1

NREL/Neoterics Update—CAFI 2 Teleconference

Rick ElanderNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

National Bioenergy CenterGolden, CO

Tim EggemanNeoterics International

Lakewood, CO

June 23, 2005

Biomass Refining CAFI

2

Agenda

Biomass Refining CAFI

• Additional enzymatic digestibility data on NREL-generated dilute acid pretreated corn stover and hybrid poplar

• Process economic modeling plans for CAFI 2 project

3

Additional Digestibility Data

Biomass Refining CAFI

• Dilute acid pretreated stover and poplar samples generated by NREL for CAFI 2 project were also used in core DOE program work at NREL

• SSF digestibility testing using standard current NREL LAP procedures (some differences from CAFI 2 digestibility protocol)

– Enzyme loading on protein (not FPU) basis

– Enzyme loading on per g cellulose in pretreated solids (not raw feedstock basis)

– Digestibility in SSF mode using washed solids (yield based on conversion in cellulose in pretreated solids to ethanol)

• Higher severity pretreated Kramer corn stover controls included

– More digestible than CAFI 2-generated dilute acid pretreated corn stover

4

CAFI Labeling Nomenclature for Previously Sent Samples

Biomass Refining CAFI

Date Shipped Sample ID as sent Sample ID--CAFI Nomenclature Sample Description031209 CS-Mix 2-5 DALW-CSR-190C-1.5m-0.045H2SO4:Dry wt-30% solids-12/9/03-Mix 2:5 Pretreated corn stover solids -mid severity031209 CS #7 DALW-CSR-180C-1.5m-0.030H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/9/03-#7 Pretreated corn stover solids-low severityCS-040427-J DALW-CSR-180C-1.5m-0.030H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-4/27/04-J Pretreated and hot washed corn stover solids

MP-041004a-g DASE-POP1-190C-70s-0.02H2SO4:Dry wt-30% solids-10/4/04-N-A:G Steam Gun Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids (190 C, 70 sec)MP-041005a-g DASE-POP1-190C-120s-0.02H2SO4:Dry wt-30% solids-10/5/04-N-A:G Steam Gun Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids (190 C, 120 sec)MP-041005 h-n DASE-POP1-200C-70s-0.02H2SO4:Dry wt-30% solids-10/5/04-N-H:N Steam Gun Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids (200 C, 70 sec)MP-041006 a-g DASE-POP1-200C-120s-0.02H2SO4:Dry wt-30% solids-10/6/04-N-A:G Steam Gun Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids (200 C, 120 sec)

MP-041214 b-c DALW-CSR-175C-1.5m-0.025H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/14/04-B:C Sunds Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids -air blow-downMP-041214 e-f DALW-CSR-175C-1.5m-0.025H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/14/04-E:F Sunds Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids - hot water washMP-041214 g-i DALW-CSR-175C-1.5m-0.025H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/14/04-G:I Sunds Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids- hot washed w/ 0.5% EthanolMP-041214 k-m DALW-CSR-175C-1.5m-0.025H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/14/04-K:M Sunds Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids- hot washed w/ 0.2% NaOHMP-041214 n-p DALW-CSR-175C-1.5m-0.025H2SO4:Dry wt-25% solids-12/14/04-N:P Sunds Pretreated Minn. Poplar solids- hot washed w/ 0.5% Ethanol and

0.2% NaOH

9/20/2004

11/2/2004

12/22/2004

5Biomass Refining CAFI

75.08 76.7 75.35 76.1 73.87 75.84 77.52 75.46 78.86 80.87

93.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Control

Control +

X

Air only

Air only

+ X

HV, HT

HV, HT +

X

LV, HT

LV, HT + X

HV, LT

HV. LT

Sunds High Sev

erity

% C

ellu

lose

Con

vers

ion

HT = High Temperature Wash, LT = Low Temperature WashHV = High Volume Wash, LV = Low Volume Wash

SSF Digestibility of Dilute Acid Sunds Pretreated and Hot Washed Corn Stover to High Severity Pretreated Corn Stover

SSF using NREL LAP-008 on washed solids. Enzyme load: 20 mg “Old” Spezyme CP protein/g celluloseConversion of cellulose entering SSF to ethanol after 168 hr X: Xylanase supplementation: 12 mg “Old” Spezyme CP protein + 8 mg Multifect Xylanase protein/g cellulose

Low Severity

Low Severity with Hot Wash

6Biomass Refining CAFI

36.5

44.3

36.5

45.240.1

52.0

40.3

51.1

37.4

45.2

37.0

46.840.7

47.142.8

47.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Contro

l t ze

ro

Contro

l t ze

ro X

Contro

l t 1h

our

Contro

l t 1

hour

X

HT, HV, L

P

HT, HV, L

P X

HT, LV

, HP

HT, LV

, HP X

LT, L

V, HP

LT, L

V, HP X

LT,

HV, HP

LT, H

V, HP X

Air Only

Air Only

X

Contro

l t 3

hour

Contro

l t 3

hour

X

% o

f R

esid

ual

Xyl

an

Co

nve

rsio

n a

t 16

8 h

Related Data—Impact of Xylanase Supplementation on Enzymatic Conversion of Residual Xylan in Low Severity Pretreated Corn Stover

