11

Speaking inSpeaking inSmall GroupsSmall Groups

Chapter 20Chapter 20

22

Small Group SpeakingSmall Group Speaking

Speaking to give a Speaking to give a presentation to a small presentation to a small collection of individuals collection of individuals oror

Speaking as part of a Speaking as part of a small group of peoplesmall group of people

33

Small GroupSmall Group

Three to fifteen peopleThree to fifteen people Who must work Who must work

togethertogether To achieve a common To achieve a common

goalgoal Who have the ability to Who have the ability to

influence one anotherinfluence one another

44

RolesRoles

The positions group The positions group members must fill for members must fill for the group to accomplish the group to accomplish its goalsits goals

55

Ways to Become aWays to Become aGroup LeaderGroup Leader

VolunteerVolunteer Be elected Be elected Be appointed Be appointed EmergeEmerge

66

Leadership BehaviorsLeadership Behaviors

Involve making sense of Involve making sense of information & problem information & problem solvingsolving

77

Problems to OvercomeProblems to Overcome

Cognitive ConstraintsCognitive Constraints Affiliative ConstraintsAffiliative Constraints Egocentric ConstraintsEgocentric Constraints

88

Tips for Being an Tips for Being an Effective LeaderEffective Leader

Ask questionsAsk questions Summarize the Summarize the

discussion at key timesdiscussion at key times Involve everyone in Involve everyone in

discussionsdiscussions Keep the group on taskKeep the group on task

99

Types of Group RolesTypes of Group Roles

Group task rolesGroup task roles Group building & Group building &

maintenance rolesmaintenance roles Egocentric rolesEgocentric roles

1010

Group Task RolesGroup Task Roles

Positions that help the Positions that help the group achieve its taskgroup achieve its task

1111

Group Building & Group Building & Maintenance RolesMaintenance Roles

Help strengthen, Help strengthen, organize, and keep the organize, and keep the group focused & moving group focused & moving forwardforward

Help group members get Help group members get along better & overcome along better & overcome affiliative constraintsaffiliative constraints

1212

Egocentric RolesEgocentric Roles

Place the needs of an Place the needs of an individual member individual member above the group & are above the group & are destructive to the destructive to the groupgroup

1313

Tips for Being an Tips for Being an Effective Group Effective Group ParticipantParticipant

Always consider the Always consider the goals of the groupgoals of the group

Consider your Consider your nonverbal nonverbal communication signalscommunication signals

Avoid interpersonal Avoid interpersonal conflictconflict

1414

Reflective Thinking Reflective Thinking MethodMethod

A five-step method for A five-step method for structuring a problem-structuring a problem-solving discussionsolving discussion

Check Web Link 20.2: The Philosophy of John Dewey at the Invitation to Public Speaking website.

1515

Reflective Thinking Reflective Thinking MethodMethod

Identify the problemIdentify the problem Analyze the problemAnalyze the problem Suggest possible solutionsSuggest possible solutions Consider the implications Consider the implications

of the solutionsof the solutions Reach a decision about Reach a decision about

the best solutionthe best solution

1616

BrainstormingBrainstorming

The process of The process of generating ideas generating ideas randomly & uncritically, randomly & uncritically, without attention to without attention to logic, connections or logic, connections or relevancerelevance

(ch. 4)(ch. 4)

1717

GroupthinkGroupthink

When the group When the group conforms to a single conforms to a single frame of mind & frame of mind & chooses a solution chooses a solution without fully & without fully & objectively examining objectively examining other possible solutionsother possible solutions

1818

Oral ReportsOral Reports

Individual speech that Individual speech that presents group’s presents group’s findings, conclusions or findings, conclusions or proposalsproposals

To other members of To other members of the group or to a larger the group or to a larger audienceaudience

1919

Panel DiscussionPanel Discussion

Structured discussion, Structured discussion, facilitated by a facilitated by a moderator, among moderator, among group membersgroup members

In front of an audienceIn front of an audience

2020

SymposiumSymposium

Public discussion, Public discussion, several people each several people each give speeches on give speeches on different aspects of different aspects of same topicsame topic

2121

Team PresentationTeam Presentation

Several members of Several members of group, group,

Each person presenting Each person presenting different speech on different speech on single topicsingle topic

2222

Tips for Giving Tips for Giving Effective Group Effective Group PresentationsPresentations Consider the group’s Consider the group’s

purposepurpose Use appropriate delivery Use appropriate delivery

style & skillsstyle & skills Organize your presentationOrganize your presentation Use effective visual aids as Use effective visual aids as

neededneeded