1 Presented by: Chowdhury Mufad Ahmed Joint Program Director Second Primary Education Development Program A Presentation on Challenges of Aid Harmonization

1

Presented by:Presented by:

Chowdhury Mufad AhmedChowdhury Mufad Ahmed

Joint Program DirectorJoint Program DirectorSecond Primary Education Development ProgramSecond Primary Education Development Program

A Presentation onA Presentation on

Challenges of Aid Harmonization Challenges of Aid Harmonization

in in

Second Primary Education Development Second Primary Education Development ProgramProgram

(PEDP II)(PEDP II)

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Background of PEDP IIBackground of PEDP II

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Type of SchoolType of School No. of No. of SchoolsSchools

Govt. Primary SchoolsGovt. Primary Schools 3767237672

Registered Non Govt. Primary SchoolsRegistered Non Govt. Primary Schools 1968219682

Experimental SchoolsExperimental Schools 5454

Community SchoolsCommunity Schools 30273027

Non-registered Non-Govt. Primary Non-registered Non-Govt. Primary SchoolsSchools

946946

KindergartenKindergarten 22812281

NGO SchoolsNGO Schools 289289

Ebtedaee MadrasahsEbtedaee Madrasahs 67686768

Primary Sections of High MadrasahsPrimary Sections of High Madrasahs 83298329

Primary Sections of High SchoolsPrimary Sections of High Schools 13531353

Total:Total: 8040180401

Primary Education in BangladeshPrimary Education in BangladeshSuccess in AccessSuccess in Access

Types and Number of Primary SchoolsTypes and Number of Primary Schools

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Primary Education in Primary Education in BangladeshBangladesh

Success in AccessSuccess in Access

Number of children in Number of children in 6~10 year age group: 6~10 year age group: 1.73 crore1.73 crore

Number of Primary School Number of Primary School students: students: 1.62 crore1.62 crore

Gross Enrolment Rate: Gross Enrolment Rate: 94% 94% Net Enrolment rate: Net Enrolment rate: 87% 87% Gender Parity: Gender Parity: 100 boys against 100 boys against

105 girls105 girls

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GPS

58%

RNGPS

22%

EXP.

0%NGPS

1%

EB

5%

H/A PS

2%

H/A MAD

7.1%

COM

3%

NGO

0%

KG

2%

GPS RNGPS NGPS EXP. EB KG NGO COM H/A MAD H/A PS

Enrolment in different types of primary level educational institutions

Enrolment in different types ofEnrolment in different types ofprimary level educational primary level educational

institutionsinstitutions

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Primary Education in Primary Education in Bangladesh Bangladesh LimitationsLimitations

Repetition rate:Repetition rate: National Average:National Average:11.2%11.2% Girls:Girls: 10.9%10.9% Boys:Boys: 11.5%11.5%

Survival rate to Grade V:Survival rate to Grade V: National Average:National Average:52.9%52.9% Girls:Girls: 56.9%56.9% Boys:Boys: 49%49%

Student absenteeism:Student absenteeism:National Average:National Average:23%23%

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Student-teacher ratio:Student-teacher ratio:National Average:National Average: 47:147:1

Government Primary School:Government Primary School: 58:158:1

Regd. Non-Govt. primary School: Regd. Non-Govt. primary School: 46:146:1

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Average number of students per Average number of students per classroomclassroom

Government Primary School:Government Primary School: 6868

Registered Non-Government primary School:Registered Non-Government primary School:6363

The Range Varies from 24 to 200 students The Range Varies from 24 to 200 students perper

classroomclassroom

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Primary Education in Primary Education in Bangladesh Bangladesh Limitations Limitations

Because of accommodation problem 91% of Because of accommodation problem 91% of thethe

schools (GPS and RNGPS) are running a schools (GPS and RNGPS) are running a staggeredstaggered

system of schooling.system of schooling.

Contact Hours Contact Hours Single shift schools:Single shift schools: 900 hours per annum 900 hours per annum

Double shift schools: 600 hours per annumDouble shift schools: 600 hours per annum

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Result is Result is

unsatisfactory unsatisfactory

learning learning

outcomeoutcome

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Transition from Projects Transition from Projects to Programto Program

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Projects in the primary education sub-Projects in the primary education sub-

sectorsector

Over 20 projects including around 10 Over 20 projects including around 10 assisted by DPs like Unicef,IDA, ADB, EC, assisted by DPs like Unicef,IDA, ADB, EC, DFID, NORAD, GTZ,KFW,IDB DFID, NORAD, GTZ,KFW,IDB

Some good initiatives and impactSome good initiatives and impact Institutionalization and sustainability Institutionalization and sustainability

questionablequestionable

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Concerns of the DPsConcerns of the DPs

