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Prosody: speech rhythms and melodies
1. Models and Methods
Dafydd Gibbon
Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 2
Schedule
Week 1:01 Forms and functions of prosody: models and methods
Nov. 2 (Wednesday) 4:30pm--6:00pm02 Forms and functions of prosody: prosodic semantics
Nov. 3 (Thursday) 8am—9:40am
Week 2:03 Basics of digital phonetics
Nov. 8 (Tuesday) 10am--12am04 Pitch Stylisation: tone and intonation
Nov. 8 (Tuesday) 2:30pm--4:30pm
Week 3:05 Computational modelling of syllables
Nov.15 (Tuesday) 10am--12am06 SpeechTiming: durations and rhythm
Nov.15 (Tuesday) 2:30pm--4:30pm
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 3
Prosody: Rhythm and Melody
PITCH TRACE
WAVEFORM
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with PViz
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 4
Prosody: Rhythm and Melody
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with PViz
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 5
Prosody: Rhythm and Melody
WAVEFORM
syllable annotation tier pitch accent annotation tierannotation labels
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with Praat
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 6
Prosody: Rhythm and Melody
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with PViz
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 7
Prosody: Rhythm and Melody
PITCH TRACEwith linear regression line
showing the overall contour trend
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with PViz
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 8
Pitch accent notations – three kinds of information:1. Shape of pitch accent contour2. Main pitch accent tone associated with a stressed syllable3. Height of pitch accent on a frequency scale
Level and Contour Tone Lexicon: Notations (English)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 9
Pitch accent notations – three kinds of information:1. Shape of pitch accent contour2. Main pitch accent tone associated with a stressed syllable3. Height of pitch accent on a frequency scale
Level and Contour Tone Lexicon: Notations (English)
H* L* L*H LH* H*L HL* H*HTranscription symbol notation:
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 10
Pitch accent notations – three kinds of information:1. Shape of pitch accent contour2. Main pitch accent tone associated with a stressed syllable3. Height of pitch accent on a frequency scale
Level and Contour Tone Lexicon: Notations (English)
Icon notation:
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 11
Pitch accent notations – three kinds of information:1. Shape of pitch accent contour2. Main pitch accent tone associated with a stressed syllable3. Height of pitch accent on a frequency scale
Level and Contour Tone Lexicon: Notations (English)
shape=pointplace=H
shape=riseanchor=startplace=L
shape=riseanchor=endplace=L
shape=fallanchor=startplace=H
shape=fallanchor=endplace=L
shape=levelanchor=startplace=H
Feature notation:
shape=pointplace=L
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 12
Pitch accent notations – three kinds of information:1. Shape of pitch accent contour2. Main pitch accent tone associated with a stressed syllable3. Height of pitch accent on a frequency scale
Level and Contour Tone Lexicon: Notations (English)
H* L* L*H LH* H*L HL* H*H
shape=pointplace=H
shape=riseanchor=startplace=L
shape=riseanchor=endplace=L
shape=fallanchor=startplace=H
shape=fallanchor=endplace=L
shape=levelanchor=startplace=H
Feature notation:
shape=pointplace=L
Icon notation:
Transcription symbol notation:
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 13
All you need to know about prosody
Prosody is physical actionProsody must be practised – that is, observed and performed like music, sports, cooking, ...
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 14
All you need to know about prosody
Prosody is physical actionProsody must be practised – that is, observed and performed like music, sports, cooking, ...
Prosody is semiotic actionLike other components of discourse, prosody must be communicated and understood
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 15
All you need to know about prosody
Prosody is physical action
Prosody must be practised – that is, observed and performed like music, dancing, sports, cooking, ...
Prosody is semiotic actionLike other components of discourse, prosody must be communicated and understood
Prosody is structured actionLike word and sentence structure, prosody must be systematically generated and parsed.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 16
All you need to know about prosody
Prosody is physical action:Melody – Rhythm - Intensity
Prosody is semiotic action:Meaning – Intentions - Attitudes
Prosody is structured action:Starts – Accents/Tones - Ends
Prosody must be practised – that is, observed and performed like music, dancing, sports, cooking, ...
Like other components of discourse, prosody must be communicated and understood
Like word and sentence structure, prosody must be systematically generated and parsed.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 17
All you need to know about prosody
Prosody is physical action:Melody – Rhythm - Intensity
Prosody must be practised – that is, observed and performed like music, dancing, sports, cooking, ...
