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1People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
2People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
ACF Action Contre le Faim
AFASS Acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe
ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability & Performance
ARV Antiretroviral (treatment of AIDS)
BCG Bacille Calmette Guerin (vaccination against tuberculosis)
BFHI Baby friendly hospital initiative
BMI Body mass index
BMS Breast milk substitute
CAP Consolidated appeals process
CBO Community based organization
3
Acronyms
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
CBTD Community based targeting and distribution (of food aid)
CDC Centre for Disease Control (US)
CERF Central emergency response fund
CHAP Consolidated humanitarian action plan
CHASE Conflict, humanitarian and security department (of DFID)
CHW Community health workers
CI Confidence interval
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIMIC Civil-military cooperation
CMAM Community based management of acute malnutrition
4
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
CMR Crude mortality rate
CRED Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
CRS Catholic Relief Services
CSB Corn soya blend
CTC Community therapeutic care
DAC Development assistance committee
DEC Disasters Emergency Committee (of UK agencies)
DFID Department for Int. Development (of UK government)
DHA Department for Humanitarian Affairs
DHS Demographic and health surveys
5
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
DRC Danish Refugees Council
DSM Dried skimmed milk
ECB Emergency Capacity Building project
ECHO European Community Humanitarian Organization
EMOP Emergency operation (by WFP)
ESFP Emergency supplementary feeding programme
ENA Emergency nutrition assessment
ENN Emergency Nutrition Network
ERC Emergency relief coordinator
ESFP Emergency supplementary feeding programmes
6
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
ACF Action Contre le Faim
AFASS Acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe
ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability & Performance
ARV Antiretroviral (treatment of AIDS)
BCG Bacille Calmette Guerin (vaccination against tuberculosis)
BFHI Baby friendly hospital initiative
BMI Body mass index
BMS Breast milk substitute
CAP Consolidated appeals process
CBO Community based organization
7
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
ACF Action Contre le Faim
AFASS Acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe
ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability & Performance
ARV Antiretroviral (treatment of AIDS)
BCG Bacille Calmette Guerin (vaccination against tuberculosis)
BFHI Baby friendly hospital initiative
BMI Body mass index
BMS Breast milk substitute
CAP Consolidated appeals process
CBO Community based organization
8
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
EWS Early warning system
FANTA Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FFW Food for work
FSAU Food Security Analysis Unit
GAM Global acute malnutrition
GFD General food distribution
GHD Good humanitarian donorship
HAP Humanitarian Accountability Partnership
HBC Home based care
9
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
HDR Humanitarian daily ration
HFA Height for age
HIS Health information system
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
IBFAN International Baby Food Action Network
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IDD Iodine deficiency disorder
IDP Internally displaced person
IEC Information, education and communication
10
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
IFE Infant and young child feeding in emergencies
IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross
IGA Income generation activity
IHL International humanitarian law
IMCI Integrated management of childhood illnesses
IRA Initial rapid assessment
IYCF Infant and young child feeding
KABP Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practice
LBW Low birth weight
LQAS Lot quality assurance sampling
11
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
MCH Mother and child health
MDD Micronutrient deficiency disorder
MDG Millennium development goal
MICS Multi-indicator cluster surveys
MOH Ministry of Health
MOU Memorandum of understanding
MSF Medecins San Frontieres
MTCT Mother to child transmission (of HIV)
MUAC Mid upper arm circumference
NCHS National Center for Health Statistics
12
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
NGT Naso-gastric tube
NICS Nutrition information in crisis situations (bulletin of the SCN)
NIE Nutrition in emergencies
NIV Nutrient intake values
OSDM On-site distribution monitoring (of food aid)
OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
ODA Official development assistance
ODAN Emergency needs assessment branch (of WFP)
ODI Overseas Development Institute
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
13
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
OFDA Office for disaster assistance (of USAID)
ORS Oral rehydration solution
OTP Outpatient
PDM Post-distribution monitoring (of food aid)
PLWHA People living with HIV and AIDs
PMTCT Prevention of mother to child transmission (of HIV)
RC Relief Committee
RTF Ready to feed formula
RUTF Ready to use therapeutic food
SD Standard deviation
14
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
SAM Severe acute malnutrition
SCHR Steering committee for humanitarian response (of NGOs)
SCN Standing Committee on Nutrition (of the UN)
SC-UK Save the Children Fund UK
SLI Safe levels of intake
SMART Standardized Monitoring & Assessment of Relief & Transitions
SFP Supplementary feeding programme
STI Sexually transmitted infection
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Fund
15
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
USAID United States Agency for International Development
U5MR Under five mortality rate
VAM Vulnerability assessment and monitoring unit (of WFP)
VCT Voluntary counseling and testing (for HIV)
WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene
WFA Weight for age
WFH Weight for height
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization16
Acronyms …
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
17People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Accountability Means by which individuals and organisations report to a
recognised authority and are held responsible for their actions
Acute malnutrition Also known as wasting, is a sign of ‘thinness’ and
develops as a result of recent rapid weight loss or a failure to gain weight.