Lack of experience in education capacity in the Lack of experience in education capacity in the fieldfield

Need for DPs to accept a non-leadership roleNeed for DPs to accept a non-leadership role A certain loss of authority for most DPsA certain loss of authority for most DPs Lack of harmonization of procedures, rules and Lack of harmonization of procedures, rules and

regulationsregulations

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Concerns of the GovernmentConcerns of the Government

• Will ‘too many cooks spoil the broth?’Will ‘too many cooks spoil the broth?’• Challenges of donor coordination Challenges of donor coordination • Some skepticism after the experience Some skepticism after the experience with heath SWAPwith heath SWAP

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Preparation of PEDP IIPreparation of PEDP II

It took over 2 years to prepare PEDP-IIIt took over 2 years to prepare PEDP-II GoB and DPs share single vision to support GoB and DPs share single vision to support

quality in primary education to achieve better quality in primary education to achieve better student learning, improved access, retention and student learning, improved access, retention and completioncompletion

Realization that fragmented approaches through Realization that fragmented approaches through special arrangements not good for long-term special arrangements not good for long-term institutionalization and sustainabilityinstitutionalization and sustainability

UNICEF and JICA also keen to join as parallel UNICEF and JICA also keen to join as parallel financiersfinanciers

Lessons learned from Health SWAP incorporatedLessons learned from Health SWAP incorporated

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Second Primary Education Second Primary Education Development Program Development Program (PEDP II)(PEDP II)

The first ever (sub) sector-wide The first ever (sub) sector-wide PROGRAM approachPROGRAM approach (SWAP) in the (SWAP) in the

education sector of Bangladesheducation sector of Bangladesh

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Program Features and Program Features and StrategiesStrategies

• Focus is quality of primary education for all Focus is quality of primary education for all children in Bangladeshchildren in Bangladesh

• the government is in the driver’s seatthe government is in the driver’s seat• 8 development partners pooled their fund 8 development partners pooled their fund

and 3 development partners are ‘parallel’ and 3 development partners are ‘parallel’ financiers financiers

• being implemented by the line divisions of being implemented by the line divisions of the Department of Primary Educationthe Department of Primary Education

• implementation period of 6 (six) years from implementation period of 6 (six) years from 2004 to 20092004 to 2009

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Program Approach in PEDP-II

Program Approach in Health Sector

Sub-sector approach, involves only primary Education Sub-sector

Sector approach. Involves integration of Health and Population sub sectors.

Only two types of financing: co-financing by major co-financiers through ADB.

Multiple modes of financing: some co-financiers (pooled funders) also channel funds bilaterally, making the financing and reporting system complicated.

Manageable procurement packages following GOB, ADB and IDA rules and regulations.

Time consuming centralized bulk procurement, mostly through International Competitive Bidding procedure

PEDP II and HPSPPEDP II and HPSP

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Program Approach in PEDP-II

Program Approach in Health Sector

One Program Coordination Unit to support PMU in the implementation of overall program. The management structure is designed to ensure efficiency and avoid overlap of functions.

In addition to a Program Coordination Cell, the design has included several other units to coordinate and implement various activites, such as Management Accounts Unit, Management Change Unit, etc. causing overlaps.

PEDP-II Liaison Office,PLU, is physically located outside the Lead Agency’s Resident Mission Office

Program Donors’ Office physically located in the Lead Agency’s office.

PEDP II and HPSPPEDP II and HPSP

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Key ObjectivesKey Objectives

• Increase primary school access, Increase primary school access, participation and completion in accordance participation and completion in accordance with the Government’s ‘Education For All’ with the Government’s ‘Education For All’ (EFA), Poverty Reduction Strategy, (EFA), Poverty Reduction Strategy, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other policy commitments.other policy commitments.

• Improve the quality of student learning Improve the quality of student learning and achievement outcomes to Primary and achievement outcomes to Primary School Quality Levels (PSQL) standard.School Quality Levels (PSQL) standard.

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PEDP II: PEDP II: Main InterventionsMain Interventions

Recruitment of additional Recruitment of additional teachers,trainers and officialsteachers,trainers and officials

Supply textbook and supplementary Supply textbook and supplementary reading materials,reading and teaching reading materials,reading and teaching learning materialslearning materials

Different types of training for teachersDifferent types of training for teachers Capacity building at different levels Capacity building at different levels

through need based training.through need based training.