Prosody is semiotic action:Meaning – Intentions -
Attitudes
Like other components of discourse, prosody must be communicated and understood
Prosody is structured action:Starts – Accents/Tones -
Ends
Like word and sentence structure, prosody must be systematically generated and parsed.
These three points applyto language learners,language teachers,
translators, interpreters,linguists – and of course
to “real people”!
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 18
Models and Methods
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 19
Models
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 20
Models
What do all these have in common?What do they share?
So how would you define “model”?
(A picture is also a model, so these are actually models of models!)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 21
Models
A model is a simplified representation of reality.
Models resemble reality, in colour, shape, ...
Models differ from reality, in material, size, dimensionality, ...
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 22
REALITY(or rather: a picture model of reality)
Scientific Models – Linguistic Models
MODEL
Conceptual Physical
• analog• digital
Statistical Mathematical Visualisation
complex, multidimensional, ...
simplification
approximation
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 23
REALITY(or rather: a picture model of reality)
Scientific Models – Linguistic ModelsMODEL
complex, multidimensional, ...
simplification
approximation
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 24
Three dimensions of scientific method
Scientific Method
● A scientific method is a technique for creating scientific models of selected aspects of reality– formalism:
● informal text● formalism – logic, mathematics
– observation● intuition● measurement
– corpus– experiment
● generalisation– hypothetico-deductive– inductive– interpretative
– domain● empirical basis● simplfied reality
formalism
domain
observation
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 25
Scientific Methodology
● Scientific method: a technique for creating scientific models of selected aspects of reality
● Scientific theory: a logical system for● describing models of language and speech● predicting new models of language and speech● and so (indirectly) describing and predicting reality
● Scientific framework: shared conventions– theories as predictors for models– models as simplifications of reality– legitimate methods for creating models
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 26
Scientific Methodology
● Scientific method: a technique for creating scientific models of selected aspects of reality
● Scientific theory: a logical system for● describing models of language and speech● predicting new models of language and speech● and so (indirectly) describing and predicting reality
● Scientific framework: shared conventions– theories as predictors for models– models as simplifications of reality– legitimate methods for creating models
BEWARE
The terms ‘theory’, ‘model’ and ‘framework’are often confusingly used as synonyms
in linguistics.
The definitions given here are reasonablyconsensual in studies of scientific methodology.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 27
Major issues in prosody
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 28
Some questions on prosody to think about
● Basic ontology:– Are prosodic properties categorial or continuous?– By analogy with the phoneme and the morpheme, are
there prosodemes? intonemes? tonemes? accenteme?– Are there clear relations with categories of written text
such as character, word, phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph, text? Are there paratones?
– Is there a prosodic grammar?– Is there a prosodic lexicon
● Basic epistemology:– Is prosody teachable or only learnable?– Do we share prosody with animals, e.g. apes?
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 29
A Practical Illustration of Prosodic Model-Fitting
(Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 30
A Practical Illustration of Prosodic Model-Fitting
... and of course .
..
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with Praat
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 31
A Practical Illustration of Prosodic Model-Fitting
... and of course ..
.
● Trying to fit a model to the pitch pattern:– First, straight line– Second, quadratic regression– Then higher order polynomial regression
Aix-MARSEC corpus, extract from A0101B, visualisation with PViz
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 32
Orientation: the architecture of language
functional models
grammar-based models
processing models
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 33
Functional declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICCONSTRUCTION
PHONETICS
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 34
Grammar-based declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 35
Grammar-based declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
CLASSIC GENERATIV
E
inventory+
rules+
derivation
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 36
Grammar-based declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
OPTIMALITYTHEORY
inventory+
constraints+
resolution
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 37
Grammar-based declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
CLASSIC GENERATIV
E
inventory+
rules+
derivation
OPTIMALITYTHEORY
inventory+
constraints+
resolution
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 38
Grammar-based declarative architectures
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
CLASSIC GENERATIV
E
inventory+
rules+
derivation
OPTIMALITYTHEORY
inventory+
constraints+
resolution
algebra plus logical inference
algebra plus set theoretic
inference
FORMAL FOUNDATIONS
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 39
But phoneticians like a challenge!