In children, it is measured through the weight for height nutritional index
In adults it is measured by body mass index or mid upper arm circumference
18People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Acute respiratory infectionOne of the major killers of young children in developing
countries It is defined as the presence of a runny nose or cough for atleast
two consecutive days plus one or more of the following signs independent of duration: Erythematous mucosa (an increased redness of the mucosa,
due to an increase in its hemoglobin content because of increased blood flow)
Hoarse-cry (rough in sound) Respiratory distress or fever
19People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Adequate basic rationAdequate ration meets the population's minimum energy,
protein, fat and micronutrient requirements for light physical activity
It is nutritionally balanced, diversified and culturally acceptableFit for human consumption and easily digestible for children
AnaemiaCaused by lack of iron, folate or vitamin B12
Difficult to diagnose accurately from clinical signs which include pallor, tiredness, headaches and breathlessness
Angular stomatitisA Sign of riboflavin deficiency characterized by inflammation
in the corners of the mouth
20People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Anthropometric statusGrowth status of an individual in relation to population reference
values
AnthropometryBody measurements Used as a measure of an individual's nutritional (anthropometric)
status
Artificial feedingFeeding of young infants with breast milk substitute
Antiretroviral therapyTreatment that suppresses or stops a retrovirus
21People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…Retrovirus is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that
causes AIDS
AriboflavinosisCondition resulting from a deficiency in riboflavin (vitamin B2)Characterised by the presence of angular stomatitis
Beri-beriCaused by thiamine deficiencyClinically recognizable syndromes include:
Wet beri-beri (involvement of CNS) Dry beri-beri (involvement of CV system) Infantile beri-beri (Beri-beri of infants)
Blanket feedingFeeding of all an affected population without targeting specific
population groups22
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…Bitot’s spotsClinical sign of vitamin A deficiency Characterized by dryness accompanied by foamy accumulations
on the conjunctiva that often appear near the outer edge of the iris
Blended foodA precooked fortified mixture of cereals and other ingredients
such as pulses, dried skimmed milk and vegetable oilBlended foods include wheat soy blend, corn soy blend, and
'faffa’ – Chinese sea food dish
Body mass indexAcute malnutrition in adults is measured using body mass index
or weight/height2
23People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Breast milk substitutes Any food being marketed or otherwise represented as a partial or
total replacement for breast milk, whether or not suitable for that purpose
Cash transferA form of humanitarian assistance Providing cash in some form to emergency-affected populations
Chronic malnutritionAlso known as stunting, is a sign of ‘shortness’ and develops
over a long period of time In children and adults, it is measured through the height for age
nutritional index
24People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
ClusterA group of individuals selected in a sample on the basis of a
common criterion (e.g. living within a particular neighbourhood)
Cluster samplingA representative sample where the sampling unit, children or
adults, are selected in groups (clusters) rather than individually
The Code International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes, was
adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1981
Cold chainA temperature-controlled supply chain for vaccines
Corn soya blendType of blended food
25People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…ColostrumFirst thick yellow milk secreted by the breasts in the last few
weeks of pregnancy and the first two to three days after childbirthContains high levels of protein and antibodies
ConjunctivaMembrane around the eye which is examined for signs of
anaemia and jaundice
Community based therapeutic careConcept of treating as many cases as possible of severe acute
malnutrition as outpatients using RUTFs; Also called home-based treatment or ambulatory treatment
Complementary feedingAge-appropriate, adequate and safe solid or semi-solid food in
addition to breast milk or a breast milk substitute26
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…Confidence intervalStatistical term which reflects the error introduced by the
sampling method and the sample sizeConfidence intervals are usually associated with a probability of
95 per centFor example, if the survey is done 100 times the value will be
within the range of the confidence interval 95 times out of 100
Coping strategiesStrategies employed by individuals or households during crises to
preserve productive assets which are needed to sustain a living in the future
Crude mortality rateThe proportion of a defined population who die each day
expressed over 10,000
27People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…Cretinism Sever mental and physical disability which occurs in the
offspring of women with sever iodine deficiency in the first trimester of pregnancy
28People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
DiarrhoeaOne of the major killer of young children in developing countries It is defined as presence of three or more liquid or semi-liquid
stools per day accompanied or not by blood, mucous or fever
Dry feedingFood provided in the form of a dry (take home) ration
Early warning system Information system designed to monitor indicators that may
predict or forewarn of impending food shortages or famine
Emergency school feedingFood provided either as a cooked meal or supplement in school To improve school attendance and performance, and to alleviate
hunger
29People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Endemic diseaseAn infectious disease that occurs throughout the year in a