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• Building new classrooms and toilets in Building new classrooms and toilets in schools schools

Supply of improved school furniture Supply of improved school furniture better suited to learning needsbetter suited to learning needs

• Provide tube wells at school campus for Provide tube wells at school campus for safe drinking watersafe drinking water

• Construction/renovation of of office Construction/renovation of of office buildings, training institutesbuildings, training institutes

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Public awareness campaignPublic awareness campaign Devolution of authority to different level.Devolution of authority to different level. Inclusive education programInclusive education program Early childhood educationEarly childhood education Continue stipend program for financial Continue stipend program for financial

support to the poorest familiessupport to the poorest families

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Initial Challenges of PEDP II

Transition from Project Approach to Program Approach:

• Lack of appropriate regulatory regimeLack of appropriate regulatory regime• Orientation of all stakeholdersOrientation of all stakeholders with the new concept of program with the new concept of program approachapproach• To prepare the institutions for program To prepare the institutions for program implementationimplementation

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Complexity of financial system of PEDP-II

Multiple sources of fund:• Government of Bangladesh• Bi-lateral grant• IDA Credit• ADB Loan• UNICEF Parallel Fund• JICA Parallel Fund

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Initial Challenges of PEDP II:

Complexity of financial system of PEDP-II

• Complex fund flow mechanismComplex fund flow mechanism• Sharing from GOB and CPTASharing from GOB and CPTA• 100% RPA for some activities100% RPA for some activities• TAX & VAT -100% GOBTAX & VAT -100% GOB• Direct funding by DPs for ICB procurementDirect funding by DPs for ICB procurement• Special arrangements for parallel financiersSpecial arrangements for parallel financiers

Diagram

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PEDP-II Financing PlanPEDP-II Financing Plan

SourceSource Total CostTotal Cost(US $ (US $

Million)Million)

PercentagPercentage of total e of total

costcost

Asian Development Bank (ADB)Asian Development Bank (ADB) 100100 5.55.5

International Development Agency (IDA), The World International Development Agency (IDA), The World BankBank

150150 8.38.3

Department for International Development (DFID)Department for International Development (DFID) 150150 8.38.3

European CommissionEuropean Commission 100100 5.55.5

NetherlandsNetherlands 5050 2.82.8

Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD)Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD) 4040 2.22.2

Swedish International Development Authority Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA)(SIDA)

2929 1.61.6

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) 2020 1.11.1

Government of Japan (JICA)Government of Japan (JICA) 33 0.20.2

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Australian United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Australian GovernmentGovernment

1212 0.70.7

Government of Bangladesh (GOB)Government of Bangladesh (GOB)(including 864 million for stipend program)(including 864 million for stipend program)

11611161 63.963.9

TotalTotal 18151815 100.00100.00

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Coping with new and varied Procurement Guidelines

Three Procurement Guidelines:•Public Procurement Regulation 2003 of GOB•World Bank Procurement Guidelines •ADB Guidelines

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The challenges have been overcome

• A SWAP(or sub-SWAP) is in place and working satisfactorily• An effective coordination among donors and between the government and the development partners• Varied systems of different development partners mostly converged into into a harmonized PEDP II system• A complex financial system has been successfully made to work across PEDP II• PPR 2003 has been mainstreamed across DPE • ADB procurement guidelines and and World Bank Procurement Guidelines are being followed properly in required areas

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PEDP-IIPEDP-II

Officially the Program completed Officially the Program completed its Forth Year!its Forth Year!

But the real implementation But the real implementation period is two and a half years.period is two and a half years.

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First Year of PEDP-II

FY 2003-04:

• World bank Credit Negotiations: 15 December 2003

• ADB Loan Agreement Signed: 20 January 2004• ADB Loan became effective: 19 April 2004 • IDA Credit Effectiveness: 24 May 2004

No RPA fund was available. Only 10 Crore takaCDVAT paid for imported paper.

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Second Year of PEDP-II

FY 2004-05:

Release of initial advance:

Grant: 25 August 2004ADB Loan: 2 October 2004IDA Credit: 28 December 2004

Civil Works was 80% of the AOP. Clearance received

for the packages April 2005.

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PEDP-II Financial Progress

Fiscal Year ExpenditureIn crore taka

% of the total PEDP II PP cost

(Tk.4933 crore)

FY 2003-04 10 0.20

FY 2004-05 237 4.80

FY 2005-06 1011 20.49

FY 2006-07 872 17.68

Cumulative 2003-2007

2130 43.18

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PEDP-II Financial Progress

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4

Year

exp

end

itu

re (

Cro

re t

aka)

Series1

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Way forwardWay forward

Mid Term Review is scheduled in October/NovemberMid Term Review is scheduled in October/November

20072007 A Joint Working Group of the government and DP A Joint Working Group of the government and DP

representatives is meeting regularly to closely plan representatives is meeting regularly to closely plan and monitor the key priorities/actions leading up to and monitor the key priorities/actions leading up to the MTR,the MTR,

Following the MTR it will be appropriate to initiate Following the MTR it will be appropriate to initiate the planning for the follow-up program.the planning for the follow-up program.

