1 Curs Biochimie

7/26/2019 1 Curs Biochimie

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BIOCHIMIE

GENERAL

A

CURS 1


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CURS 1 BIOCHIMISTECOLOG

CERCETATOR,

LIDER DE GRU

PROFESO

CONSULTANTMANAGER

LICENTIAT

MASTERAND

CIPLINA,EZENTA LA CURSURI,MUNICARE CU PROFESORII

UDIU INDIVIDUAL

UNCA IN ECHIPA

ILIBRU INTRE STUDIU,NCA, VIATA PRIVATA

RACTICA


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BIOCHIMIE GENERALA - CADRE DIDACTICE

DISCIPLINA

ACTIVITATE SECTIA GRUPE CADRU DIDACTIC

BIOCHIMIEGENERALA

Laborator

Biochimi

e3h/sapt

3

Conf. dr. er!i" Geor!esc"

Asist. dr. Andreea #"d" Asist. dr. orina #inesc"$ #r. Mir"natan

Eco%o!ie&h/'sapt

' Gr. ( ) Asist. dr. orina #inesc"$ #r.Mir"na tan Gr. ' ) Lect. dr. Mihae%a #iacon"

Biochimie 3 Lect. dr. Mihae%a #iacon"


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DISCIPLINACUR

S PERIOADA CONTINUT

BIOCHIMIEGENERALA

( ''.*')'+.*' Obiect"% Biochimiei. Compo,itiachimica a materiei -ii. Aminoaci,i.

' (.*')*.*3 0eptide.0roteine. C%asi1care siproprietati.

3 *2.*3)(3.*3 0roteine. Eemp%e.& (&.*3)'*.*3 0roteine. Eemp%e.4 '(.*3)'2.*3 G%"cide. '+.*3)*3.*& G%"cide.2 *&.*&)(*.*& Lipide.+ ((.*&)(2.*& Lipide. 5itamine.

(+.*&)'&.*& 5itamine.(* '4.*&)'+.*& 5itamine. En,ime.(( *.*4)(4.*4 En,ime.(' (.*4)''.*4 Hormoni.(3 '3.*4)'.*4 Aci,i n"c%eici.(& 3*.*4)*4.* Aci,i n"c%eici.

BIOCHIMIE GENERALA 14 CURSURI


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NR.CRT. PERIOADA EXAMINARE CURS

('+.*3)'+.*&

Eamen partia% (6 Compo,itia chimica amateriei -ii. Aminoaci,i. 0eptide. 0roteine.7%a %aborator8

'*.*4)*3.*

Eamen partia% '6 G%"cide. Lipide. 7%a%aborator8

3 esi"ne Eamen 1na%6 9oata materia de %a c"rs

NOTARE BIOCHIMIEGENERALA PONDERE NOTA

Eamen partia% (:' '4; Eamen 1na% 4*; Co%oc-i" %aborator '4;

BIOCHIMIE GENERALA - CERINTE

CERINTE OBLIGATORII LA BIOCHIMIE

GENERALA 0re,enta %a + c"rs"ri 0re,enta %a 24; din %aboratoare Co%oc-i" %aborator 7promo-at c" 48 Eamen partia% (:' 7promo-at c" 48 Eamen 1na% 7promo-at c" 48


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BIOCHIMIE GENERALA - BIBLIOGRAFIE

TOPICA BIBLIOGRAFIE

C


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BIOCHIMIE GENERALA ISTORIC

AN SAVANT DESCOPERIRE

INCEPUTUR

ILEBIOCHIMIEI

AntoineLa-oisier

t"dii despre respiratie sifermentatie

(+33 Anse%me 0aen#escoperirea primei en,ime7ami%a,a8

(+&'@"st"s -onLiebi! 9eoria chimica a metabo%ism"%"i

(+2 Ed"art B"chner

0rima demonstratie a "n"i procesbiochimic comp%e 7fermentatiaa%coo%ica8

TERMENULe%i Hoppe)


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BIOCHIMIE GENERALA DEFINITIE SI CLASIFICARE

Biochimie C%asi1care6

Biochimie str"ct"ra%a

t"dia,a str"ct"ri%e$ f"nctii%e si interactii%e6- macromo%ec"%e%or bio%o!ice 7proteine$ !%"cide$ %ipide$ -itamine$

en,ime$ aci,i n"c%eici8- mo%ec"%e%or mici 7apa$ aminoaci,i8- ioni%or- meta%e%or

Biochimie metabo%icat"dia,a cai%e metabo%ice prin care n"trientii s"nt procesati in interior"%ce%"%e%or -ii6- anabo%ism- catabo%ism