populationFor example malaria, worms, chest infections
EnergyEnergy is not a nutrient, but a measure of total food intakeCalories or kilocalories are the unitary measure of energyEnergy is needed for the essential body functions, growth and
physical activities
EnrichmentMicronutrients lost or removed during food processing are added
back or restored in the final product (e.g. wheat flour is enriched with vitamin B1, niacin and iron)
30People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
EpidemicAn outbreak of an unusually high number of cases of a disease
within a certain time or area
Exclusive breastfeedingAn infant receives only breast milk and no other liquids or solids,
not even water, with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines
FoetusDeveloping unborn child inside the mother’s uterus
Follow-on/follow-up formulaSpecially formulated milks for infants of six months and over
31People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Food economy approachA particular methodology used to assess food security
Food for workFood given as payment for work performed in the context of a
supervised public works programme, to address acute food insecurity and create community capital
Food securityAccess by all people at all times to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food needed for a healthy and active life
Food taboosFood that should not be eaten on cultural or religious grounds
Fortified foodsThe foods to which fortificants are added
32People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Fortification of foodAddition of micronutrients during or after processing to a food,
bringing the micronutrients to levels over and above the amounts in the original food product
FortificantsThe vitamins and minerals added to fortified foods
General food distributionFree distribution of a combination of food commodities to an
emergency affected population
Global acute malnutritionModerate and severe acute malnutrition measured by weight for
height <-2 Z scores or <80 per cent of the median plus oedema
33People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
GoitreSwelling of the thyroid gland in the neck caused by iodine
deficiency
Growth monitoring and promotionAn individual child’s growth (weight for age) is measured at
intervals and the results plotted on a ‘Road to Health’ chart
Healthcare systemAny governmental, non-governmental or private institution
providing healthcare
Home-modified animal milkBreast milk substitute for infants up to six monthsPrepared at home from fresh or processed animal milk, suitably
diluted with water and with the addition of sugar and micronutrients
34People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…HIV-positive Infected with HIV
Home based careProgrammes to care for the chronically ill by providing support to
sick people at home
Humanitarian daily rationsA type of emergency ration which is a nutritionally balanced,
ready-to-eat complete food. They generally come in two forms: as compressed, vacuum packed bars or tablets
Humanitarian imperativeThe premise (basis) that humanitarian action should be based on
need and need alone
HumanityTo prevent and alleviate human sufferingTo protect life and health and ensure respect for the human being
35People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
ImmunityBody’s capacity to fight disease via the immune system
ImpartialityAid is given regardless of the race, creed (religious) or nationality
of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kindAid priorities are calculated on the basis of need alone
IncidenceNumber of new cases
IndependenceHumanitarian aid is not a partisan (party) or political act Aid will not be used to further a particular political or religious
standpoint36
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Infant and young child feedingTo describe the feeding of infants (aged less than 12 months and
young children (aged from 12 to 23 months)
Infant formulaBreast milk substitute formulated industrially in accordance with
applicable Codex Alimentarius standards
Infant feeding equipment Bottles, teats, syringes and baby cups with or without lids and/or
spouts (to emit or discharge forcibly)
International codeThe International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes
was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 198137
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Information, education and communicationAims to provide people with an informed base for making choicesNutrition information refers to knowledge, such as information
about new foods that are being introduced in an emergency situation
Nutrition education refers to training or orientation for a particular purpose such as support for breastfeeding
Nutrition communication refers to the method by which information is imparted
Inpatient carePatients with complicated severe malnutrition (metabolic
disturbances) are treated in inpatient care before continuing treatment in outpatient care
38People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Alternative terms are phase I, therapeutic feeding unit, therapeutic feeding centre or stabilisation centre
Iodine deficiency disorders A range of abnormalities including goiter and cretinism
KwashiorkorClinical form of malnutrition associated with growth failure (in
children)Characterized by oedema (swelling) and loss of appetite
LivelihoodsComprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a
means of livingHouseholds are assumed to have different types of assets and adopt
livelihood strategies to achieve livelihood outcomes
39People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Low birth weightA birth weight of less than 2.5 kgs
MacronutrientsFat, protein and carbohydrate that are needed for a wide range of
body functions and processes
Malaria Infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites from the
Plasmodium family Transmitted by the sting of the Anopheles mosquito or by a
contaminated needle or transfusionFalciparum malaria is the most deadly type
Mastitis Infection of the breast
