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Make city roads smarter today!
Pravin Varaiya
Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, UC BerkeleyInstitute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong UST
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Outline
Why is traffic congestion so bad
Why is road network poorly managed
How to make our roads smarter
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Working population
Both % working age population and income are growing
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Vehicle growth faster than income
Vehicle ownership grows twice as rapidly as income in $3,000-$10,000 per capita range
Number of vehicles will triple by 2030
Fig Source: Joyce Dargay, Dermot Gately and Martin Sommer, 2007, Vehicle Ownership and Income Growth, Worldwide: 1960-2030
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Auto market in developing countries
14.47% annual vehicle growth in India
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Strains on road network
Population spread
– Rapid spatial growth and urban sprawl
Under-resourced road network
– Between 1970-2000 road network increased 3x, vehicles increased 16x
– Peak-time average speed10-15 kph on main roads; 21-39 kph on arterial roads
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Why traffic congestion
Increasing working population
+Increasing income per capita
+Decreasing car prices
=Fastest growing car market in world
Increasing car ownership
+Increasing population spread
+Under-resourced road network
= Urban traffic congestion
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Cost of poorly managed roadsEffects of Congestion
- Fuel loss at signalized intersections- Rs 995 crores per year, Rs 80 lakhs daily @ Moti Bagh crossing
- Congestion delay costs Rs. 240 lakhs annually
- Vehicles in congestion emit nearly four times more pollution
- Autos greatest source of pollution (Delhi 66%, Mumbai 52%)
Accidents and fatalities
– More than 25 accidents and 5 fatalities per day in Delhi
– India has 1% of the world's cars, but 10% of traffic fatalities
– 5x fatalities of USA with 1/40x cars
– Economic cost of accidents in Delhi is estimated to be Rs.35 lakhs per day
These costs can be reduced by better management
Source: Delhi Traffic Police Dept , Economic Survey of Delhi 2002
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Why poor management
Transportation planners and engineers have many methods (theories and tools) to make road network efficient
These methods need comprehensive traffic data
India’s cities need urban traffic data system to support good road network management
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Urban traffic data system
Sensing, data backhaul, data base, applications:
Road performance Signal control Transit priority Emissions reduction Parking policy Traveler information Incident management Diversion …
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Conclusion
Urban auto traffic demand will grow rapidly
In absence of intelligent management the cost in fuel, emissions, delay are excessive
Without measurement, management is blind
New (and existing) road networks should develop urban traffic data system
