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11
INSTITUTE of SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Founded 1972
18 Laboratories and Theoretical Department
Staff - 180, Scientific staff - 100
In the field of atomic and plasma physics
1.Optics and Spectroscopy
2. Atomic Spectroscopy
3. Metal Vapour Lasers
22
Laboratory Atomic Spectroscopy
1. Employment of HCD for analytical investigations – analyses of layer-by-layer surface of the complex material.- Dr. V. Mihailov
2. Investigation of plasma electron spectroscopy and applications – Dr. P. Pramatarov, Dr. M. Stefanova3. Atomic constants, atomic spectroscopy and application – Prof. K. Blagoev4. Quantum optics – Dr. E. Dimova
33
Atomic structure, atomic constants G. Malcheva K. Blagoev
4
()
I(t)
tAki
Akb
Aka
fik b
a
k
i
Experimental methods for lifetimes and transition probabilities determination
Radiative lifetimes
- time evolution of the population
* Beam foil/laser
* time resolved method with:
++ electron excitation
++ laser excitation ( LIF)
- width of the excited states
+ Hanle method
Transition probabilities – branching fractions I = 1/Aik
Aik = (1/i)(Ii/Ij)
5
Radiative lifetimes of excited states
- time evolution of the population
* Beam foil/laser
* time resolved method with:
++ electron excitation
++ laser excitation ( LIF)
- width of the excited states
+ Hanle method
6
Motivation
• Obtaining new information about atomic structure and radiative properties;
• New or more precise data for radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities in application for:
laser physics, plasma physics and especially for astrophysics
• Verification of theoretical methods
7
List of the investigated atomic spectraRadiative lifetimes of high lying excited states of NeII,ArII,KrII,XeII –
delayed coincidence method with pulsed electron excitation- Radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities of atoms and ions of
IIB, IIA groupHg I - LIF and DC methods and HF calculations,Hg II - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Hg III – Delayed coincidence method,Cd I, II - LIF method, HF calculation, branching ratio,Cd III - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Zn I, I – LIF method and HF calculations,AgII, CuII – transition probabilities, branching ratio
Radiative lifetimes of some transition elementsZr I, Zr II, III – LIF method and HF calculation Hf I, Hf III – LIF method and HF calculation Nb I LIF, calculationsYI, Y III LIF, calculationsTb I , LIF in progress
8
1D
2
3P
2
3F
4
Hg+
3D
3
1P
1
1850
1269
99
E (
x 10-3 c
m-1)
5d10
6p2
8
8
8
8
7
67
77
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
HgI 5d10
6s2 1S
0
3D
3
3D
2
3D
1
3P
2
3P
1
3P
0
3S
1
5d96s
26p'
1S
0
1P
1
1D
2
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
9
VACUUMSYSTEM GAS
INLET
POWERSUPPLY
ELECTRONGUN
MONOCHROMATORPMP
GENERATOR TIME – AMPLITUDECONVERTOR
AMPLIFIER
ADCPC CAMAC
AMPLIFIER
t=10 ns
Experimental method and experimental set-up
10
Table 2. Radiative Lifetimes of n3P states of HgI(ns)
Experiment Theory
State [1] DC 2002
[2] Hanle, 1975
[3] , =1/Aik
1987
[4]
8p3P0 248 213
8p3P1 167 61 42 177
8p3P2 156 95 145
9p3P0 339
9p3P1 135 79 124
9p3P2 41
10p3P2 375 44
1. K. Blagoev et al Proc SPIE,v5226, 164(2002), Proc. EGAS34,186(2002)2. E. Alipieva et al Opt. Sprctr. 43,529(1977);3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987);4. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)
11
Experiment Theory
State [1]LIF
[2] e-ph
[3] =1/Aik
[4] BF
[5]BF
[6]
6p1P 1.3 1.35 1.27 1.2
7p1P 26 12
8p1P 72 38
9p1P 10 10
10p1P 55.6 51 41
1. K. Blagoev et al proc. SPIE, v. 5256,164(2002); 2. G. C. King et al J. Phys. B B8, 365(1975); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988); 5. T. Anderson et al JQSRT 13,369(1973); 6. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)
Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of np1P states of HgI(ns).
12
Experiment Theory
State [1]DC
[2]e-ph
[3] =1/Aik
[4]BF
[5]BF
[6]
6p1P1 1.3 1.35 1.27 1.2
7p1P1 26 12
8p1P1 72 38
9p1P1 10 10
5d96s26p 1P1 5.3
10p1P1 55.6 51 41
Table 1a. Radiative Lifetimes of np P states of HgI(ns).
K.Blagoev et al Proc. SPIE, v4397, p. 256
13
Delaygenerat
or
Helmholtzcoil
Topview
Ablation laser
Nd:YAGlaser (A)
Rotating Zr target
MCPPMT
MonochromatorTransientDigitizer
Computer
Trigger
KDP BBO
Sideview
Trigger
Nd:YAGlaser (B)
SBScompress
or
Dyelaser
Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Equipment in Lund Laser Centre
14
H2
Raman cell
Lens Lens Pelin-Broca prism
Generation of necessary frequencies using second, third harmonic and Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman components.
