911Standard for the Inspection, Standard for the Inspection,
Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire of In-Service Automotive Fire
ApparatusApparatus
2007 Edition
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Performance Testing Of Foam Performance Testing Of Foam Proportioning Systems (1911)Proportioning Systems (1911)
• 20.1 Test to determine if capable of delivering foam for the agents used
• 20.1.1 Tested at least annually• 20.1.2 Inspect all components• 20.2 Operated at % specified by AHJ at flows and
pressures for the agent(s) used• 20.2.1 Measure calibration accuracy• 20.2.2 Use same test points for every test• 20.3 Acceptable Testing Methods• 20.4 Test all concentrates carried• 20.5 Meet accuracy level in effect during install
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NFPA 11 Inspection and Test FormsNFPA 11 Inspection and Test Forms
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What WeWill Cover
NFPAAccuracy
Requirements
NFPAAcceptedTesting
Methods
NFPAManufacturer,
Installerand AHJTesting
Requirements
Testing AFoamProSystem
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NFPA 1901 Purchaser RequirementsNFPA 1901 Purchaser Requirements
20.3.2 The purchaser shall specify the following:
(1) Range of waterflows and pressures
(2) Proportioning rates
(3) Types of concentrate(s) (Class A, Class B, etc)
(4) Brand and viscosity of concentrate
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20.10 Foam Proportioning System 20.10 Foam Proportioning System Accuracy (1901 and 1906)Accuracy (1901 and 1906)
20.10.1 The foam proportioning system shall be type tested and certified by the foam proportioning system manufacturer to be accurate throughout the foam proportioning system’s declared range of water flow, water pressure, foam percentage (or foam proportioning system capacity), and concentrate viscosity.
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20.10.1.1 Test Points for 20.10.1.1 Test Points for (Manufacturer’s)(Manufacturer’s) Certification of Foam Proportioning System Certification of Foam Proportioning System
Performance (1901 and 1906)Performance (1901 and 1906)
WaterflowWater
Pressure
Foam Percentage or Foam Proportioning
System Capacity
Minimum Minimum Minimum
Maximum Maximum Maximum
Minimum Maximum Minimum
Maximum Minimum Maximum
Midrange Midrange Midrange
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3-D Description Of Terms3-D Description Of Terms
Water Flow
Wat
er P
ress
ure
Foam O
utput
Minimum / Minimum / Minimum
Maximum / Maximum / Maximum
Midrange
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20.11 Testing and Documentation20.11 Testing and Documentation
20.11.1 The final installer shall test and certify the following:
(1) The foam proportioning system, as installed, complies with the foam manufacturer’s installation recommendations.
(2) The foam proportioning system has been calibrated and tested to meet the foam equipment manufacturer’s and the purchaser’s specifications.
(3) At a minimum, the foam proportioning system has been tested at the points defined in Table 20.11.1 for each foam system injection point.
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20.11.1 Test Points for Installation Testing of 20.11.1 Test Points for Installation Testing of Foam Proportioning System PerformanceFoam Proportioning System Performance
(1901 and 1906)(1901 and 1906)
Waterflow Water PressureFoam Percentage or Foam Proportioning
System Capacity
Midrange Midrange Midrange
Minimum Minimum Minimum
Maximum Maximum Maximum
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What WeWill Cover
NFPAAccuracy
Requirements
NFPAAcceptedTesting
Methods
NFPAManufacturer,
Installerand AHJTesting
Requirements
Testing AFoamProSystem
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Performance Testing A FoamProPerformance Testing A FoamPro
• Most accurate test method is volumetric.– Measure water by either flow or volume
– Flow using a pitot gauge– Volume using a calibrated container
– Measure foam by volume or flow– Volume using a calibrated container– Flow using a calibrated flow meter
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Tools RequiredTools Required
• Pitot gauge for measuring water flow
• Calibrated container for collecting foam (water)
• Pressure gauge with load valve to set “back pressure”
• Stop watch
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Measuring Water Flow – Pitot GaugeMeasuring Water Flow – Pitot Gauge
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Pressure Gauge / Load Valve AssemblyPressure Gauge / Load Valve AssemblyTo Simulate Back Pressure In Foam LineTo Simulate Back Pressure In Foam Line
1. Plumb to calibrate side of Cal / Inject Valve
2. Use Load Valve to adjust Back Pressure
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Installer Testing A FoamPro Model 2001 Installer Testing A FoamPro Model 2001 And 2-1/2” FlowmeterAnd 2-1/2” Flowmeter
• Cross reference the proportioner model and the flowmeter size on the testing matrix chart
WaterFlow:
Use
Simulated
Flow Rate:
Use
Foam Percentage:
Water
Pressure
Set At:
Foam System Output
Should Be:
250 GPM 100 0.8% 400 PSI 0.8 Gallons
750 GPM 100 2.6% 150 PSI 2.6 Gallons
20 GPM 20 0.1% 150 PSI 0.02 Gallons
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Questions / CommentsQuestions / Comments
Bill Ballantyne
651-766-6308
Download this presentation at:
www.foampro.com
Jim Johannessen
717-459-3391
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And Finally, Remember To Always:And Finally, Remember To Always:
Buckle Up!
Use Foam!
Be Safe!
Thank You!
