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National Incident Management System
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National Incident Management System
On February 28, 2003, the President issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD–5), “Management of Domestic Incidents,” which directed the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and administer a National Incident Management System (NIMS). 3
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INTRODUCTION
• This system provides a consistent nationwide template to enable Federal, State, tribal, and local governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to work together to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity. 4
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INTRODUCTION
This consistency provides the foundation for utilization of NIMS for all incidents, ranging from daily occurrences to incidents requiring a coordinated Federal response.
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INTRODUCTION
• NIMS represents a core set of doctrines, concepts, principles, terminology, and organizational processes that enables effective, efficient, and collaborative incident management.
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INTRODUCTION
• HSPD–5 requires all federal departments and agencies to adopt NIMS and to use it in their individual incident management programs and activities, as well as in support of all actions taken to assist state, tribal, and local governments.
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INTRODUCTION
• Incidents typically begin and end locally, and are managed on a daily basis at the lowest possible jurisdictional level. However, there are instances in which successful incident management operations depend on the involvement of multiple jurisdictions, levels of government, functional agencies, and/or emergency responder disciplines.
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INTRODUCTION
These instances require effective and efficient coordination across this broad spectrum of organizations and activities.
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INTRODUCTION
NIMS uses a systematic approach to integrate the best existing processes and methods into a unified national framework for incident management.
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INTRODUCTION
• Incident management refers to refers to how incidents are managed across all homeland security activities, including prevention, protection, and response, mitigation, and recovery .
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INTRODUCTION
_____________ is the coordination and integration of all activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, or mitigate against threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other manmade disasters.
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INTRODUCTION
• It does this through a core set of concepts, principles, procedures, organizational processes, terminology, and standard requirements applicable to a broad community of NIMS users.
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What NIMS Is
A comprehensive, nationwide, systematic approach to incident management, including the Incident Command System, Multiagency Coordination Systems, and Public Information
A set of preparedness concepts and principles for all hazards
Essential principles for a common operating picture and interoperability of communications and information management 14
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What NIMS Is
Standardized resource management procedures that enable coordination among different jurisdictions or organizations
Scalable, so it may be used for all incidents (from day-to-day to large-scale)
A dynamic system that promotes ongoing management and maintenance.
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What NIMS Is NOTA response plan Only used during large-scale incidents A communications plan Only applicable to certain emergency
management/incident response personnel Only the Incident Command System or an
organization chart A static system
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
NIMS is based on the premise that utilization of a common incident management framework will give emergency management/response personnel a flexible but standardized system for emergency management and incident response activities.
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
NIMS is _________ because the system components can be utilized to develop plans, processes, procedures, agreements, and roles for all types of incidents; it is applicable to any incident regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity.
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
The Joint Information System (JIS) and the Joint Information Center (JIC)14 are designed to foster the use of common information formats.
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
The JIS integrates incident information and public affairs into a cohesive organization designed to provide consistent, coordinated, accurate, accessible, and timely information during crisis or incident operations.
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
State and local jurisdictions MUST comply with NIMS in order to qualify for Federal Homeland Security/Preparedness grants. NIMS is much more than a Federal mandate, however. It is the right thing to do and can save lives if taken seriously and implemented appropriately.
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CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
• A critical tool in promoting the nationwide implementation of NIMS is a_____________ that facilitates NIMS training throughout the nation.
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FLEXIBILITY
The components of NIMS are adaptable to any situation, from routine, local incidents to incidents requiring the activation of interstate mutual aid to those requiring a coordinated Federal response.
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FLEXIBILITY
Flexibility to manage incidents of any size requires coordination and ____________ among emergency management/response personnel and their affiliated organizations.
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STANDARDIZATION
NIMS provides a set of standardized organizational structures that improve integration and connectivity among jurisdictions and disciplines, starting with a common foundation of preparedness and planning.
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STANDARDIZATION
NIMS also provides and promotes common terminology, which fosters more effective communication among agencies and organizations responding together to an incident.
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Preparedness
Within NIMS, preparedness focuses on the following elements: planning; procedures and protocols; training and exercises; personnel qualifications, and certification; and equipment certification.
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Preparedness
Effective adoption, implementation, and training of all NIMS components in advance of an incident or planned event will facilitate collaborative emergency management and incident response activities.
