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The state of agriculture and challenges in Mozambique
Rafael N. Uaiene,[email protected]
Maputo, 09 February 2011
2
Background and Motivation Mozambique a poor country with large
agricultural potential. 36 million hectares of arable land Numerous rivers and reasonable rainfall in
many parts Less than 5 million hectares actually planted in
2003 and an even lower rate of use of water resources
Agriculture currently characterized by low productivity subsistence production.
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Agriculture growth and Contribution to GDP
Agriculture contributes about 24% of GDP
Agriculture grew by more than 7% per year between 2003 and 2009
Year %GDP % Growth
2003 23.4 5.2
2004 22.8 5.1
2005 22.5 6.9
2006 22.9 10.4
2007 23.1 8.2
2008 23.6 9.3
2009 23.8 7.4
Source: INE
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Major food crops
Maize51%
Cassava37%
Rice9%
Sorghum2%
Others1%
Maize Cassava Rice Sorghum Others
Source: TIA, 2008
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Major Food Crops , Small, Medium Enterprises by Crop and Year (ton)
2002 2003 2005 2006 2007
Maize 1 114 1 179 942 1 396 1 134
Rice 93 117 65 98 103
Sesame 138 191 115 202 167
Millet 12 22 15 22 25
Nhemba beens 54 64 48 71 62
Cassava 3 455 6 547 5000 6 659 4 959
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Yield are low: e.g. Maize
0.87
0.760.79
0.9
0.68
0.62
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Yie
ld (
ton
/ha
)
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Low agriculture Performance – The example of Maize
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
300019
61
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Mozambique Malawi Fonte: FAOSTAT
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Agriculture growth Driven by increased area Low and constant level of labour and land
productivity Expected future growth on non- labour-
intensive agriculture and manufacturing Large commercial plantation eg. Banana,
Biofuels, food (by foreign governments ?) Low job creation
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Low input use
9
10
Low use of improved Seeds
10
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High Poverty in Mozambique
Poor performance of agriculture in Mozambique results in high poverty rates
National poverty head count not decreasing
Rural areas worst off Central part of
Mozambique doing poorly
Region 2002-03 2008-09
National 54.1 54.7
Urban 51.5 49.6
Rural 55.3 56.9
North 55.3 46.5
Centre 45.5 59.7
South 66.5 56.9
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• A large number of
promising technologies
are already available in
Mozambique.
• But access of small
farm households to the
technologies is not
easy.
Technology Cropping season
2001/02
2007/08
Fertilizer use 3.7 3.5
Pesticide use 6.7 5.1
Animal traction use
11.2 8.6
Access to extension
13.78.3
.
Sources: TIA 2002 and TIA 2008
Adoption of new technologies by farm households
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Challenges Clear definition and funding of core public
functions Agricultural research and Innovation Extension Services Information/Agric Statistics Regulation Monitoring and Evaluation Strategies
instability and weak capacity of Agriculture Administration and services
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Challenges Adequate funding for core functions of
Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Research and Extension Agricultural services:
Seeds Crop and Animal Protection Irrigation Information/Agricultural Statistics Regulatory and
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Challenges Research and extension
appropriate technology must reach farmers and be adopted for use within the different farming systems
Access to water Addressing inefficient management practices
in water use and rain-fed agriculture is vital for the growth of the sector.
Access to credit: FDD yes but how to engage private initiatives
in this area?
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Challenges Access to land and land rights
secure land tenure and private use rights greatly improve the efficacy of rural development activities
Roads Improve maintenance of rural roads will boost the
growth of productivity Policies, markets and agribusiness
Need to create enabling frameworks and policies for agribusiness, agro-industry and improvement of markets
Market failures have been acute, especially in rural Mozambique
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Current and Recent Policy initiatives to address the challenges Green Revolution Strategy (2007) Food Production Action Plan (FPAP) Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
Plan (PEDSA) Comprehensive African Agricultural
Development Program (CAADP)
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Thank you for attention !Thank you for attention !