40People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…MarasmusClinical form of malnutrition associated with growth failure (in
children) Characterized by a severe loss of body weight or wasting
MalnutritionBroad range of clinical conditions in children and adults that result
from deficiencies in one or a number of nutrients
MeaslesPerson with fever and maculopapular rash (i.e. non-vesicular)Cough, coryza (i.e. runny nose)Conjunctivitis (i.e. red eyes)
41People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
MicronutrientsAll vitamins and the minerals that are required in tiny amounts and
needed for a wide range of body functions and processes
Micronutrient deficiency diseasesClassic nutritional diseases such as scurvy, beriberi and pellagra
are good examples of these sorts of disease
Micronutrient malnutritionExistence of sub-optimal nutritional status due to a lack of intake,
absorption, or utilisation of one or more vitamins or mineralsExcessive intake of some micronutrients may also result in adverse
effects
Morbidity Illness
42People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
MortalityDeath
Mid upper arm circumferenceMeasured on a straight left arm (in right handed people) mid way
between the tip of the shoulder (acromium) and the tip of the elbow (olecranon)
A measure of acute malnutrition or wasting
NeonatalApplies to babies born alive during the first 28 days of life
NeutralityHumanitarian assistance should be provided without engaging in
hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature
43People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Night blindness Inability to see well in the dark or in a darkened roomAn early sign of vitamin A deficiency
Nutritional indexDerived by relating an individual’s body measurement with the
expected value of an individual of the same height (or age) from a reference population
Weight-for-height is the nutritional index commonly used to reflect acute malnutrition (wasting) in emergency nutritional assessments
Nutritional requirementsAmount of energy, protein, fat and micronutrients needed for an
individual to sustain a healthy life44
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Nutritional screeningCarried out to identify and select malnourished children in the
population
Nutritional statusGrowth or micronutrient status of an individual
Nutrition surveillanceRegular collection of nutrition information Used for making decisions about actions or policies that will affect
nutrition
Nutrition surveySurvey to assess the severity and extent of malnutrition
45People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
ObesityA person is obese when their body mass index (weight/height2)
exceeds 30
OedemaExcessive accumulation of extracellular fluid in the bodyBilateral oedema (fluid retention on both sides of the body) is a
clinical sign of severe acute malnutrition
Outpatient carePatients with non-complicated severe malnutrition are treated in
outpatient careAlternative terms are home based rehabilitation, outpatient
therapeutic programmes or ambulatory care (not stationery care)
46People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
PellagraCaused by niacin deficiency Affects the skin, gastro intestinal tract and nervous systemsSometimes called the 3Ds: dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia
Percentage of the medianAnthropometric status of an individual expressed as a percentage
of the expected value (or median) for the reference population
PerinatalPeriod during birth and the first 7 days of life
PlumpynutCommercial brand of ready to eat therapeutic food
47People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…Pneumonia Inflammation of one or both lungs with consolidation (whole)Frequently but not always due to infection Infection may be bacterial, viral, fungal or parasiticSymptoms may include fever, chills, cough with sputum
production (a mass of salivary material), chest pain, and shortness of breath
PrevalencePercentage of the population with a specific characteristic at a
given point in time
Public nutrition approachTo addressing nutritional problems that recognizes that nutritional
status is affected by a complex mix of factors48
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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ProphylaxisPrevention of disease usually using an antibiotic
Purposive samplingDeliberate selection of sites, i.e. not randomly selectedSites are selected as they are representative of a certain area which
has specific characteristics such as specific vulnerabilities, which may not be similar for the larger area
Used to determine feeding centre coverage areaResults should not be extrapolated to the general population
outside of the defined area
Random samplingA method whereby subjects are selected as part of a sample purely
by chance
49People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Rapid nutrition assessmentAn assessment carried out quickly to establish whether there is a
major nutrition problem and to identify immediate needsScreening individuals for inclusion in selective feeding
programmes is also a form of rapid nutrition assessment
RationThe ration or food basket usually consists of a variety of basic food
items (cereals, oil and pulses) Additional foods known as complementary foods (meat or fish,
vegetables and fruit, fortified cereal blends, sugar, condiments) which enhance nutritional adequacy and palatability
50People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Ready to eat mealsA type of emergency ration which is a nutritionally balanced,
ready-to-eat complete foodThey generally come in two forms:
Compressed Vacuum packed bars or tablets
Recommended daily allowanceAverage daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the
nutrient requirements of nearly all (approximately 98 per cent) healthy individuals
51People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Ready to use therapeutic foodsSpecialized products for use in the management of severe
malnutritionSolid version of F100 with the same macro and micronutrient
composition plus ironAvailable as pastes, spreads or biscuitsThey are ready to eat and do not get contaminated by bacteria