HT: High Temp. WashLT: Low Temp. Wash

HV: High Volume WashLV: Low Volume Wash

HP: High Pressure Blow DownLP: Low Pressure Blow Down

X: Xylanase supplementation: 12 mg Spezyme CP protein + 8 mg Multifect Xylanase protein/g cellulose

Feedstock: ¼ inch knife milled Kramer stoverPretreatment: 1 ton/day vertical Sunds reactor, 180 C, ~1 minute, 30% solids, 0.03 g H2SO4/g dry feedEnzyme: Genencor Spezyme CP (Lot 301-00348-257), 20 mg protein/g cellulose

36.5

44.3

36.5

45.240.1

52.0

40.3

51.1

37.4

45.2

37.0

46.840.7

47.142.8

47.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Contro

l t ze

ro

Contro

l t ze

ro X

Contro

l t 1h

our

Contro

l t 1

hour

X

HT, HV, L

P

HT, HV, L

P X

HT, LV

, HP

HT, LV

, HP X

LT, L

V, HP

LT, L

V, HP X

LT,

HV, HP

LT, H

V, HP X

Air Only

Air Only

X

Contro

l t 3

hour

Contro

l t 3

hour

X

% o

f R

esid

ual

Xyl

an

Co

nve

rsio

n a

t 16

8 h

Related Data—Impact of Xylanase Supplementation on Enzymatic Conversion of Residual Xylan in Low Severity Pretreated Corn Stover

HT: High Temp. WashLT: Low Temp. Wash

HV: High Volume WashLV: Low Volume Wash

HP: High Pressure Blow DownLP: Low Pressure Blow Down

X: Xylanase supplementation: 12 mg Spezyme CP protein + 8 mg Multifect Xylanase protein/g cellulose

Feedstock: ¼ inch knife milled Kramer stoverPretreatment: 1 ton/day vertical Sunds reactor, 180 C, ~1 minute, 30% solids, 0.03 g H2SO4/g dry feedEnzyme: Genencor Spezyme CP (Lot 301-00348-257), 20 mg protein/g cellulose

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SSF Digestibility of Dilute Acid Pretreated Hybrid Poplar in NREL Steam Gun Using

Various Enzyme Preparations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time (h)

% C

ellu

lose

Co

nve

rsio

n b

ased

on

L

C E

than

ol

Yie

ld (

% o

f th

eore

tica

l)

F1 - SG MP + Old spezyme F2 - SG MP + Old spezyme F3 - SG MP + New spezyme

F4 - SG MP + New spezyme F5 - SG MP + GC220 F6 - SG MP + GC220

F7 - SG MP + Mix F8 - SG MP + Mix F21-Control P020502CS

• 190 C, 70 seconds, 0.02 g acid/g dry feedstock

• Total enzyme load of 20 mg protein/g cellulose in treated feedstock [mix uses 12 mg protein/g cellulose of “new” Spezyme plus 8 mg protein/g cellulose of Multifect Xylanase]

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Washed Poplar Compared to Steam Gun Pretreated Poplar

48.24 49.02 47.21

56.8750.47 52.54

60.35 60.24

51.87

62.72 63.05 62.02

93.40

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (E

arly

)

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (E

arly

) + m

ix 1

6/4

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (E

arly

) + m

ix 1

2/8

Air

Blo

w D

own

only

Wat

er H

ot-W

ash

0.5%

EtO

H H

ot W

ash

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (M

id)

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (M

id) +

mix

16/

4

Sun

ds C

ontr

ol (M

id)+

mix

12/

80.

2% N

aOH

Hot

Was

h 0.

2% N

aOH

Hot

Was

h

NaO

H a

nd E

tOH

Hot

Was

h

Ste

am G

un P

retr

eate

d P

opla

r

%C

ell

ulo

se

Co

nv

ers

ion

SSF Digestibility of Dilute Acid Sunds Pretreated and Hot

20 mg protein (GC 220)/g cellulose in pretreated poplar

16/4 = 16 mg protein (GC 220) + 4 mg protein (Multifect Xylanase)/g cellulose in pretreated poplar

12/8 = 12 mg protein (GC 220) + 8 mg protein (Multifect Xylanase)/g cellulose in pretreated poplar

Biomass Refining CAFI

SSF using NREL LAP-008 on washed solids. Conversion of cellulose entering SSF to ethanol after 168 hr

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Process Model - Pretreatment

• Create Process Model for SO2 Pretreatment

• Update Process Models for Other Pretreatments

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Process Model - Overall• NREL 2001 vs. NREL 2002 Model

• Integrate into Updated Version of NREL’s 2002 Model

• Front-end Feed Handling– Corn Stover– Poplar

• State of Technology vs. Market Target

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Figure 1 - Comparison of CE and Marshall & Swift Indices

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Ind

ex V

alu

e

CE Index

Marshall & Swift - All Industries

Marshall & Swift - Process Industries