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Paris Declaration Paris Declaration

and and

PEDP IIPEDP II

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1.1. Ownership:Ownership: Partner countries exercise effective leadership over Partner countries exercise effective leadership over their development policies, and strategies and coordinate their development policies, and strategies and coordinate development actions;development actions;

2.2. Alignment:Alignment: Donors base their overall support on partner countries’ Donors base their overall support on partner countries’ national development strategies, institutions and procedures;national development strategies, institutions and procedures;

3.3. Harmonization:Harmonization: Donors’ actions are more harmonized, transparent Donors’ actions are more harmonized, transparent and collectively effective;and collectively effective;

4.4. Managing for Results:Managing for Results: Managing resources and improving Managing resources and improving decision-making for results anddecision-making for results and

5.5. Mutual Accountability:Mutual Accountability: Donors and partners are accountable for Donors and partners are accountable for

development results.development results.

The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness

focuses on five interrelated areas focuses on five interrelated areas

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Achievements in PEDP IIAchievements in PEDP II

Ownership: Ownership: The government prepared a sub-sector plan, the The government prepared a sub-sector plan, the

Macro Plan, for the program with support from the Macro Plan, for the program with support from the development partnersdevelopment partners

The program supports one set of policies included in The program supports one set of policies included in the policy matrix of the Program.the policy matrix of the Program.

Government-led implementation through DPEGovernment-led implementation through DPE High government ownership:Flagship program High government ownership:Flagship program

of the governmentof the government

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Alignment:Alignment: The program is based on the Macro Plan, prepared The program is based on the Macro Plan, prepared

by the government by the government GoB procedures mostly adopted GoB procedures mostly adopted GoB procurement procedures for 80% of the total GoB procurement procedures for 80% of the total

expenditure procurementexpenditure procurement

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Harmonization:Harmonization: Harmonized financial management – pooled Harmonized financial management – pooled

funding,funding,fund flow, withdrawal applications,Unicef work plan fund flow, withdrawal applications,Unicef work plan calendarcalendar

GOB accounting and auditing with provision forGOB accounting and auditing with provision forexternal audit by DPsexternal audit by DPs

Harmonized financial reporting (FMRs), Harmonized financial reporting (FMRs), ADB as the lead DP, donor consortium and donor code of ADB as the lead DP, donor consortium and donor code of

conduct to reduce transaction costsconduct to reduce transaction costs Program Liaison Unit established to help ADB Program Liaison Unit established to help ADB

administer PEDP-II, to support the Consortium and administer PEDP-II, to support the Consortium and to serve as liaison between the GOB and DPs. to serve as liaison between the GOB and DPs.

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Managing for Results: Managing for Results: AOP as a key planning and annual financing AOP as a key planning and annual financing

instrument prepared by DPE and endorsed by instrument prepared by DPE and endorsed by DPs and the Steering Committee each year as DPs and the Steering Committee each year as a basis for Implementation.a basis for Implementation.

Common reporting: quarterly reporting of Common reporting: quarterly reporting of annual operation plan (AOP).annual operation plan (AOP).

An integrated monitoring framework, the Program An integrated monitoring framework, the Program Performance Monitoring System, and a Program Performance Monitoring System, and a Program Framework developed.The program framework is Framework developed.The program framework is being revised to make it in line with current realities. being revised to make it in line with current realities.

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Mutual Accountability:Mutual Accountability: Quarterly meeting between the DPs and Quarterly meeting between the DPs and

MOPME for policy dialogueMOPME for policy dialogue Joint Annual ReviewJoint Annual Review Joint Working GroupsJoint Working Groups

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Challenges aheadChallenges ahead

Maintaining the current level of support and Maintaining the current level of support and confidence of the government and DPsconfidence of the government and DPs

Accommodating new activities and funding within Accommodating new activities and funding within PEDP II framework and making the planning and PEDP II framework and making the planning and budgeting process flexible, predictable and closely budgeting process flexible, predictable and closely linked to monitoring and updated data.linked to monitoring and updated data.

Insuring more effective harmonization among Insuring more effective harmonization among the development partners and between the the development partners and between the government and the development partnersgovernment and the development partners

To improve the reporting qualityTo improve the reporting quality and introducing a and introducing a result-based monitoring systemresult-based monitoring system

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Thank YouThank You

Documents

1 Presented by: Chowdhury Mufad Ahmed Joint Program Director Second Primary Education Development Program A Presentation on Challenges of Aid Harmonization