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Preparedness
Preparedness is a foundational step in emergency management and incident response; therefore, the concepts and principles that form the basis for preparedness are an integration of the concepts and principles of all NIMS components.
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Preparedness
• Standardized NIMS training courses focused on the structure and operational coordination processes and systems, together with courses focused on discipline-specific and agency-specific expertise, help to ensure that emergency management/response personnel can function together effectively during an incident.
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Preparedness
Training and exercises should be specifically tailored to the responsibilities of the personnel involved in incident management.
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Major components
Five major components make up this systems approach: Preparedness Communications and Information ManagementResource ManagementCommand and ManagementOngoing Management and Maintenance. 32
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Resource Management
Resources (such as personnel, equipment, or supplies) are needed to support critical incident objectives. The flow of resources must be fluid and adaptable to the requirements of the incident.
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Resource Management
• NIMS defines standardized mechanisms and establishes the resource management process to identify requirements, order and acquire, mobilize, track and report, recover and demobilize, reimburse, and inventory resources.
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Resource Management
NIMS provides elected and appointed officials with a framework to help: Ensure agency/jurisdiction policies for emergency management and incident response are clearly stated. Evaluate effectiveness and correct any deficiencies. Support a coordinated, multiagency approach. 35
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Resource Management
Ongoing preparedness helps us to:Coordinate during times of crisis. Execute efficient and effective emergency management and incident response activities.
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COMPONENT I: PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness is achieved and maintained through a continuous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action.
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UNIFIED APPROACH
Preparedness requires a unified approach to emergency management and incident response activities.
To achieve a unified approach, components of NIMS should be integrated within the emergency management and incident response structure.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
• Mutual aid agreements and assistance agreements provide a mechanism to quickly obtain emergency assistance in the form of personnel, equipment, materials, and other associated services.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
• NIMS encourages jurisdictions to enter into mutual aid and assistance agreements with other jurisdictions and/or organizations from which they expect to receive, or to which they expect to provide, assistance.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
• Agreements among all parties providing or requesting resources are necessary to enable effective and efficient resource management during incident operations.
• This includes developing and maintaining standing agreements and contracts for services and supplies that may be needed during an incident.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Agreements, preferably written, should include the following elements or provisions: • Definitions of key terms used in the agreement • Roles and responsibilities of individual parties • Procedures for requesting and providing assistance
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
• Procedures, authorities, and rules for payment, reimbursement, and allocation of costs
• Notification procedures • Protocols for interoperable communications • Relationships with other agreements among
jurisdictions
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Workers’ compensation • Treatment of liability and immunity • Recognition of qualifications, licensure, and
certifications • Sharing agreements
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Automatic Mutual Aid: Agreements that permit the automatic dispatch and response of requested resources without incident-specific approvals. These agreements are usually basic contracts; some may be informal accords.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
• Local Mutual Aid: Agreements between neighboring jurisdictions or organizations that involve a formal request for assistance and generally cover a larger geographic area than automatic mutual aid.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Regional Mutual Aid: Sub-state regional mutual aid agreements between multiple jurisdictions that are often sponsored by a council of governments or a similar regional body.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Statewide/Intrastate Mutual Aid:Agreements, often coordinated through the
State, that incorporate both State and local governmental and nongovernmental resources in an attempt to increase preparedness statewide.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
Interstate Agreements: Out-of-State assistance through the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) or other formal State-to-State agreements that support the response effort.
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Mutual Aid Agreements and Assistance Agreements
International Agreements: Agreements between the United States and other nations for the exchange of Federal assets in an emergency.
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Common Terminology, Plain Language
Successful communications and information management require that emergency management/response personnel and their affiliated organizations use standardized communications types.
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Planning
Plans should be realistic, scalable, and applicable to all types of incidents, from daily occurrences to incidents requiring the activation of interstate mutual aid to those requiring a coordinated Federal response.
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Planning
• Plans should form the basis of training and be exercised periodically to ensure that all individuals involved in response are able to execute their assigned tasks.
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Management Information Systems
Incident reporting and ___________ procedures should be standardized to ensure that situational awareness is maintained and that emergency management/response personnel have easy access to critical information.
