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1 drivers from Higher to Quality Education Drivers of Change: What Can We Learn by Comparing U.S. and EU University Education? 18-19 June 2010, Warsaw,
1 drivers from Higher to Quality Education Drivers of Change:
What Can We Learn by Comparing U.S. and EU University Education?
18-19 June 2010, Warsaw, Poland A View from the Outside: The
Bologna Process with American Eyes Dr. David Dixon Fulbright
Scholar 2009/2010 Technical University Darmstadt, Germany Chemical
and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines
and Technology Rapid City, South Dakota USA
[email protected]
Slide 2
2 Background: USA Engineering Education Bologna Process:
Overview Bologna Process Compared with USA Engineering Education
Summary/Next Steps The Bologna Process Through USA Eyes
Slide 3
USA Engineering Education 3 USA system (BS 4 yrs)
Industry/Government MS: 2 years PhD: 3-5 years Admission: by State
& University & by Department Curriculum: by Department
Faculty Some State & University Accreditation: University
Degree / Program University: Various agencies i.e. SDSMT: North
Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools
Degree/Program (ChE): ABET (1925 first ChE Accd.) Applied Science
Computing Engineering Technology Education
Slide 4
Bologna Accord 1999 - Present 4 46 European Countries ~ 16
million students ~ 4000 institutions One of largest transformations
of higher education Overview: Provide framework for student
mobility Commonality and understanding of
credentials/qualifications Bologna Process Observations: Mobility /
integration of students Comparable/recognized qualifications Credit
transfer system (ECTS) Quality assurance Life-long learning Studies
abroad Clarity of degrees
Slide 5
5 What is similar:What is different: Comparing Bologna Process
with USA System Degree cycles: 3 + 2 (BS / MS)MS professional
degree at Universities (DE) and BS at Fachhochschulen vs BS (USA)
Discipline Qualification Frameworks National Qualification
Framework (over all disciplines) ECTS (Student based) Diploma
supplements Globalization of/in Education High percentage of
students study abroad Education of students
Slide 6
6 What is similar:Thoughts: Comparing Bologna Process with USA
System Degree cycles: 3 + 2 (BS / MS)Diplom-Ing. Not well
understood in USA academia and industry. BS & MS more clearly
understood.
Slide 7
European Engineer Titles 7 *Lucena, J., et.al., J. Engr. Ed.,
Oct 2008)
Slide 8
8 What is similar:Thoughts: Comparing Bologna Process with USA
System Degree cycles: 3 + 2 (BS / MS)Diplom-Ing. Not well
understood in USA academia and industry. BS & MS more clearly
understood. Discipline Qualification Frameworks In looking at ABET
National & Program specific criteria, very nice match with VDI
Verfahrenstechnik Und Chemieingenieurwese Discipline Qualification
Frameworks.
Slide 9
ABET 2000 and Engineering 9 GENERAL CRITERIA FOR BACCALAUREATE
LEVEL PROGRAMS 1.Students: performance & admission policies
2.Program Educational Objectives: 3.Student Outcomes: a)Ability to
apply knowledge (math, science, engineering) b)Ability to
design/conduct experiments and analyze/interpret data c)Ability to
design system/component/process to meet needs within constraints
d)Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams e)Ability to
identify/formulate/solve engineering problems f)Understand
professional/ethical responsibilities g)Communicate effectively
h)Understand impact of solutions (global, economic, environment,
social) i)Ability to engage in life-long learning j)Knowledge of
contemporary issues k)Ability to use techniques/skills/modern
engineering tools as engineer 4.Continuous Improvement: of program
5.Curriculum: specific areas, broad quantities, general levels
6.Faculty: number, competencies, qualifications 7.Facilities: safe,
sufficient, modern 8.Institutional Support
Slide 10
10 What is similar:Thoughts: Comparing Bologna Process with USA
System Degree cycles: 3 + 2 (BS / MS)Diplom-Ing. Not well
understood in USA academia and industry. BS & MS more clearly
understood. Discipline Qualification Frameworks In looking at ABET
National & Program specific criteria, very nice match with VDI
Verfahrenstechnik Und Chemieingenieurwese Discipline Qualification
Frameworks. USA is recognizing the need to educate our students on
global: issues, business, economy, engineering, commerce, etc.
Globalization of/in Education
Slide 11
11 Thoughts: What is different: Comparing Bologna Process with
USA System Most German engineering students at University level are
still considering the MS as the professional engineering degree.
--Contrast that with BS Engineering in USA. MS professional degree
at Universities (DE) and BS at Fachhochschulen vs BS (USA) There is
a National QF for engineering in the USA, but no overarching
National QF for USA Universities National Qualification Framework
(over all disciplines) ECTS (Student effort based) ECTS is based on
estimates of average student time spent on education. --Contrast
with USA system based on faculty contact time.