15
16
17
List of the investigated atomic spectraRadiative lifetimes of high lying excited states of NeII,ArII,KrII,XeII –
delayed coincidence method with pulsed electron excitation- Radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities of atoms and ions of
IIB, IIA groupHg I - LIF and DC methods and HF calculations,Hg II - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Hg III – Delayed coincidence method,Cd I, II - LIF method, HF calculation, branching ratio,Cd III - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Zn I, I – LIF method and HF calculations,AgII, CuII – transition probabilities, branching ratio
Radiative lifetimes of some transition elementsZr I, Zr II, III – LIF method and HF calculation Hf I, Hf III – LIF method and HF calculation Nb I - LIF, calculationsYI, Y III - LIF, calculationsTb I - LIF in progress
18
Table2. Excitation schemes
Level E, cm-1 Starting level
Starting level, cm-1
exc
(nm)air
obs
(nm)air
4d5p z1D2o 53647.21 4d2 1D2 5741.5 208.68 286.9 3
4d5p z3D1o 55614.42 4d2 3P0 8062.0 210.23 268.6 3
4d5p z3D2o 56435.65 4d2 3P1 8325.6 207.79 265.6 3
4d5p z3D3o 57346.83 4d2 3P2 8838.2 206.08 264.4 3
4d5p z3F2o 55555.63 4d2 3P1 8325.6 211.66 269.0 3
Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of Zr III excited levels (data in ns).
LevelEnergy, Experiment Theory.
cm-1 This work This work [7] [3]
4d5p z1D2o 53647.21 1.70(20) 1.52 1.53 1.48
4d5p z3D1o 55614.42 1.10(15) 0.95 0.96 0.91
4d5p z3D2o 56435.65 1.15(10) 0.92 0.94 0.89
4d5p z3D3o 57346.83 1.05(15) 0.92 0.93 0.89
4d5p z3F2o 55555.63 1.90(20) 1.55 1.55 1.51
R. Mayo, J. Campos, M. Ortiz, H. Xu, S. Svanberg , G. Malcheva and K. BlagoevEur. Phys. J: D40,169,2006.
19
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
- signal - fit - laser pulse - residual
Inte
nsi
ty(A
rb. U
nits
)
Time (ns)
A typical experimental time-resolved signal from the 53647.21 cm−1 level in Zr III.
20
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
42
3
1
Time (ns)
Inte
nis
ty (
arb
. un
its)
3 Gauss
60 Gauss98 Gauss
134 Gauss
168 Gauss
202 Gauss0 100 200 300 400 500
21
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Inte
nsity (
arb
. u
nits)
Time (ns)
134 Gauss
22
()
I(t)
tAki
Akb
Aka
fik b
a
k
i
Experimental methods for lifetimes and transition probabilities determination
Radiative lifetimes
- time evolution of the population
* Beam foil/laser
* time resolved method with:
++ electron excitation
++ laser excitation ( LIF)
- width of the excited states
+ Hanle method
Transition probabilities – branching fractions
I = 1/Aik, Aik = (1/i)(Ii/Ij)
23
Принцип на действие на лазерно-индуцираната спектроскопия (LIBS)
24
Nd-YAGLaser
Monochromator Photodetector
AmplifierDelayOscilloscope
OMA III Computer
Laser parameters: 1064 nm, 20 Hz, t = 7 ns, E = 240 mJ.
Transition probabilities - LIBS
25
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000Au II
291.82 Au II
291.35 Au II
Au II
Au I
289.33 Au II
Au I
Au II
Au I 500 ns
300 ns
200 ns
100 ns
Wavelength (nm)295.83285.55
Rel
ativ
e in
tens
ities
(ar
b. u
.)Time dependence of Au I and Au II spectra
26
LIBS in archaeologyLIBS in archaeology
27
Nd:YAG laser (Quanta Ray GC3),λ = 1064 nmE = 700-800 mJT≈ 10 ns; 10 Hz
Eschelle spectrometer (Mechelle 5000)
Sample
28
29
30
Spectrum from silver sample obtained by Meshele 5000
300 400 500 600 700
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
589.0Na I
546.5
520.9
Ag I
Ag I
422.7Cu II
393.3Cu II
338.3Ag I
324.7
Inte
nsity,
arb
. u
nits
Wavelength, nm
Cu I
Ag I328.0
31
LIBS in Art
32
LIBS
33
J. Campos, M. Ortiz,R. Mayo - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain;
-H. L. Xu, S. Svanberg, L. Engstr¨om, H. Lundberg - Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden
- H. Nilsson - Lund Observatory, Lund, Sweden
-E. Biémont, P. Quinet, V. Fivet - Université de Liège, Liège 1, Belgium
-P. Palmeri - Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, - Universit´e de Mons– UMONS, Mons, Belgium
-Acknowledgements-Laser lab in Europe -Bulgarian National Science Foundation
34
Thank you