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Management Information Systems
Situation reports offer a snapshot of the past operational period and contain confirmed or verified information regarding the explicit details (who, what, when, where, and how) relating to the incident.
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Management Information Systems
The use of plain language (clear text) in emergency management and incident response is a matter of public safety, especially the safety of emergency management/response personnel and those affected by the incident.
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Management Information Systems
It is critical that all those involved with an incident know and use commonly established operational structures, terminology, policies, and procedures.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
Emergency management and incident response activities require carefully managed resources (personnel, teams, facilities, equipment, and/or supplies) to meet incident needs.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
Utilization of the standardized resource management concepts such as typing, inventorying, organizing, and tracking will facilitate the dispatch, deployment, and recovery of resources before, during, and after an incident.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
Reimbursement provides a mechanism to recoup funds expended for incident-specific activities. Processes for reimbursement play an important role in establishing and maintaining the readiness of resources and should be in place to ensure that resource providers are reimbursed in a timely manner.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
They should include mechanisms for collecting bills, validating costs against the scope of the work, ensuring that proper authorities are involved, and accessing reimbursement programs.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
Reimbursement mechanisms should be included in preparedness plans, mutual aid agreements, and assistance agreements. Some resources rendered may or may not be reimbursed, based on agreements established before the incident.
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MANAGING RESOURCES
• A critical tool in promoting the nationwide implementation of NIMS is a well-developed _______________ that facilitates NIMS training throughout the nation.
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NIMS Training Guidelines
Target Audience
•County EMS Coordinator •Associate EMS Care Representatives (DOH Bureau of EMS) •Command and General Staff members of Type I or Type II Incident Management Teams
Required Training
• FEMA IS-700: NIMS, An Introduction
• FEMA IS-800: National Response Framework
• (NRF), An Introduction • ICS-100: Introduction to ICS or
equivalent* • ICS-200: Basic ICS or
equivalent* • ICS-300: Intermediate ICS or
equivalent* • ICS-400: Advanced ICS or
equivalent
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NIMS Training Guidelines
Target Audience*
•Deputy County EMS Coordinators •Senior EMS Care Representative ( DOH Bureau of EMS) •Chief Officers who will have supervisory responsibilities as Command and General Staff within an incident management organization (including EOCs) during expanding incidents or those incidents extending into multiple operational periods, referred to in NIMS as Type 3 level incidents (e.g. EMS Chief, Captain, Lieutenant) •Special Team Leaders (i.e. DMAT)
Required Training
• FEMA IS-700: NIMS, An Introduction
• ICS-100: Introduction to ICS or equivalent*
• ICS-200: Basic ICS or equivalent* • ICS-300: Intermediate ICS or
equivalent*
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NIMS Training Guidelines
Target Audience
•EMS Chief, Captain, or Lieutenants who will have the supervisory responsibility of primarily local resources, NIMS Type 4 and 5 level incidents •EMS Crew Leader
Required Training
• FEMA IS-700: NIMS, An Introduction
• ICS-100: Introduction to ICS or equivalent*
• ICS-200: Basic ICS or equivalent*
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NIMS Training Guidelines
Target Audience
•Entry level first responders & disaster workers •EMS First Responder •Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) •Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) •Critical Care Technician (CCT) •Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P)
Required Training
• FEMA IS-700: NIMS, An Introduction
• ICS-100: Introduction to ICS or equivalent
TRACK AND REPORT
• The resource-tracking and mobilization processes are directly linked. When resources arrive on scene, they must be formally checked in. This starts the on-scene check-in process and validates the order requirements. Notification that the resources have arrived is made through the appropriate channels.
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TRACK AND REPORT
• Resource tracking is a standardized, integrated process conducted prior to, during, and after an incident by all emergency management/response personnel and their affiliated organizations, as appropriate.
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TRACK AND REPORT
• This process provides a clear picture of where resources are located; helps staff prepare to receive resources; protects the safety and security of equipment, supplies, and personnel; and enables their coordination and movement.
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TRACK AND REPORT
• Resource typing is a continuous process designed to be as simple as possible; it facilitates frequent use and accuracy in obtaining needed resources. To allow resources to be deployed and used on a national basis.
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TRACK AND REPORT
• The NIC is responsible for facilitating the development and issuance of national standards for resource typing and ensuring that these typed resources reflect operational capabilities.
