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1
Immigrant and Refugee Integration
The Canadian Way
Concepts and Context
San Jose, Costa Rica
June 23, 2005
Citizenship and Citizenship and Immigration CanadaImmigration Canada
Citoyenneté et Citoyenneté et Immigration CanadaImmigration Canada
2
OVERVIEW
Katharine Cornfield
Director, Integration Promotion
Integration Branch, CIC
3
MANAGED MIGRATION TO CANADA
Government establishes annual plan for immigration and reports to Parliament
Goal is to select and admit approximately 225,000 permanent residents each year
Balance of economic immigrants, family members and refugees is intended to facilitate successful integration
Canada also admits thousands of temporary residents each year
4
TYPES OF MIGRATION
•Temporary Residents•Students•Temporary Workers
•Permanent Residents •Economic•Non-Economic (Family Class)
•Refugees•Resettled•Asylum
•Without Status
5
THE IMMIGRATION ACT
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act affirms fundamental principles of non-discrimination and universality
The Act articulates three basic goals for selecting immigrants for permanent residence based on our economic, social, and humanitarian values
The Act also defines visitor status for students and temporary workers.
6
IMMIGRATION AND THE CONSTITUTION
Constitutionally, immigration is a shared jurisdictional responsibility:
• federal government responsible for entry, asylum, processing and removal activities• some provincial involvement in immigrant and overseas refugee selection and in settlement and integration services
Constitutionally, health, education and social services are provincial responsibilities with federal transfer payments.
Permanent residents, including refugees, have full access to social services, health services and education.
Federal government provides some specialized services to permanent residents and refugees.
7
A SNAPSHOT OF DIVERSITY IN CANADA
40 years ago, the top 10 immigrant source countries were European
In 2003, the top five source countries for immigrants were Asian
The characteristics of Canada’s population are changing
8
CLUSTERED IN THREE CITIES
Canada’s immigrant and refugee population largely urban:
73% of the immigrants settle in - Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal
Resettled refugees also destined to medium-sized and large communities
Key tool to social cohesion – effective immigrant integration
9
SOCIAL COHESION - THE CANADIAN CONTEXT
Canada’s history is built upon three key elements of diversity
Census 2001 – 5.4 million individuals born outside of the country – 18% of our population
Four million individuals identified as visible minorities– 13% of our total population of 29.6 million
Diversity presents the country with opportunities
10
CANADA’S SHARED CITIZENSHIP MODEL
Canadians have developed a unique model of “shared citizenship”
Key success factors: shared core values, shared rights and responsibilities
Common goal of building an inclusive society
11
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Multiculturalism fosters cultural participation, active citizenship and participation in Canada’s civic life, and strengthens connections among Canadians
In 10 years – 100% of our net labour force growth will come from immigrants
In 20 years – 100% of our net population growth will come from immigration
12
CANADA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Canada’s comprehensive legal framework provides essential constructs to support social cohesion:
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms supported by:
the Canadian Bill of Rights (1960) the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (1962/2002) the Official Languages Act (1969/85) the Canadian Human Rights Act (1977/85) the Citizenship Act (1985) the Employment Equity Act (1986/95) the Multiculturalism Act (1988)
13
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRATION
Public support is essential to sustain Canada’s immigration and integration programs.
Canada measures public attitudes at regular intervals through opinion polling and research.
To maintain public support, Canada actively promotes basic understanding of the economic and social benefits of immigration, supports successful integration of newcomers and combats racism and discrimination through public education and outreach.
14
CANADA’S INTEGRATION MODEL
Katharine Cornfield,
Director, Integration Promotion
Integration Branch, CIC
15
WHAT IS INTEGRATION?
The Federal Immigrant Integration Strategy (1992) defines integration as:
The ability to contribute, free of barriers, to every dimension of Canadian life – economic, social, cultural and political.
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (2002) states as an objective:
3. (1) e to promote the successful integration of permanent residents into Canada, while recognizing that integration involves mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian society
16
INTEGRATION: THE CANADIAN MODEL
Facilitate newcomers to settle, adapt and integrate into Canadian society
Two-way process –requires active participation of both newcomers and society
Ultimate objective- acquisition of citizenship
17
POLICY UNDERPINNINGS
2-way process – rights and responsibilities
Acknowledgment of shared values
Language proficiency
Financial self-sufficiency
Socio-economic participation
18
PARTNERSHIP
WHO NEEDS TO BE INVOLVED
FEDERAL GOV'T
PROVINCIAL GOV'TS
MUNICIPAL GOV'TSVOLUNTARY
SECTOR
PRIVATE SPONSORSHIPCOMMUNITY
THE REFUGEE
BUSINESSCOMMUNITY
19
CANADIAN INTEGRATION MODEL
1- Canadian Orientation AbroadServices Abroad
3- SettlementResettlement Assistance Program (RAP)Private SponsorshipImmigrant Settlement and Adaptation Program (ISAP), including ELTLanguage Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC)Host ProgramPartnerships with other government departments, other governments, international/national and local organizations
4- CitizenshipCitizenship PreparationGrant of Canadian CitizenshipFull Participation in Canadian Society
Integration Programs Partnership DeliveryCommunity Capacity Building
2- Reception in Canada “Welcome to Canada” at Ports of EntryRefugee Reception at Ports of Entry
Services In Canada
A
B
C
Citizenship Services
DIs a Canadian citizen under theprovisions of the Citizenship Actand, as such, is entitled to all the rights and privileges and is subjectto all the duties and responsibilitiesof a Canadian citizen
est citoyen canadien aux termesde la Loi sur la citoyenneté et, à cetitre, jouit de tous les droits etprivilèges et est assujetti(e) à tousles devoirs et responsabilités d'uncitoyen canadien.
MINISTER - MINISTRE
John Doe
Certificateof
Canadian Citizenship
Certificat de
Citoyenneté Canadienne