1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Institute for Transport...
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1 Mobility Developments and Supply Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits Deficits in Rural Areas in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Institute for Transport Studies Studies BOKU, Vienna BOKU, Vienna COST Action 355 - COST Action 355 - WATCH WATCH Namur BE, Dec. 1-3, 2004 Namur BE, Dec. 1-3, 2004
1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Studies BOKU, Vienna COST Action 355 - WATCH Namur BE,
1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas
Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Studies BOKU, Vienna COST
Action 355 - WATCH Namur BE, Dec. 1-3, 2004
Slide 2
2 changes in social and economic structures concentration of
supply services in centres Cause effect pattern (detail) decreasing
demand for public transport decreasing demand for local supply less
supply of PT services less local supply services accessibility
problems for persons having no access to a private car increasing
distances increasing motorisation concentration of workplaces in
centres
Slide 3
3 National research project MOVE (1999-2003) to find and
evaluate measures to guarantee the basic supply of goods and
mobility services for people without access to a car Methodological
approach (1)Choosing 5 specific regions for detailed analysis
(2)Data collection Existing supply services and public transport
services Postal Household survey: socio-demographic details and
trip diaries (n=1368 households, response rate: 54%) Preparation of
measures and discussion in focus groups Stated preference survey
where hypothetical solutions were tested for their acceptance rate
(3)Interpretation of results
Slide 4
4 Structure of the projects MOVE & ARTS MOVE Part 1 MOVE
Part 2 Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal Sdliches Marchfeld Pllau
Schachen Klaus Windisch- garsten Haslach BNStO The Five Test
Regions in Four Austrian Provinces Klaus, O Research period 2002 -
2004 Austrian Demonstration: Dorfmobil EC Project ARTS
Identification of cause and effect correlations and of problem
regions, selection of problem regions
Slide 5
5 MOVE - the regions surveyed... Vienna Five economically
deprived rural areas in Austria
Slide 6
6 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches
Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee
Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500
inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten Pframa
Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth grocery bakery
butchers shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery
Slide 7
7 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches
Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee
Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg grocery bakery butchers
shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery up to 200 inh.
201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten
Pframa Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth
Slide 8
8 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches
Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee
Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg grocery bakery butchers
shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery up to 200 inh.
201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten
Pframa Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth
Slide 9
9 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches
Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee
Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg grocery bakery butchers
shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery up to 200 inh.
201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten
Pframa Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth
Slide 10
10 PT connections to the regional centre on school days
(Mon-Fri) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee Orth S l
o v a k i a Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Straudorf Haringsee
Eckartsau Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Leopoldsdorf Witzelsdorf
Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth D a n u b e
Engelhartstetten Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh.
1000-2000 inh. Loimersdorf PT connections to the regional centre PT
connections from the regional centre regional centre: 25km regional
centre: 13 km
Slide 11
11 PT connections to the regional centre on school holidays
(Mon-Fri) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee Orth S l
o v a k i a Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Straudorf Haringsee
Eckartsau Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Leopoldsdorf Witzelsdorf
Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth D a n u b e
Engelhartstetten Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh.
1000-2000 inh. Loimersdorf PT connections to the regional centre PT
connections from the regional centre regional centre: 25km regional
centre: 13 km
Slide 12
12 Kurier, 29.10.2000 13 Illegals in a Postal-Service Bus 13
illegal immigrants from Moldavia were picked from a postal-service
bus near Fuerstenfeld last Saturday. Police noticed an
exceptionally high occupancy rate on that bus. The officers checked
that out. Three women and ten men have to be sent back to
Hungary.
