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Lesson 14

World War I: Legacies of the War

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Lesson Objectives

• Understand and be able to describe the impact of the Great War.

• Be able to discuss the major provisions of the Versailles Treaty and how this document sowed the seeds for World War II.

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Occupation of Germany

Allied Occupation Zones

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Occupation of Germany

U.S. artillerymen cross the Rhine River for occupation dutyLate November 1918

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The Cost of War

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The Cost of War

US 4,744,000 126,000

Participants Deaths

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The Cost of WarAll Nations

By number of dead

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The Cost of WarAll Nations

By percent mobilized

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The Cost of War

Somme American Cemetery

Tyne Cote Cemetery (Ypres) Belgium

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The Cost of War

Douaumont OssuaryVerdun

Contains the bones of an estimated 130,000 unidentified French and German soldiers

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Seeds of the Next War

Versailles Treaty

Influences on World War II

Lessons of World War I

Great Depression

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Treaty of Versailles

Extremely harsh conditions

• Significant territorial concessions

• Huge reparations

• Severe limitations on military

• German admission of responsibility for war

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Treaty of Versailles

Florida Holocaust Museumhttp://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/thirdreich/treaty_versailles.cfm

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Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

• 269 billion gold marks ( £ 24 billion)

• Later reduced to 132 B gold marks ( £ 6.6 B)

• Equivalent to $284 B (based on CPI)*

Many feel this led to the economic collapse of the 1920’s that sewed the seeds of Fascism

* 2005

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Treaty of Versailles

Military Provisions

• German army restricted to 100,000 men (long term contract)

• No conscription or training

• No tanks or heavy artillery

• Navy limited to 15,000 men

• 6 small battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no U-boats

• No air force

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Treaty of Versailles

War Guilt Clause

``The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.''

Article 231

Treaty of Versailles

"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013

(31:47 – 37:27)

Exam 1 - Lessons 1-14

Review Slides

Study Notes

These slides are provided to help you identify the key topics covered in the lectures. They will assist you in understanding the material but should not be your only review source.

Of equal importance are the slides leading up to these summaries. Study these preliminary slides will help you understand the context and importance of the “Buzzword” summary slides.

Another valuable review source is the study guide questions for each lesson. Some of the exam questions will come from these.

I wish you all the best of success!

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Review of the War

August 3, 1914 Germany invades Belgium; war begins

“Miracle of the Marne”; German invasion haltedSept 5-10, 1914

October 1914 Race to the Sea ends; Stalemate on Western Front

1915 Sea blockades established around UK and Germany

Feb 1915-Jan 1916 Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli)

1916 Germans accept futility of breakthrough on Western Front, adopt attrition strategy against French at Verdun

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Review of the War

Battle of Verdun (German Offensive)Feb - Dec 1916

Battle of the Somme (Allied Offensive)Jul - Nov 1916

German decision for unrestricted sub warfare1 Feb 1917

Germans withdraw to Hindenburg LineMar 1917

US declares war on Germany6 April 1917

Zimmerman Telegram revealed24 Feb 1917

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Review of the War

First American troops arrive in FranceJune 1917

Germans Spring Offensive

3 Mar 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia out of the war)

21 Mar - 18 Jul 1918

Armistice11 Nov 1918

Allies’ Hundred Days Offensive8 Aug - 11 Nov 1918

28 Jun 1919 Treaty of Versailles signed

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Review of World War I

Start Animation

Animated Maps

( 6:43 )

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Phases of World War I

1914 - Maneuver and Frustration

1915 - Search for New Solutions

1916 - Attrition

1917 - Desperation and Anticipation

1918 - Dénouement

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Video Title

Video Title

"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013