::: Materia pentr" eamen

:::

Biochimie #e1nitie6

) stiinta care st"dia,a procese%e chimice care a" %oc in or!anisme%e -ii) f"rni,ea,a ap%icatii teoretice si practice in medicina$ a!ric"%t"ra$n"tritie$ ind"strie

::


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BIOCHIMIE GENERALA COMPOZITIA CHIMICA A MATERIEI VII

ORGANIMELE 5II CON9IN6- A0A

-


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C, H, O, N 39=

MACROELEMEN9E ; concentratia in or!anism6 ce% p"tin 4* m!/! !re"tate corpora%a

E)&'&n#& 'in&(%)& 5= *P, S, C), N%, >, C%, M, Si


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MACROELEMEN9E ; concentratia in or!anism6 ce% p"tin 4* m!/! !re"tate corpora%a

E)&'&n#& 'in&(%)& 5= *P, S, C), N%, >, C%, M, Si

FOSFORUL *P #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 (*** m! 0articipa %a sinte,a ce%"%e%or fosfo%ipidice 7c"m ar 1 %ecitina8$

care transporta !rasimi%e Creste re,istenta oase%or$ in combinatie c" ca%ci"% si asi!"ra

cresterea Intra in constit"tia aci,i%or n"c%eici 7A#N si ARN8 Intra in compo,itia mie%inei A"ta f"nctia rena%a

Contrib"ie %a mentinerea constanta a ritm"%"i cardiac

SULFUL *S #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 4**)(*** m! A"ta %a refacerea tes"t"ri%or Este esentia% pentr" sanatatea par"%"i$ pie%ii si "n!hii%or

A"ta %a mentinerea ba%antei de oi!en necesara pentr" b"naf"nctionare a creier"%"i


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MACROELEMEN9E

CLOR *C) #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 24* m! Echi%ibrea,a ba%anta acido)ba,ica a san!e%"i A"ta %a e%iminarea re,id"ri%or or!anice$ contrib"ind %a b"na

f"nctionare a 1cat"%"i

SODIU *N% #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 (***)3*** ! Re!%ea,a -o%"m"% de %ichide Impre"na c" potasi"% asi!"ra permeabi%itatea membranei ce%"%are si

permite circ"%atia norma%a a t"t"ror a!enti%or indispensabi%ior!anism"%"i

Contrib"ie %a transmiterea imp"%s"%"i ner-os si m"sc"%ar Este esentia% in proces"% de crestere %a copii

POTASIU *> #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 '*** m! Mentine cantitatea necesara de apa in or!anism

Asi!"ra o !andire c%ara prin a%imentarea creier"%"i c" o!en A"ta %a e%iminarea re,id""ri%or or!anice


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MAGNEZIU *M #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 &** m! Acest minera% c" "n aport -ita% in n"meroase f"nctii metabo%ice$ este

pre,ent c" preponderenta in tes"t"% osos$ dar se !aseste si in m"schi$inima$ 1cat$ rinichi$ t"b di!esti- si p%asma

Inter-ine in metabo%ism"% !%"cide%or$ %ipide%or si proteine%or

Asi!"ra ener!ia corp"%"i Actionea,a as"pra ni-e%"%"i ecitabi%itatii ne"rom"sc"%are 7acti-ea,a

contractia m"sc"%ara si impiedica "ne%e crampe8 Actionea,a as"pra permeabi%itatii ce%"%are 7transmiterea inP""%"i

ner-os8 0articipa %a re!%area cardiaca

aci%itea,a asimi%area -itaminei C$ a ca%ci"%"i$ fosfor"%"i si potasi"%"i #e-ine "n ca%mant nat"ra% cand este "ti%i,at impre"na c" ca%ci"%Q

totodata$ din p"nct de -edere a% f"nctionarii cardio-asc"%are$ma!ne,i"% este "n anta!onist a% ca%ci"%"iQ "n eces de ca%ci"dec%ansea,a o e%iminare accent"ata de ma!ne,i" in "rina

Impiedica formarea ca%c"%i%or si ca%ci1carea -ase%or san!-ine Intareste sma%t"% dinti%or


