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DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL SCALE SMALL SCALE

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKWIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

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PRESENTATION FLOWPRESENTATION FLOW

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BRIEF THEORY

DEVELOPMENT PLAN

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE

PROBLEMS

TESTING AND RESULTS

FUTURE WORK

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

WSN Theory 3

1.1. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) BRIEF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) BRIEF THEORYTHEORY

• Large number of small nodes densely deployed in a region.

• Collaborate to accomplish a common task, the data is forwarded towards a remote base station.

• Sensor Nodes: sensing, data processing, communication.

• Base Station: PC with node compatible wireless interface. Monitor and control all system activities.

• Applications: o Intruder tracking, o surveillance, o Habitat Monitoring, o Monitoring Disaster areas etc.

1.11.1 INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

WSN concept representation.

WSN Theory 4

1.21.2 WSN FEATURESWSN FEATURESWSN Theory continued...

•Self Configuration: Network formation without human intervention, both communication and positioning.

•Special Protocols: Handling large number of nodes, broadcast medium, multihop routing.

•Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery.

•Data Aggregation and Fusion: redundant data from multiple nodes can be aggregated.

Development Plan 5

2.2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN• Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application.

• Development of three sensor nodes having:

a) ultrasonic intruder detector,

b) Micro-controller

c) Wireless transceiver

• Base station establishment using Wireless interfaced PC.

• Software development for intruder trajectory mapping using node map.

System block diagram

Hardware Implementation 6

3.3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION3.13.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR NODEULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR NODE

a). Detection setup

1ms

40KHz wave

65ms

b). Sensor block diagram

c). Sensor TX wave pattern d). Sensor TX schematic

Hardware Implementation 7

e). Ultrasonic receiver amplifier. f). Ultrasonic receiver detection.

g). Ultrasonic receiver output comparator.

Ultrasonic Sensor continued...

Hardware Implementation 8

3.23.2 MICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLER

• Microcontroller Tasks:a) Interrupt Signal handling of sensor.b) Data packet formation containing node identification and

sensor information. c) Transmission of data packet serially to the base station via

wireless communication device.

•8051 microcontroller working schematic.

Hardware Implementation 9

3.33.3 WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERWIRELESS TRANSCEIVER

• RF-650 Smart Radio Module features: • Upto 250metres Range.• Low Supply Voltage 3.3V, CMOS.• Serial Data Interface.• Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK).• Manchester encoded data.• Internal CRC error detection.

• Module pin diagram.

RF-650 Radio Module

• Module antenna.

Hardware Implementation 10

• RF-650 configuration can be done by setting configuration pin low and sending a set of configuration data bytes as depicted by the following table.

Wireless Transceivers continued...

Hardware Implementation 11

Wireless Transceivers continued...

• RF-650 schematic for serial PC interface.

Hardware Implementation 12

3.43.4 FULL SENSOR NODE SCHEMATIC FULL SENSOR NODE SCHEMATIC

To next slide

Hardware Implementation 13

Full Sensor Node Schematic continued...

From previous slide

Programming and Software 14

4.4. PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE4.14.1 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING

• Microcontroller tasks description.

• Program Flow

Programming and Software 15

4.24.2 BASE STATION SOFTWARE “senTRACK” BASE STATION SOFTWARE “senTRACK”

• GUI using Visual Basic 6.

• Windows based, fully automatic, user friendly software.

• Serial Port Interface to wireless module.

• Visual mapping of intruder trajectory.

• Easy node map reconfiguration.

• Detailed summary generation.

Programming and Software 16

4.34.3 UTILITY SOFTWARE “RFPROG” UTILITY SOFTWARE “RFPROG”

• RF-650 configuration through byte pattern as given in the section 3.3 Slide 14.

• A software developed to aid in repetitive programming by providing a simple user interface.

Problems 17

5.5. PROBLEMS PROBLEMS5.15.1 Hardware Procurement Hardware Procurement

• Selection of suitable radio module.

• Wireless radio module shipment too costly.

• Level translator MAX-3232.

5.25.2 Problems in Hardware Implementation Problems in Hardware Implementation

• 8051 Microcontroller (TTL 5V) Interfacing to RF-650 (LV-CMOS 3.3V)

Interface Circuitry

• SMT soldering of MAX-3232 IC.

• Ultrasonic sensor interfacing to microcontroller.

Testing and Results 18

6.6. TESTING AND RESULTS TESTING AND RESULTS6.16.1 Simplifying Assumptions Simplifying Assumptions

• The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight.

• Broadcast medium is used for wireless communication.

• Three points are enough to map the intruder trajectory!

6.26.2 Simulate to Demonstrate Simulate to Demonstrate

• Due to interfacing problems of sensor interrupt to microcontroller.

• Simulating sensor interrupt by placing manual push button.

6.36.3 Results Results

• Ultrasonic sensor successfully tested to perform the intruder detection.

• RF-650 radio modules successfully tested to perform the wireless communication.

• Software developed for intruder trajectory mapping, system monitoring and controlling.

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7.7. FUTURE WORK FUTURE WORK 7.17.1 Standard Mote Based Implementation Standard Mote Based Implementation

• Implementation using popular mote kits.

• Crossbow's Proposed MICA2 Basic Kit features:

• 3 MICA2 Processor/Radio Boards

• 2 MTS300 Sensor Boards (Light, Temperature, Acoustic, and Sounder)

• 1 MIB510 Programming and Serial Interface Board.

• Mote-Test Software, Hardware User’s Manuals, TinyOS Guide.

• Programming in Nes-C on Linux platform.

• Price $ 795 (Rs. 50,000 approx including shipment charges)

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QUESTIONS and ANSWERS QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

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THANKS THANKS