Slide 12
12 Thoughts:What is different: Comparing Bologna Process with
USA System Seems like an excellent work in progress and USA can
learn from this. This can be a challenge because of: Language
hurdles Financial issues Distances involved in travel from/to the
USA Need to encourage more US students to study abroad. Diploma
supplements High percentage of European students and other students
study abroad
Slide 13
13 For Bologna Process: For USA Engineering Educators: Next
Steps / Challenges Major undertaking / coordination Reform takes
time and effort Find the Gold Nuggets Goal: improved education for
students --- industry/economy Become more aware of Bologna Process
Learn and adapt best practices Build bridges to other global
educators Goal: improved education for students ---
industry/economy Can universities around the world strive for
compatibility without losing their unique identities?
Slide 14
14 Thank You! Every day you may make progress. Every step may
be fruitful. Yet there will stretch out before you an
ever-lengthening, ever-ascending, ever-improving path. You know you
will never get to the end of the journey. But this, so far from
discouraging, only adds to the joy and glory of the climb. Sir
Winston Churchill
Slide 15
15 Background: USA Engineering Education Bologna Process:
Overview Bologna Process Compared with USA Engineering Education
Summary/Next Steps The Bologna Process Through USA Eyes
Slide 16
16 S. Shelley, CEP, 14, Jan 2008 Initial Placement:
2006-2007
Slide 17
ABET and Chemical Engineering 17 PROGRAM CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL,
BIOCHEMICAL, BIOMOLECULAR, AND SIMILARLY NAMED ENGINEERING PROGRAMS
Lead Society: American Institute of Chemical Engineers These
program criteria apply to engineering programs that include
chemical, biochemical, biomolecular, and similar modifiers in their
titles. 1. Curriculum The program must demonstrate that graduates
have: thorough grounding in the basic sciences including chemistry,
physics, and biology appropriate to the objectives of the program;
and sufficient knowledge in the application of these basic sciences
to enable graduates to design, analyze, and control physical,
chemical, and biological processes, consistent with the program
educational objectives.
Slide 18
USA (engineers eyes): mine and AICHE (American Institute of
Chemical Engineers) (Chemical Engineering Progress): CEE (Chemical
Engineering Education): ABET (web site search): ASME (American
Society of Mechanical Engineers) (web site search): NAE (National
Academy of Engineering) (web site search): CCR (Council for
Chemical Research) (web site search): ASEE (American Society of
Engineering Education) (Journal of Engineering Education): Bologna
Process 18 USA (engineers eyes): mine and 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 web
hits
Slide 19
Todays Chemical Engineering 19 USA system (BS 4 yrs) Problem
solving Material and Energy balances Fluid / Heat / Mass Transfer
Unit Operations/separations Thermodynamics I and II Chemical
kinetics and reactor design Senior design courses and project
Microbiology Process control Global and contemporary issues Soft
skills i.e. communications 128 136 Credit hours ChE laboratory
experiences Elective ChE courses Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics
Industry/Government MS: 2 years PhD: 3-5 years BS Degree in USA:
Freshman year ~ 25% non-technical courses Equivalent technical
competencies
Slide 20
20 References: Adelman, C., The Bolgna Club: What U.S. Higher
Education Can Learn from a Decade of European Reconstruction,
Institute for Higher Education Policy, Washington, DC, (2008).
Adelman, C. The Bologna Process for U.S. Eyes: Re-learning Higher
Education in the Age of Convergence, Institute for Higher Education
Policy, Washington, DC, (2009). EU Education & Training
website: http://ec.europa.eu/education German Bologna website:
http://www.bmbf.de/en/3336.php Hanson, D.J., Gains in Chemistry
Grads Persist, C&EN, 38-48, (23 Nov 2009). Shelley, S.,
Post-Graduation Plans, CEP, 14, (Jan 2008). Lucena, J., G. Downey,
B. Jesiek, S. Elber, Competencies Beyond Countries: The
Re-Organization of Engineering Education in the United States,
Europe, and Latin America, J. Engr. Ed., 443-447, (Oct 2008).
Rhinehart, R.R., Tracking Trends in Undergraduate Enrollments, CEP,
97-99, (Nov 2008). VDI-GVC, Qualification Frames and Curricula for
Degree Courses for Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and
Miomolecular or Bioprocess Engineering at Universities and
Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Science), 2 nd ed.,
Druckerei Fuck, 56072 Koblenz, (2008).
Slide 21
21 Background Chemical Engineering Today (Process Engineering;
Chemical Engineering, or Bioprocess Engineering) USA Engineering:
programs, placement, numbers Bologna Process: USA Awareness Bologna
Process Compared with USA Summary/Next Steps The Bologna Process
Through USA Eyes
Slide 22
22 Introduction Rapid City, South Dakota
Slide 23
23 Mt. Rushmore Black Hills Other Famous Faces
Slide 24
24 Famous ChE Faces R. Clausius L. Euler H. Helmholtz G. Stokes
J. Fourier J. Liebig A. Fick J. vant Hoff * Wikipedia
Slide 25
Todays Chemical Engineering 25 * Wikipedia, Chemical
Engineering
Slide 26
26 D.J. Hanson, C&EN, 38- 48, 23 Nov 2009 R.R. Rhinehart,
CEP, 97-99, 23 Nov 2008 ~ 160 ChE departments Chemical Engineering
Graduates USA