1

EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY WASHING ON CRYSTALWARE

Prepared by Giancarlo Boschi (Calp)

Presented by Rino Visentin (Calp)

13th ICF TECHNICAL EXCHANGE CONFERENCE

2

INDEX• 1) THE STARTING POINT: ICF RECOMMENDATIONS

• 2) BOTTLES

2.1 Type of products

2.2 Prewashing cycle

2.3 Test results

• 3) SMALL HOLLOWWARE

3.1 Type of products

3.2 Prewashing cycles

3.3 Test results

• 4) COMMENTS

3

From ICF CONSUMER’S CARE AND USE GUIDE FOR

FINE CRYSTAL

Page 4

PREPARING TO USE YOUR CRYSTAL FOR THE FIRST TIME

“Before using new crystal storage vessels, such as decanters and pitchers, observe the following steps.

• A) Fill with a room temperature solution of 50% vinegar or citric acid ( i.e. lemon juice) and 50% water.

• B) Let stand for 24 hours.• C) Empty and rinse with warm water. “

4

• ICF RECOMMENDATION IS CLEAR FOR BOTTLES AND DECANTERS, AND IT CAN BE CONSIDERED “APPLICABLE”

(CONSUMER DOES NOT BUY MORE THAN 1 o 2 BOTTLES

PER TIME)

• ICF DOES NOT GIVE EXPLICITELY A SIMILAR

RECOMMENDATION FOR TUMBLERS AND STEMWARE

• CALP HAS TESTED:

BOTTLES according to ICF recommendations

SMALL HOLLOWARE after 4 different pre-washing cycles

5

BOTTLES• ‘ICF’ Pre-washing :

24 hours contact time with a 50% vinegar solution

• Tested Bottles:

‘new’ and ‘automatic production’

ISO Test : 113 gr/L

SA/V = 0.62 cm-1

• pH Whisky = 3.9

Whisky Volume : 700 ml

6

Pb Leaching into whisky after 1 year contact time

• ORDINARY BOTTLES

426 gr/L

• PRE-WASHED BOTTLES

7 gr/L

426

70

50100150200250300350400450

after 1 year

Ordinary

Prewashed

7

COMMENTS• The pre-washing cycle recommended by ICF

results to be very effective

• Its application is relatively simple, although we can doubt that a contact time of 24 hours is applied by the Consumer

• The effect of a shorter contact time (i.e. 2 hours) could be investigated in order to evaluate the effect of a simpler (shorter) pre-washing cycle

8

Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware

• Type 1) DISHWASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR

• Type 2) HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR

• Type 3) DISHWASHING WITH VINEGAR

• Type 4) HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR

9

Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware

DISHWASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 1)• 1) WASHING CYCLE AT 60°C AND pH = 10

• 1) RINSING CYCLE

TOTAL TIME: 30’

HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 2)• 1) HAND WASHING AT 50°C AND pH = 9.3

• 1) RINSING CYCLE

TOTAL TIME: 30’’

10

Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware

DISHWASHING WITH VINEGAR (Type 3)ADDING 150 cc OF VINEGAR TO THE MACHINE AFTER HAVING

FILLED IT WITH WATER (6 LT):

VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL.

pH WASHING WATER = 4.4

HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR (Type 4)ADDING 150cc OF VINEGAR SO AS TO HAVE:

VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL.

pH WASHING WATER = 4.3

11

TESTED PRODUCTS• HAND MADE VODKA TUMBLER (Model A)

SA/ V - 1,213 cm-1

SA - 92,20 cm2

V - 76 cm3

24 H ISO TEST = 1098 µgr/Litre Pb• AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION WINE STEMWARE (Model B)

SA/ V - 0,889 cm-1

SA - 126,25 cm2

V - 142 cm3

24 H ISO TEST = 256 µgr/Litre Pb

Both products have been tested several months after their production: “aged” products.

12

TEST RESULTS

In order to simplify the test protocol, all Lead leaching tests have been carried out for 2 hours contact time, instead of the 24 hours prescribed by ISO 7086.

The test results are reported using the following identification criteria:

Model of glassware under test ( A or B)

Type of prewashing ( 1, 2, 3, or 4; number 0 identifies the 2 hours ISO test

without pre-washing)

In the following slides the reference values are shown as A0 and B0.

All data are the average of 2 samples

13

LEAD LEACHING 24 hrs ISO TEST

• HAND MADE (A)

1098 gr/Litre

• AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B)

256 gr/Litre

1098

256

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

24 ore

AB

14

24 hrs LEAD LEACHING ISO TEST VS 2 hrs LEAD LEACHING TEST

• HAND MADE (A)

1098 gr/Litre ( ISO test )

• HAND MADE (A0)

639 gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 58% of ISO

• AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B)

256 gr/Litre ( ISO test )

• AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B0)

198 gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 77% of ISO

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

24 H 2 H

A

B

A0

B0

15

Pre-washing Type 1Dishwashing without vinegar (A1 - B1)

• A0 639 gr/Litre• A1 412 gr/Litre

• B0 198 gr/Litre• B1 133 gr/Litre

There is a Lead leaching reduction of about 1/3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A B

A0A1B0B1

16

Pre-washing Type 2Hand washing without vinegar (A2 - B2)

• A0 639 gr/Litre• A2 618 gr/Litre• B0 198 gr/Litre• B2 192 gr/Litre

There is no reduction in Lead leaching

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A B

A0A2B0B2

17

Pre-washing Type 3Dishwashing with vinegar (A3 - B3)

• A0 639 gr/Litre• A3 98 gr/Litre• B0 198 gr/Litre• B3 16 gr/Litre

There is a strong reduction

in Lead leaching

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A B

A0A3B0B3

18

Pre-washing Type 4Hand washing with vinegar (A4 - B4)

• A0 639 gr/Litre• A4 211 gr/Litre• B0 198 gr/Litre • B4 53 gr/Litre

There is a strong reduction in Lead leaching

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A B

A0A4B0B4

19

Summary Hand made product

• A0 639 gr/Litre • A2 618 gr/Litre• A1 412 gr/Litre = 64 % A0

• A4 211 gr/Litre = 33 % A0

• A3 98 gr/Litre = 15 % A0

Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

MODEL A

A0A2A1A4A3

20

Summary Automatic production

• B0 198 gr/Litre • B2 192 gr/Litre • B1 133 gr/Litre = 67 % B0

• B4 53 gr/Litre = 27 % B0

• B3 16 gr/Litre = 8 % B0

Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

MODEL B

B0B2B1B4B3

21

Comparison Automatic / Hand made production

• B0 198 gr/Litre • B2 192 gr/Litre • B1 133 gr/Litre = 67% B0

• B4 53 gr/Litre = 27% B0

• B3 16 gr/Litre = 8% B0

• A0 639 gr/Litre • A2 618 gr/Litre • A1 412 gr/Litre = 64% B0

• A4 211 gr/Litre = 33% B0

• A3 98 gr/Litre = 15% B00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

MODEL B MODEL A

B0

B2

B1

B4

B3

A0

A2

A1

A4

A3

22

COMMENTS

The pre-washing cycles applied to tumblers :

• are less effective than the ICF cycle, applied to Bottles, that gives excellent results

• are simple and can significantly reduce leaching at the first contact

• An acidic pre-washing is recommended for all hollowware.

23