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1
Meteorological National InstituteMeteorological National Institute
The Climatological Data Bank The Climatological Data Bank of of MNI TunisiaMNI Tunisia
Presented by : Mr Brahim BCHIR
2
The Climatological The Climatological Data BankData Bank
1. Introduction2.2. The organisation of climatological dataThe organisation of climatological data
2.1. Meteorological observations2.2. Climatological data storage
3. 3. The means usedThe means used3.1. Computing equipement3.2. Software and tools
4. 4. The collection and data validationThe collection and data validation4.1. Collection and digitization4.2. Data validation
5. 5. The data processingThe data processing
5.1 Calculation and loading data5.2 Statistical treatement5.3 Extraction and data backup
6. 6. The use of the CDB and climatThe use of the CDB and climate productse products
3
IntroductionIntroduction
Climatology at MNI is responsible for :
- Collect recent meteorological observations
- Use the archives of time spent to prepare and provide climatological
information
- Develop climate studies
Weather elements : wind, rain, temperature, atmospheric pressure,
humidity, solar radiation and evaporation are used to define the climate of
the country.
4
IntroductionIntroduction
The main activities in the field are :
- Data collection of recent weather observations
- Quality control of climate data
- Establishment of perennial climatological archives
- Provision of internal and external users at the MNI
with different raw and developed climate data
- Development of statistical elements to describe the climate
at local and regional scales
5
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
National Synoptic Stations Network
7 8 9 10 11 1230
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33
34
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BIZERTE
TUNIS_CARTHAGEKELIBIA
NABEULZAGHOUAN
BEJA
JENDOUBA
TABARKA
LE-KEF SILIANA
KAIROUANMONASTIRMAHDIA
SIDI-BOUZID
SFAX
GABES
MEDENINE
JERBA
TATAOUINE
REMADA
EL-BORMA
GAFSA
KASSERINE
THALA
TOZEUR
KEBILI
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
6
4 29
1156
158
143
66
518 443
60 212
354
21
4
116
3
216
300
258
313
707
1091
87
43
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
60714
60715 60720
6072860729
60723
60725
60710
60732 60734
60735 6074060742
60748
60750
60765
60770
60769
60772
60775
60780
60745
60739
60738
60760
60764
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6
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
MNI collect, store and backup climatological data in a variety of formats information.
2.1. Meteorological observations2.1. Meteorological observations
are recorded on technical documents :
CRQCRQ26 Main Stations
40 Hourly Parameters
64 Daily Parameters
TCMTCM75 Sub-Stations
8 Parameters 3 times per day
16 Daily Parameters
7
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
2.22.2. . The sThe storage of climate datatorage of climate data
-Reception , digitization and classification of technical documents
-Raw and developed data are managed through an Oracle RDBMS
with continous improvement actions
-Hourly and Daily observations of weather stations, most since 1950,
represent a total volume of about 30 GB is growing every day
8
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
Metadata :Metadata :
- Catalog – meteorological parameters
- Dictionary – monitoring stations
- Location and changing sites
- Station type and measurements
9
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
Metadata :Metadata :
10
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
Raw data ::- 26 Synoptic Stations most since 1950 : 1050 year Station
11
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
Raw data:Raw data:- 75 Sub-Stations most since 1950 : 3000 Year Station
12
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
The data preparedThe data prepared::
Maturing calculated parameters :
- Daily- Daily
- 10 days- 10 days
- Monthly- Monthly
- Normal (1961-1990)- Normal (1961-1990)
- Records- Records
13
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
Monthly Prepared dataMonthly Prepared data
14
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
BDCLIMBDCLIM
SYNTEMPSYNTEMP
Hourly dataHourly data
HOBSHOBS
PLUIEPLUIE
PHENOPHENO
TSOLTSOL
TCMSTCMS
QPQP
Daily dataDaily data
GOUVERGOUVER
DELEGDELEG
PARAMPARAM
RESEAURESEAU
STATIONSTATION
MetadataMetadata
10 days data10 days data
DECADDECADCLIMATCLIMAT
Monthly dataMonthly data
MOBSMOBS
NormalNormalRecordsRecords
NORMALESNORMALES
15
TABLETABLE Data TypeData Type NB. LIGNESNB. LIGNES
HOBS Hourly data / main stations 6 260 327
QP Daily data / main stations 417 440
SYNTEMP Recent hourly data 1 671 410
CRQTEMP Recent daily data 82 230
TCMS Daily data / substations 733 500
TSOL Ground temperature 269 092