Reference population Also known as growth standards Based on surveys of healthy children, whose measurements
represent an international reference for deriving an individual's anthropometric status
52People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
Rehabilitation phaseThird phase of treatment for complicated SAM or initial treatment
for uncomplicated SAMAim is to promote rapid weight gain and to regain strength through
regular feeds of high nutrient and energy dense foods (F100) Ideally implemented as outpatient treatment
Re-lactation Induced lactation (breastfeeding) in someone who has previously
lactated
Replacement feeding Feeding infants who are receiving no breast milk through
alternative methods
53People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
RicketsCaused by Vitamin D deficiencyAffects bone development resulting in bowing of the legs when
severe
SampleSub-set of the population selected to be surveyed
Sampling intervalThe interval which separates two statistical items selected in a
systematic sample, or two clusters in a cluster sample
ScurvyCaused by Vitamin C deficiencySigns include swollen and bleeding gums, and slow healing or
reopening of old wounds54
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
Continu…
School feedingProvision of meals or snacks to schoolchildren to improve
nutrition and promote education
School censusNutrition monitoring undertaken in schools usually through
measuring height for age (stunting) every couple of years
SeasonalitySeasonal variation of various factors that affect nutritional status
such as: Disease Different sources of food The agricultural cycle
55People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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Selective feeding programmesSupplementary feeding or therapeutic care programmes
Sentinel sitePurposively selected community or service delivery site, used to
detect changes in context, programme or outcome variableCommunities or areas are purposively selected for a number of
reasons, such as vulnerability to food insecurity in times of stressSentinel sites can range from health centres, to villages, to districts
Severe acute malnutritionSevere acute malnutrition measured by weight for height <-3 Z
scores or <70 per cent of the median plus oedema
56People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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Stabilisation phase Initial phase of inpatient treatment for complicated SAMAim is to stabilise and readjust patient's metabolism through use of
special foods (F75) and medical treatment It allows close monitoring of the patient and urgent therapy if
complications developedAlso known as phase I or initiation phase
Standard deviationA measure of the variation around the mean value of a distributionA standard deviation is equal to the square root of the sum of the
squares of deviations from the mean
57People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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StandardsDesired levels of programme delivery and impact in terms of
quality
StuntingSee chronic malnutrition
Supplementary feeding Provision of food to the nutritionally or socially vulnerable in
addition to the general food distributionTo save lives and/or to prevent malnutrition
SupplementationProvision of nutrients either via a food or as a tablet, capsule,
syrup, or powder58
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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Supplementary sucklingTechnique to induce lactation by providing therapeutic milk to the
infant while he/she is sucklingWhen suckling, the child gets therapeutic milk from a tube
attached to the mothers nippleSuckling stimulates breast milk production which eventually
replaces therapeutic milk
Systematic samplingA sampling method whereby subjects are selected using a fixed
interval between subjects
59People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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TargetingRestricting the coverage of the intervention to those identified as
the most vulnerable
Therapeutic careFeeding and medical treatment to rehabilitate severely
malnourished children
Therapeutic milkMilk based products developed to meet :
Energy macro-and micronutrient needs of the severely malnourished promote metabolic balance (F75) and weight gain (F100)
60People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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Transition phaseSecond phase of inpatient treatment for complicated SAMAim is to adapt progressively to the large amounts of food and
nutrients that will be offered in the rehabilitation phase (outpatient or inpatient) and to monitor the patient
Under 5 mortality rateProportion of children aged under five in a defined population who
die each day expressed over 10,000
Under nutrition Insufficient intake of energy, protein or micronutrients, which in
turn leads to nutritional deficiency
61People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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UnderweightWasting or stunting or a combination of both, measured through
the weight for age nutritional index
VulnerabilityCharacteristics of a person or group in terms of their capacity to
anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural (or man-made) hazard
Weight for ageA measure of underweight
Weight for heightA measure of acute malnutrition or wasting
62People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
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Wet feedingFood aid provided in the form of a cooked ration to be consumed
on site
Wet nursingBreastfeeding by a woman of a baby that isn’t her own
XerophthalmiaCaused by vitamin A deficiency Includes a range of eye signs including night blindness, Bitot’s
spots and corneal ulceration
Z scoreThe difference between a value and the mean of a distribution.
Equivalent to a standard deviation63
People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)
64People Empowerment Advocacy & Communal Harmony (PEACH)