8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

1/43

Instructor : Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Hartanto, M.Sc.: Arief Udhiarto, S.T, M.T: Dr. Ratno Nuryadi, M.Eng.

Source :Professor Nathan Cheung, U.C. Berkeley

ELECTRONICS DEVICE

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

2/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 2

Schedule

Lectures: K.108 Tue. 13:00-14.50 AM

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

3/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 3

Relation to Other Courses

Prerequisite:Simple pn-junction, BJT and MOSFET theory;

BJT and MOSFET circuit applications. Familiarity with the Bohr atomic model

Relation to other courses:Electronics Engineering

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

4/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 4

Reading Material

Primary Text :Semiconductor Device Fundamentals : R. F. Pierret(Addison Wesley, 1996)

Semiconductor Integrated Circuit ProcessingTechnology : Runyan, Bean (Addison Wesley,1996)

References Text: Solid State Electronic Devices 4thEdition: B. G.

Stretman, S. Banerjee (Prentice Hall, 2000) Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits3rdEdition: R. Muller, T. Kamins (Wiley & Sons, 2003)

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

5/43

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

6/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 6

Pre Test

1. What do you know about insulator,conductor, semiconductor?2. What is the different between unipolar

device and bipolar device?3. What do you know about MOSFET?

10 Minutes Only

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

7/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 7

Course Organization

Semiconductor Physics;

Metal-Semiconductor Contact

PN-Junction

Bipolar Junction Transistor

MOSFETIC Processing

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

8/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 8

Overview of IC Devices and

Semiconductor Fundamentals

Reading Assignment : Pierret Chap 1, Chap 2

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

9/43

Applications of Semiconductor

Devices

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 9

Semiconductor

Devices

draingate

source

n+n+

p - Si

MOSFET

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

10/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 10

Evolution of Bipolar Junction Transistors

Point Contact BJT1947

SiGe BJT2000 Si Nanowire BJT

2003

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

11/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 11

Today and Tomorrow

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

12/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 12

State-of-the-art Transistor Size

1m = 10-6m = 10-4 cm = 1000 nm 1 nm =10

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

13/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 13

Advantages of Technology Scaling

More dies per wafer, lower cost

Higher-speed devices and circuits

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

14/43

Roadmap of Transistor

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 14

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

15/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 15

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

16/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 16

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

17/43

Moore Law (Gordon Moore 1965)

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 17

The number of trans istors in a

ch ip w i ll be doubled

every 18

months

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

18/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 18

Bulk Si Wafer to IC Chip

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

19/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 19

CZ (Czochralski) Crystal Growth

http://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH05/CZ.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH05/CZ.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH05/CZ.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH05/CZ.HTM

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

20/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 20

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

21/43

History

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 21

1904 Vacuum Tube

1925 Concept of Field Effect Transistor

1947Bipolar Transistor1958 Bipolar IC

1959 MOS Transistor

1961 IC-MOS Technology

1972 MOS Microprocessor

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

22/43

Conductivity in Solid

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 22

Resistivity [ cm]

Conductivity [ cm]

-1

10-81018

10-18 108103

10-8

108 10-3

Ag

Cu

Al

Glass

Pure

DiamondQuartz

Si

Semiconductors ConductorsInsulators

GaAs

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

23/43

Semiconductors

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 23

Elemental SemiconductorSi, Ge

Compound SemiconductorGaAs - Gallium arsenideGaP - Gallium phosphide

AlAs - Aluminum arsenideAlP - Aluminum phosphideInP - Indium PhosphideZnOZinc OxideCdSeCadmium selenide

Etc.Alloys

Si1-xGex, AlxGa1-xAs

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

24/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 24

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

25/43

Important Unit Cells

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 25

Crystallographic Planes and Si

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/kristalograpi2.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/kristalograpi2.htm

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

26/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 26

Crystallographic Planesand Si

Wafers

Silicon wafers are usually cut along the (100)plane with a flat or notch to orient the waferduring IC fabrication

Miller Indices

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/kristalograpi2.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/kristalograpi2.htm

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

27/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 27

Miller Indices

Crystallographic Notation

h: inverse x-interceptk: inverse y-intercept

l: inverse z-intercept(Intercept values are in multiples of the lattice constant;h, k and l are reduced to 3 integers having the sameratio.)

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

28/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 28

Crystallographic Planes

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

29/43

Si (100)

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 29

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

30/43

Si (111)

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 30

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

31/43

Si (100) and Si (110)

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 31

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

32/43

Si (100) and Si (110)

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 32

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

33/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 33

Silicon Atom

1s, 2s, 2p orbitals filled by 10

electrons 3s, 3p orbitals filled by 4

electrons

4 nearest neighborsunit cell length = 5.435 1022atoms/cm3

diamond cubic structure

The Si Atom The Si Crystal

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/hidrogen2.htm

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

34/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 34

Bohr Model

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/hidrogen2.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/bab1/bab1/hidrogen2.htm

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

35/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 35

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

36/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 36

Conduction Band and Valence Band

ElectronPotentialEnergy

The Simplified Energy Band

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

37/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 37

The Simplified Energy Band

Diagram

Semiconductors Insulators and

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

38/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 38

Semiconductors, Insulators, and

Conductors

Totally filled band and totally empty bands do not allow

current flow. (just as there is no motion of liquid in a

totally filled or totally empty bottle

Metal conduction band is half-filled Semiconductors have lower Egs than insulators and

can be doped

D i f S

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

39/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 39

Density of States

Density of States at Conduction Band:

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

40/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 40

Density of States at Conduction Band:

The Greek Theater Analogy

C t f h l

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

41/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia 41

Concept of a hole

An unoccupied electronic state inthe valence band is called a hole

Treat as positively charge mobile particle in the semiconductors

B d M d l f El d H l

http://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/SEMICON.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/SEMICON.HTM

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

42/43

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Indonesia42

Bond Model of Electrons and Holes

El t d H l

http://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/SEMICON.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/SEMICON.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/EG.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/EG.HTM

8/10/2019 1-Lesson1-Review of Electronic Devices

43/43

Electrical Engineering Department43

Electrons and Holes

http://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/EG.HTMhttp://localhost/Solar%20Sel/PVCDROM/CH02/EG.HTM