PLUIE rainfall 46 163
PHENO Meteorological phenomena 28 733
MOBS Monthly data / main stations 13 896
MTCMS Monthly data / substations 24 562
The Organization of Climatological The Organization of Climatological DataData
16
The means used for the management The means used for the management of BDCLIMof BDCLIM
3.13.1. . The computer equipementThe computer equipement- Data Server SUN ENTERPRISE 450, Architecture 64 Bits
- 2 Processors SUN ULTRA SPARC II à 300 Mhz
- Memory 512 MB upgradeable to 4 GB
- Disks SCSI de 72.8 GB
- Internal Backup Device DSS4 on cartridge 4 mm 24 GB
- Workstations : Micro-ordinateurs Pentium IV à 3 Ghz
- LAN
3.2. Software and computer applications3.2. Software and computer applications - Operating system Unix SUN SOLARIS 9
- Compilers : C, C++, Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Micro Focus Cobol 4.1
- RDBMS : Oracle 9i for 32 concurrent users and tools :
* Design : Oracle Designer 2000
* Development : Oracle Developer 2000
* Administration : Entreprise Manager 2000
* Programming interface: Pro*C, Pro*Fortran, Pro*Cobol
17
Software and toolsSoftware and tools
PLPL/SQLSQL
SQLSQLLOADERLOADER
EXPEXPIMPIMP
DEDEVEVELOPERLOPER
REPORTREPORTDEDEVEVELOPERLOPER
FORMSFORMSSQLSQL
PLUSPLUS
PROPROC, FortranC, Fortran
CobolCobol
BDCLIMBDCLIM
Utilities
Generators Generators
aapplicationspplications
18
CClimatological data acquisitionlimatological data acquisition26 Synoptic
Stations
Synop messagesSynop messages&&
Monthly filesMonthly filesMonthly filesMonthly filesDaily interrogationDaily interrogation
25 Agrometeorological stations
50 Climatological stations
6 Subdivisions6 Subdivisions
BDCLIM
DigitizationVerificationShape controlChronological control
Quality controlCorrection & validation
Quality controlCorrection & Validation
Quality ControlCorrection & Validation
RecordsRecords
Technical papers
Documents FTP
SYNOPSYNOP
Loading data into the CDB
Observations
&
Transcripts
ASCII files ASCII files
- Information
- PublicationsInternal use
Messages
ASCII filesASCII files
ASCII files
19
Collection and data validationCollection and data validation
4.14.1. . Collection and digitizationCollection and digitization- External digitization of documents from 1950 to 1979- Workshop input operational since 1983- Data collection of automatic stations since 2002- Daily interrogation agrometeorological stations since 2003
20
Collection and data validationCollection and data validation
4.2. Data validation4.2. Data validation
Different types of controlDifferent types of control
- Monitoring and chronological control
- Plausibility check and internal consistency
- Space control
- Control of conformity and homogeneity
21
Collection and data validationCollection and data validation
Quality monitoring Quality monitoring
and recovery missing dataand recovery missing data
* * Statistics on errors by station and by period Statistics on errors by station and by period
* * Developed parameters (monthly average and records …)Developed parameters (monthly average and records …)
* Replenishment of erroneous or missing data* Replenishment of erroneous or missing data
22
Treatment and data storageTreatment and data storage
5.1 The calculation and loading data5.1 The calculation and loading data
- Daily loading SYNOP messages of 26 main stations
- Daily loading data from 25 Agrometeorological stations
- Monthly loading files of 50 substations
- Daily and monthly treatment of various parameters
- Update on the table of records
23
5.2 Statistical treatment5.2 Statistical treatment
•Parameters developed:Parameters developed: data from the statistics on the long runsdata from the statistics on the long runs
- - 10 days, monthly, yearly and thirtysomethings statistics10 days, monthly, yearly and thirtysomethings statistics
- Quantiles and monthly records , …- Quantiles and monthly records , …
- Frequencies and wind roses- Frequencies and wind roses
•Homogeneity of climatological series:Homogeneity of climatological series:- Trend series- Trend series
- Search for possible causes of heterogeneity- Search for possible causes of heterogeneity
- - Moving stationMoving station
- Change of environment- Change of environment
- Change instruments, …- Change instruments, …
Treatment and data storageTreatment and data storage
24
5.3 The extraction and data bac5.3 The extraction and data backupkup
Treatement and data storageTreatement and data storage
25
Treatement and data storageTreatement and data storage
Automatic messages CLIMAT
for dissemination climate data at the international level
26
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
66..11 Data visualization and reportingData visualization and reporting
- Editing real-time information from the CDB
27
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
28
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
29