MACROELEMEN9E


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CALCIU *C% #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 +4*)(4** m! E%ement indispensabi% str"ct"rii si re,istentei osoase$ ca%ci"% se

!aseste aproape in tota%itate 7;8 in sche%et. Rest"% ser-esteacti-itatii ce%"%e%or m"sc"%are$ ner-oase si cardiace.

aci%itea,a de,-o%tarea si protearea sistem"%"i osos$ prec"m sicoa!"%area san!e%"i Inter-ine in acti-area m"sc"%ara$ in principa% cea a miocard"%"i 0articipa %a acti-itatea en,imatica

SILICIU *Si

0articipa in formarea oase%or$ s"stine starea norma%a a pie%ii$ a -ase%orsan!"ine mari$ a tes"t"%"i con"ncti- si tim"s"%"i

In or!anism si%ici"% se mai !aseste in san!e$ m"schi$ ner-i$ "n!hii$ par$dinti$ pancreas

Ro% in pre-enirea t"%b"rari%or de somn$ aterosc%ero,ei sa" t"berc"%o,ei


MACROELEMEN9E

::


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ZINC *Zn #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 (')(4 m! Intra in constit"tia a '** en,ime si %e acti-ea,a A"ta %a reinnoirea si %a sinte,a ce%"%ara cer"ta de crestere$ sarcina$

a%aptare$ cicatri,area rani%or aci%itea,a re!%area !%icemiei si e%iberarea de ins"%ina Intareste sistem"% im"nitar datorita acti"nii sa%e antioidante 0re,er-a capacitatea de adaptare a ochi%or %a int"neric si %a %"mina in

asociatie c" -itamina A E%imina eces"% de c"pr" si e%imina cadmi"% La p%ante n ia parte %a formarea c%oro1%ei. inc"% stim"%ea,= coacerea

fr"cte%or si formarea semin?e%or.


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FIER *F& #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 (*)(+ m! Este specia%i,at$ in mare parte 7circa 2*;8$ in prod"ctia de

hemo!%obina$ s"bstanta pi!mentata care a"ta !%ob"%e%e rosii saad"ca oi!en"% in toate ce%"%e%e corp"%"i

e constit"ie s"b forma de depo,ite 73*;8 in diferite or!ane$ prec"mmad"-a spinarii$ sp%ina si 1cat

#imin"ea,a risc"% anemiei si intareste re,istenta %a bo%i.

FLUOR *F In or!anism P"or"% se !aseste in oase$ dant"ra$ san!e$ pie%e si "n!hii

Acest minera% este esentia% in timp"% proces"%"i de -indecare.


OLIGOELEMEN9E IMICROELEMEN9E


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CUPRU *C$ #o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 se preconi,ea,a ca or!anism"% are ne-oie de

aproimati- ' m! C"pr"% este "n e%ement abso%"t necesar pentr" cresterea p%ante%or si

anima%e%or Acti-ea,a respiratia tis"%ara %a p%ante si %a "ne%e anima%e si participa$

impre"na c" 1er"%$ %a formarea hemo!%obinei C"pr"% se !aseste in 1cat$ -e,ica bi%iara$ p%amani si inima @oaca ro% in formarea oase%or$ in sinte,a pi!ment"%"i pie%ii$ ochi%or$

par"%"i$ in proces"% de -indecare a rani%or$ participa in sinte,aeritrocite%or

Este important pentr" echi%ibr"% psiho)emotiona%

InP"entea,a f"nctia !%ande%or c" secretie intena

COBALT *C" Coba%t"% are ro% in hematopoe,a$ a"tand %a formarea retic"%ocite%or >i

transformarea %or in eritrocite mat"re Intensi1ca acti-itatea mai m"%tor en,ime$ cond"cand %a intensi1carea

procese%or de sinte,a a protide%or si de transformare a !rasimi%or si!%"cide%or din tes"t"ri


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MANGAN *Mn

#o,a ,i%nica recomandata6 (4)'4 m! e !aseste in 1cat$ rinichi$ pancreas$ p%amani$ !%ande%e s"prarena%e$

creier si oase


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IOD *I Iod"% se ac"m"%ea,a in cantitati mici in toate or!ane%e anima%e%or$ se

depo,itea,a in !%anda tiroida stim"%and procese%e de asimi%atie sire!%and metabo%ism"%