Slide 13
13 Motorization prognosis District of Gnserndorf Prognosis,
based on: Motorization in the USA (730 cars per 1000 Inhabitants,
1995) Assumption: 96% of driving-licence holders will own a
car
Slide 14
14 Driving licence holders Selected region: Unteres Pinka- und
Stremtal
Slide 15
15 Car availability Selected region: Unteres Pinka- und
Stremtal Motorisation levelCars per household
Slide 16
16 Mobility behaviour (driving licence holders and no driving
licence holders) Trip length
Slide 17
17 Klaus - Windischgarsten Typical modal split of persons with
/ without a driving licence
Slide 18
18 Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach Modal split of elderly
persons with / without driving license
Slide 19
19 Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach Modal split of elderly
persons with / without driving license
Slide 20
20 Modal split of shopping trips Marchfeld, Hartberg Men: n =
161, Women: n = 198
Slide 21
21 Local supply and car-availability per household Marchfeld,
Hartberg: n = 295
Slide 22
22 Modal split of private-supply trips 2000 and 2015 Southern
Marchfeld
Slide 23
23 Spatial prerequisites (shopping trips) Enough inhabitants in
the near catchment-area of the grocer
Slide 24
24 Spatial prerequisites Distance to the next supermarket
villages with shop villages without shop 6km
Slide 25
25 The task: Work Education Private supply (shopping,
doctor,...) Leisure time (social contacts, religion,...) Making
basic supply / accessibility available at reasonable effort Supply
Population Securing basic supply including mobility
Slide 26
26 Lots of improvements have to be made
Slide 27
27 ARTS demonstrations 36.963MESSARA (GR) 8.7852RUTO (ES)
63.1**108DEVELOPMENT (HU) 45.8*2,548CYMRU (UK) 10.9108ALMA (AT)
5.32,273BEALACH (IE) 10.23,100SAMKOM (SE) 7.31,519LEPPAVIRTA (FI)
inh/kmkm * Gwynedd County **Bacs-Kiskun County
Slide 28
28 ARTS demonstrations - overview Jan03- Jul03 Jan03 June03
Sep02 - Jun03 Mar03 Oct03 Dec02 - Dec03 Feb03 - Sep03 Aug02 - Jul03
Jun02 - May03 Duration Integration of school and regular transport
School transport to the centre RTI (SMS, phone servers) DRT
Characterisation of the service non-stud.: 2078 pass.trips
(16.4/day) students: 8,400 pass.trips (68.9/day) non-students: 5380
pass.trips 8.9 trips/day 168 trips/day SMS-service: 1% of bus users
line phone: 3% of bus users 3288 pass.trips (13.2 trips/day) 2232
pass.trips* 3642 pass.trips* minibus: 9161 pass.trips (36,6/day)
taxi: 1246 pass.trips* Users of the services MESSARA GR (2,320
inh.) RUTO ES (7,400 inh.) DEVELOPMENT HU CYMRU UK (116,800 inh.)
ALMA AT (1,180 inh.) BEALACH IE (12,100 inh.) SAMKOM SE (31,500
inh.) LEPPAVIRTA (11,000 inh.) FI X X students X (bus users) X X X
X Open for everybody Demonstration * services were offered once or
twice a week
Slide 29
29 ARTS - Car ownership per household n = 100 Kekskemet
(HU)Samkom (SE)
Slide 30
30 Driving license ownership (total population) Messara (GR) n
= 200 Alma (AT) EC research project ARTS
Slide 31
31 Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn
Slide 32
32 Upper Austria Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn 11
Inhabitants per km 1200 Inhabitants
Slide 33
33 Target groups Potential passengers relying on public
transport Persons who do not hold a driving licence young people
handicapped and old people people without a driving license for
other reasons Persons with driving licence but no motorised vehicle
available i.e. single-car households, when someone else uses the
car Persons who prefer not to / cannot drive themselves for other
reasons ill and injured persons business travellers
tourists...
Slide 34
34 Accessibility within the municipality Dorfmobil (Village
mobile) Target group: people without access to a car Problem:
destinations cannot be reached by foot no Public Transport
available dwindling social contacts daily necessities goods,
doctor, social contacts, PT-stops,... operator: non-profit
association = grass roots approach - driver: member of the
association (financial compensation) - vehicle(s): private car,
leased car of the association demand oriented service: pre-booking
via phone door-to-door service
Slide 35
35 Use of the Dorfmobil ? 50% NO Persons with no car available
50% YES Why not ? 83% no need 9% 8% other reason health reason
which fare ? (household interviews)
Slide 36
36 Percentage of people interviewed [%] (household interviews)
Open answers, multiple answers People without access to a private
car For which purposes would you use the Dorfmobil ?
Slide 37
37 The future of public transport in rural areas two
prerequisites must be met : (1)The sprawl of detached family houses
must end. Villages must be more densely built up so that local
settlement-nuclei allow affordable PT services. (2)PT must become
more flexible in terms of vehicles and operation. Standard
bus-services which operate between bus- stops only have to be
substituted or complemented with more flexible door-to-door
services.
Slide 38
38 Dependency on support by others Southern Marchfeld
Slide 39
39 Social aspects I am more independent now. Alma (AT)
Benefits%n Access to pensions & other services 8016 More social
contacts 459 Keep independence 357 Access to local town 255
Carefree travel 102 Keep health appointments 51 Bealach (IE)
Slide 40
40 Resources MOVE (2002): Mobility and supply needs in
economically deprived rural areas due to structural changes
http://www.boku.ac.at/verkehr/move.htm ARTS (2004): Actions on the
integration of Rural Transport Services. EC-RTD research programme
http://www.rural-transport.net/ [email protected]
Slide 41
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Slide 42
42 Use of the services Ruto (ES) Non-student passengers per day
Bealach (IE) Kilometres travelled
Slide 43
43 Use of the services (2) Alma (AT) passengers per workday
Messara (GR) passengers per month Samkom (SE)