Communication based procedural architectures
● Empirical speech modelling is not independent of– processing constraints:
– sensory constraints (perception)● motor constraints (production)● cognitive constraints:
– processing time + complexity– memory space + structure
– channel constraints● physical
– auditory, visual, text, electronics● social
– face-to-face, distal, unidirectional, multidirectional● noise
– errors, interference
The old ‘competence’ idea is far too simple to do
justice to the complexity of language and language processing constraints
Maybe ‘performance’ is simply too difficult?
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 40
Communication is bidirectional
GRAMMAR
SEMANTICINTERPRETATION
PHONETICINTERPRETATION
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 41
Processing is bidirectional
UNDERSTANDING
FORMULATION
INPUT
Cf. Levelt and many others...
PLANNING
OUTPUT
PARSING
PHYSICAL CHANNEL
The model
applies to
individals as
well as to
interlocutors
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 42
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
SEMANTICand
PRAGMATICCONSTRUCTION
PHONETIC and VISUAL
INTERPRETATION
LE
XIC
ON
indices & icons
GRAMMAR
parsing
understanding
perception
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 43
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
SEMANTICand
PRAGMATICCONSTRUCTION
PHONETIC and VISUAL
INTERPRETATION
LE
XIC
ON
indices & icons
GRAMMAR
planning
generation production
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 44
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
SEMANTICand
PRAGMATICCONSTRUCTION
PHONETIC and VISUAL
INTERPRETATIONGRAMMAR
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 45
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
SEMANTIC and PRAGMATIC
INTERPRETATION
PHONETIC and VISUAL
INTERPRETATION
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 46
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
PHONETIC and VISUAL
INTERPRETATION
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 47
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
SEMANTIC and PRAGMATIC
INTERPRETATION
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 48
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 49
Semiotic architecture: the Rank Interpretation Model
PROSODY
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 50
Empirical methods: Illustration
listening + descriptiontranscriptionannotation
data-miningsignal analysis
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 51
The approach
● Primarily:● acoustic phonetics● empirical, data-driven, authentic data● semiotic: relations of form and function● inductive/interpretive: recognition of patterns in data● descriptive: no adoption of ready-made paradigms● computational
● Secondarily:● rational, theory-driven – but beware: don’t invent data!!!● structural: patterns and rules● hypothetico-deductive: prediction of patterns in data● evaluative: examination of existing paradigms● comparison with other approaches
– generative: derivational (SPE, AMP), constraint-based (OT)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 52
The domain
● Phonetic phases:– sender: articulatory domain– channel: acoustic domain– receiver: auditory domain
● Empirical methods:– observational
● perceptual● instrumental
– experimental● production● perceptionl
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 53
Empirical procedure: analytic listening
An example from German
from the fable
“Der Nordwind und die Sonne”(The North Wind and the Sun)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 54
Empirical procedure: transcription
● Transcription– IPA phonetic transcription:
[ ˈɛntlɪç ɡaːp dɐ ˈnɔɐ̯tvɪn dəŋ ˈkamp͡f ˈaʊf̯ ]
– IPA phonemic transcription:– / ˈɛntlɪç ɡaːp deɐ ˈnɔɐtvɪnt dən ˈkamp͡f ˈaʊf /
● Two questions:– How do we make a detailed phonetic description? -
Annotation!– How do we transcribe the prosody? - This will come later!
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 55
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Empirical procedure: annotation (Praat screenshot)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 56
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Empirical procedure: annotation (Praat screenshot)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 57
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Empirical procedure: annotation (Praat drawing)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 58
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Empirical procedure: annotation
● Annotation:– Creation of pairs of labels and time-stamps
<vint, 1.309, 1.538>
– In Praat TextGrid format: intervals [8]: xmin = 1.3087321400301957 xmax = 1.537624753139184 text = "vint"
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 59
Domains of Prosody
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 60
Forms of prosody: parameter domains
● The classic three domains of Prosody:– melody:
● Phonetics: variation of fundamental frequency in time● Grammar: intonation, pitch accent, tone
– volume:● Phonetics: variation of intensity in time● Grammar: accent – focus / contrast / emphasis
– timing:● Phonetics: variation of unit durations in time
– Note that duration has three temporal dimensions:● duration of units (syllables, phrases, ...), rhythm● rate (speed, tempo) of utterance● acceleration, deceleration
● Grammar: phonemic; accent – focus / contrast / emphasis
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 61
Forms of prosody: the two main systems
● Melody– complex function of f0 at different rank levels
● phones (f0 perturbations by consonants and vowels)● syllables (contrastive functions of tones)● words (morphemic functions of tones)● phrases (structuring, attitudinal, iconic meanings tones)
● Rhythm– complex epiphenomenal effect of
● duration of phonetic units at different rank levels– phones, syllables, words, phrases, ...
