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1H-NMR
3.7 The Spectrometer
The FID (Free Induction Decay)
Fourier Transform (time domain signal converted to frequency domain signal)
1H-NMR – Chemical Shift
Chemical equivalence
Hybridization effects
Electronegativity Effects
Shielding (vs deshielded)
hexane
1H-NMR – Chemical Shift
Acidic and Exchangeable Protons - Chemical Shift Ranges
Exchangable proton
Chemical Shift Range (ppm)
Acids RCOOH 10.5 - 12
Phenols ArOH 4.0-7.0
(as high as 9.0)
Alcohols ROH 0.5 – 5.0
Amines RNH2 0.5 – 5.0
Amides RCONH2 5.0 - 9.0
C6H5-CH=CH-CO2CH3
C10H10O2
1H-NMR – Coupling - The Coupling Constant (3.17)30
89.
830
73.
8
258
7.6
257
1.6