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Example Categories for National Resource Typing • Transportation • Communications • Public works and engineering • Firefighting • Information and planning Law• Enforcement and security • Mass care• Resource management
• Health and medical • Search and rescue • Hazardous materials
response • Food and water • Energy • Public information • Animals and agricultural
issues • Volunteers and
donations
TRACK AND REPORT
• If the potential supporting department or agency determines that it can accommodate the requested deployment of resources, it must next identify specific personnel who will be deployed.
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TRACK AND REPORT
• The department or agency then submits applications for each member selected for deployment to an authorized accrediting agency identified by the credentialing authority of the State to which the mutual aid will be provided.
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Recommended NIMS Personnel Credentialing Process
Example of a Resource With Multiple Components (Firefighting
Engine Company)
(1) Pump (5) Water tank (2) Hose 2½” (6) Ladder (3) Hose 1¾” (7) Master stream (4) Hand tools (8) Personnel
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COMPONENT IV: COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT
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INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
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ICS Features and Principles
• ICS helps ensure full utilization of all incident resources by:
• Maintaining a manageable span of control, • Establishing predestinated incident locations
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ICS Features and Principles
• ICS supports responders and decision makers through effective information and intelligence management and helps establish a common operating picture.
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ICS Features and Principles
• ICS counts on each of us taking personal accountability for our own actions. And finally, the mobilization process helps ensure that incident objectives can be achieved while responders remain safe.
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ICS Features and Principles
• Common Terminology: Using common terminology helps to define organizational functions, incident facilities, resource descriptions, and position titles.
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Command
• The command function must be clearly established from the beginning of an incident. When command is transferred, the process must include a briefing that captures all essential information for continuing safe and effective operations.
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Command
• Chain of command refers to the orderly line of authority within the ranks of the incident management organization.
• Unity of command means that every individual has a designated supervisor to whom he or she reports at the scene of the incident.
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Command
• These principles clarify reporting relationships and eliminate the confusion caused by multiple, conflicting directives.
• Incident managers at all levels must be able to control the actions of all personnel under their supervision.
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Planning/Organizational Structure
• The Incident Command organizational structure develops in a top-down, modular fashion that is based on the size and complexity of the incident, as well as the specifics of the hazard environment created by the incident.
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Planning/Organizational Structure
• Incident Action Plans (IAPs) provide a coherent means of communicating the overall incident objectives in the contexts of both operational and support activities.
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Planning/Organizational Structure
• Span of control is key to effective and efficient incident management. Within ICS, the span of control of any individual with incident management supervisory responsibility should range from three to seven subordinates.
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Facilities and Resources
• Various types of operational locations and support facilities are established in the vicinity of an incident to accomplish a variety of purposes. Typical predestinated facilities include Incident Command Posts, Bases, Camps, Staging Areas, Mass Casualty Triage Areas, and others as required.
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Facilities and Resources
• Resource management includes processes for categorizing, ordering, dispatching, tracking, and recovering resources. It also includes processes for reimbursement for resources, as appropriate.
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Facilities and Resources
• Resources are defined as personnel, teams, equipment, supplies, and facilities available or potentially available for assignment or allocation in support of incident management and emergency response activities.
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Communications/Information Management • Incident communications are facilitated
through the development and use of a common communications plan and interoperable communications processes and architectures.
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Communications/Information Management • The incident management organization must
establish a process for gathering, sharing, and managing incident-related information and intelligence.
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Professionalism
• Effective accountability at all jurisdictional levels and within individual functional areas during incident operations is essential. To that end, the following principles must be adhered to:
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Professionalism
• Check-In: All responders, regardless of agency affiliation, must report in to receive an assignment in accordance with the procedures established by the Incident Commander.
• Incident Action Plan: Response operations must be directed and coordinated as outlined in the IAP.
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Professionalism
• Unity of Command: Each individual involved in incident operations will be assigned to only one supervisor.
• Span of Control: Supervisors must be able to adequately supervise and control their subordinates, as well as communicate with and manage all resources under their supervision. 96
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Professionalism
• Resource Tracking: Supervisors must record and report resource status changes as they occur. (This topic is covered in a later unit.)
• Dispatch/Deployment: Personnel and equipment should respond only when requested or when dispatched by an appropriate authority.
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