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Study of LifeStudy of Life

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What is Biology?What is Biology?

BiologyBiology is the study of all living is the study of all living thingsthings

Living things are called Living things are called organismsorganismsOrganisms include bacteria, Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animalsprotists, fungi, plants and animals

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All Living Things Share All Living Things Share Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics

1.1. Have Have Cellular organizationCellular organization

2.2. Are made from Are made from ChemicalsChemicals

3.3. Obtain & Use Obtain & Use EnergyEnergy

4.4. Grow & DevelopGrow & Develop

5.5. They They ReproduceReproduce

6.6. RespondRespond To Their Environment To Their Environment

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Characteristics of OrganismsCharacteristics of Organisms

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1. All Organisms have 1. All Organisms have Cellular organizationCellular organization

Cells are the Cells are the smallest living unitsmallest living unit of of an organisman organism

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2. Made of chemicals2. Made of chemicals

ChemicalsChemicalsChemicals are Chemicals are anything made of anything made of mattermatter

The smallest unit The smallest unit of matter is the of matter is the atomatom

Atoms are the Atoms are the smallest unit to smallest unit to make up an make up an elementelement

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Chemical GroupsChemical GroupsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates (provide short-term (provide short-term energy)energy)Lipids Lipids (provide long-term energy & (provide long-term energy & insulation)insulation)Proteins Proteins (provide movement)(provide movement)Nucleic acids, Nucleic acids, esp.esp. DNA DNA ((deoxyribonucleic aciddeoxyribonucleic acid) carries the ) carries the genetic code for all organismsgenetic code for all organisms

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3. Cells Require Food & Energy3. Cells Require Food & Energy

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Food RequirementsFood RequirementsAutotrophsAutotrophs can make can make their own foodtheir own food– Most use the sunMost use the sun

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs can NOT can NOT make their own foodmake their own food– They must consume They must consume

other organismsother organisms

All organisms use All organisms use energy, called energy, called ATPATP

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4. Organisms Grow & Develop4. Organisms Grow & Develop

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Growth & DevelopmentGrowth & Development

Organisms Organisms GROW GROW by by producing producing more cells more cells and by and by cell cell enlargementenlargement

Organisms Organisms DEVELOP DEVELOP as they as they maturemature into an into an adult organismadult organism

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5. 5. Reproduction – 2 typesReproduction – 2 types

Sexual Sexual ReproductionReproductionInvolves 2 parentsInvolves 2 parents

Genetically different Genetically different

Asexual Asexual ReproductionReproductionInvolves a single Involves a single organism or cellorganism or cell

Genetically identicalGenetically identical

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6. Organisms Respond to 6. Organisms Respond to StimuliStimuli

Organisms Organisms respondrespond to to stimulistimuli (temperature, water, food supplies, (temperature, water, food supplies, etc.) etc.) in order to survive & in order to survive & reproducereproduce

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4 Needs of Living Things4 Needs of Living Things

1.1. WaterWater Most cells contain Most cells contain

2.2. FoodFood For energyFor energy

3.3. Living SpaceLiving Space For protection & maintaining #4For protection & maintaining #4

4.4. Stable Internal ConditionsStable Internal Conditions

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HomeostasisHomeostasisHomeostasis:Homeostasis: Keeping the internal Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for lifewithin the ranges required for life

Stable internal conditions of Stable internal conditions of pH, pH, temperature, water balance, etctemperature, water balance, etc..

How do we remain stable??How do we remain stable??

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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationAtomsAtomsMoleculesMoleculesOrganellesOrganellesCellsCells – life starts here – life starts hereTissuesTissuesOrgansOrgansSystemSystemOrganismOrganism

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