● intensity variation at different rank levels– phones, syllables, words, phrases, …
● melody variation at different rank levels● top-down prediction by listener
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 62
Summary: Forms of Prosody – Definitions
● Basic perspective:● Prosodic features are temporal properties of sequences of
speech units
● Alternative perspective:● Prosodic properties (features) are time functions of
phonetic features– typically of, melody, volume, durations– but also of other language specific features including nasality, vowel
harmony
● Traditional perspective:Prosodic features are phonetic features whose temporal functional domain is larger than the phoneme
(hence one of the tems. suprasegmental features)
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 63
Forms of prosody: paradigmatic structures
● Paradigmatic structures: classification– inventories of items which contrast with each other and
enter into syntagmatic structures● tones:
– African tone languages: high / low; high / mid / low, ...– Mandarin Chinese: high, rise, fall-rise, fall
● pitch accents:– English:
● stress position: primary stress, secondary stress, unstressed● phonetic interpretation as pitch accent:
high, low, rise, fall, rise-fall, fall-rise, rise-fall-rise● intonation units:
– global contour: high / low; rising / falling; final accent / tone– local contour:
● focus / contrast / emphatic accents● paratones:
– falling / rising; wider / narrower range
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 64
Forms of prosody: syntagmatic structure
● Syntagmatic structure: composition– small units join into larger units of a different type
● linear sequence of consecutive units● hierarchical grouping of smaller into larger units● parallel synchronisation with overlapping association
● Requirements for processing models:– To model prosody, two kinds of compositional operation
are needed:● consecutive, sequential, temporal relations between speech
units– vocabularies of units at each rank of the language hierarchy– combinatorial principles for these units
● concurrent, parallel temporal relations between speech units – synchronisation, association
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 65
Forms of prosody: syntagmatic structure
● In the Rank Interpretation Architecture:– consecutive and concurrent processing operations
apply to● the phonetic gestures of speech● but also to the gestures used in writing
– handwriting– typing
● conversational gestures:– face and arm gesture, posture, body language– beats, deictics, metaphorics, ...
● sign language:– different languages of the deaf– in many different communities
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 66
Phonetic correlates – pitch, intensity, timing
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 67
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 68
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
amplitude; intensity = f(amplitude2)
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 69
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
voicing
pitch track
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 70
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
global downtrend model,declination model
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
smooth(f0) – f0 =
microprosody
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 71
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
global downtrend modeldeclination model
pitch perturbation model microprosody model
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
smooth(f0) – f0 =
microprosody
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 72
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
boundary tone
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 73
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
local pitch accents
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 74
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
local pitch accents boundary tone
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 75
Phonetic correlates: acoustic measurements
amplitude; intensity = f(amplitude2)
local pitch accents
global downtrend modeldeclination model
boundary tonepitch perturbation model microprosody model
voicing
pitch trackf0
Endlich gab der Nordwind den Kampf auf.
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 76
Summary of pitch-based prosodic categories
● Global prosody model:– global downtrend / declination / inclination– boundary tones
● Local prosody model:– pitch accents– tones
● Microprosody model:– intrinsic pitch of vowels– pitch perturbations by consonants
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 77
Summary in terms of the RIA approach
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 78
Summary in terms of the RIA approach
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 79
Summary in terms of the RIA approach
GLOBALPROSODY
MODEL
LOCALPROSODY
MODEL
Dafydd Gibbon, Guangzhou Prosody Lectures, November 2016 Lecture 01: Models and Methods 80
Summary: what you should know about by now
● The place of prosody in architectures of language:– functional, grammar-based, procedural architectures– the Rank Interpretation Architecture
● Methods of prosodic analysis– listening, transcription, annotation– prosodic domains, parameters, methods– acoustic phonetic analysis