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
- Timely provision of standard climatological information
30
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
66.2 Graphics.2 Graphics
31
66.3 Statistical studies of climate.3 Statistical studies of climate
The climate cluesThe climate clues Simples :
- Average annual rainfall
- Frequency of maximum temperatures > 9 th decile- Frequency of minimum temperatures < 1 st decile
Worked out :
- Combining several meteorological elements to characterize the
climate of each region and its evolution
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
32
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
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910111213141516
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12.6
13.3 14.4
15.0
15.1
11.7
11.2
10.510.9
13.2
9.4 10.5
13.110.7 14.8
13.1
13.6
14.415.8
12.0
12.413.2
13.0
15.3
14.6
14.9
15.6
15.8
15.0
14.9
14.1
14.3
12.5
9.7
9.2
10.9
15.5
15.0
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141516171819202122
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17.7
18.4 18.0
18.7
18.7
19.0
18.0
18.0
16.717.7
17.8
16.3 17.1
19.516.9 19.1
18.7
18.919.2
18.5
19.018.6
19.3
19.5
20.1
20.8
19.9
20.1
20.7
20.9
20.6
21.6
18.8
16.7
14.3
17.4
21.6
21.5
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19202122232425262728297 8 9 10 11 12
30
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22.7
23.5 21.4
22.2
22.5
22.8
24.4
24.7
22.924.8
22.4
23.1 23.7
25.923.2 23.4
24.3
23.7
23.422.6
25.0
25.724.1
25.5
23.7
25.5
26.6
24.0
24.5
26.4
26.8
27.0
28.7
25.2
23.7
19.3
24.1
27.7
28.0
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Average minimum temperature Average maximum temperature
Average temperatures
33
Meteorological National Institut
Normal annual rainfall in Tunisia
NORMAL (mm)
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
626
462 481
548
369
507
472
574
553
922
446
9491483
533 452
306402 333
375
346329
273
214234
216
212
201
183
233
239
198
107
92
49
174
303
451
316
100
107
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
32
33
34
35
36
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342006
Meteorological National Institut
Annual totals and Reports to Normal of rainfall in Tunisia
Reports to Normal
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7 8 9 10 11 1230
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0100200300400500600700800
689
567 589
670676
615
442
866
456 537
323 396325
264
290
418
131
295
112
111
101
165
257
359
130120
7 8 9 10 11 1230
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32
33
34
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38
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
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7090110130150170190
7 8 9 10 11 1230
31
32
33
34
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110
123 122
181143
107
99
91
85 119
106 11599
97
124
197
72
127
104
122
204
95
85
80
129112
7 8 9 10 11 1230
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35
The climate cluesThe climate clues
Distribution of annual rainfall (totals compared with the normal)
Rapport à la normale de la Pluviométrieen Tunisie
0
50
100
150
200
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Années
Rapport
%
36
The use of CDB and climate productsThe use of CDB and climate products
Special studiesSpecial studies
Combine climatological data with physical and socio-economic data to meet
the needs of planners and policy makers in various fields of activities
- Agriculture
- Energy- Health- Tourism- Transportation
37
Action to be takenAction to be taken
- Rescue and digitization of climate records which don’t yet exist in the CDB
Bizerte Tunis Kélibia Jendouba Kairouan Monastir Sfax Gabés Jerba Remada Gafsa Tozeur
1937 * * 19371938 * * 1938
1939 * * 19391940 1940
1941 19411942 1942
1943 * * * * * 19431944 * * * * * * * 1944
1945 * * * * 19451946 * * * * 1946
1947 * * 19471948 * * * * * * * * 1948
1949 * * * * * 19491950 * 1950
1951 * * * * * * * 19511952 * * * * * * 1952
1953 * * * * * * * 19531954 * * * * * * * * 1954
1955 * * * * * * * * 19551956 * * * * * * * * 1956
1957 * * * * * * * * 19571958 * * * * * * * * * 1958
1959 * * 19591960 * * * * * * 1960
1961 * * * * * * 19611962 * * * * * 1962
1963 * * * * * * * 19631964 * * * * * * * 1964
1965 * * * * * * * 19651966 * * * * * * * * * * 1966
1967 * * * * * * * * * 19671968 * * * * * * * * * * * * 1968
1969 * * * * * * * * * * * 1969Bizerte Tunis Kélibia Jendouba Kairouan Monastir Sfax Gabés Jerba Remada Gafsa Tozeur
38
ConclusionConclusion
- Improve the delivery of meteorological observations
- Develop controls for improved data quality
- Facilitate the access of users according to their needs
- Organize the work of climatology as a production system
for quality service at the earliest opportunity