0articipa in formarea hormoni%or !%andei tiroide Asi!"ra o de,-o%tare psihica si 1,ica norma%a poreste re,istenta or!anism"%"i impotri-a radiatiei Necesar %a oidarea !rasimi%or si proteine%or Necesar pentr" imb"natatirea circ"%atiei san!"ine

MOLIBDEN *M"

Intr= in componenta "nor en,ime

CROM *C( 0articipa in mentinerea ni-e%"%"i norma% a% !%"co,ei in san!e 0articipa %a f"nctionarea norma%a a sistem"%"i cardio)-asc"%ar 0articipa in re!%area metabo%ism"%"i co%estero%"%"i





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Biochimia este concentrata pe st"di"% biomo%ec"%e%or7e. proteine$ !%"cide$ %ipide$ aci,i n"c%eici8

M"%te mo%ec"%e bio%o!ice s"nt /")i'&(i. 0o%imerii s"nt macromo%ec"%e mari$ constit"ite prin %e!area intre e%e a

"nor macromo%ec"%e re%ati- mici n"mite '"n"'&(i$ printr)"n procesn"mit deshidratare 7e%iminarea "nei mo%ec"%e de apa8.



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AMINOACIZI

::


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0roteina S po%imer %iniar a%cat"it din "nitati monomericen"mite aminoaci,i

Aminoaci,i / 0eptide / 0roteine

AMINOACI# 70OLI80E09I#A 0RO9EINA

monomer o%i!omer po%imer

( aa T 4* aaU 4* aa

:::

::


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Aminoaci,i Caracteristici !enera%e

Aminoacid"% 7aa8 este "n comp"s or!anic care conine & !r"pari %e!ate%a carbon 6

o !r"pare amino7NH'8 c" caracter ba,ic o !r"pare ca"bo'il7COOH8 c" caracter acid "n atom de hid"ogen 7H8

"n "adical7R8 care confera speci1citate 1ecar"i aminoacid dpd- a%str"ct"rii$ dimensi"nii$ sarcinii e%ectrice$ so%"bi%itatii in apa. R Scatena %atera%a a aminoacid"%"i.

orm"%a !enera%a6

:::

Aminoaci,ii s"nt s"bstante inco%ore$ fr"mos crista%i,ate$ maoritateaa-and !"st d"%ce.

::


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Aminoaci,i C%asi1care

In nat"ra eista T '** aminoaci,i.

La or!anisme%e -ii eista "rmatoare%e tip"ri de aminoaci,i6

L-%'in"%i8i

A'in"%i8i /("#&ii *-L-%'in"%i8i

aminoaci,i $8$%)i sa"s#%n%( 7'*86 incorporati in %ant"ri%epo%ipeptidice in "rma biosinte,ei proteice

aminoaci,i n&$8$%)i sa"(%(i 7'86 incorporati in %ant"ri%epo%ipeptidice in "rma biosinte,ei proteice sa" s"nt modi1cati d"paincorporare

aminoaci,i &(i+%#i & )% %'in"%i8ii s#%n%(6 re,"%ta in "rma

modi1cari%or posttrans%ationa%e a%e proteine%or A'in"%i8i n&/("#&ii

&(i+%#i %i -L-%'in"%i8i)"( /("#&ii

//...

-L-%'in"%i8i s%$ "';in%#ii %)& %&s#"(% &


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Aminoaci,i Caracteristici str"ct"ra%e

-aaaa proteic

gruparea NH2

la C

, , .....)aaaa neproteici!r"parea NH

'

%a C$ C$ C$ .....

-%'in"%i8i +&(s$s ...-%'in"%i8i

:::

i i i C i i i %

::


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Aminoaci,i Caracteristici str"ct"ra%eL)aminoaci,i -ers"s #)aminoaci,i Mo%ec"%e%e care pre,inta "n centr" de asimetrie 7centr" chira%8 n" se

s"prap"n c" ima!ini%e %or in o!%inda S Enantiomeri. Centr"% de asimetrie este repre,entat de "n atom de care s"nt %e!ati &

s"bstit"enti diferiti.

Mo%ec"%e%e care a" "n centr" de asimetrie pre,inta acti-itate optica7rotesc p%an"% %"minii po%ari,ate8.

Mo%ec"%e%e s"nt c%asi1cate ca detro!ire 7!r. detroSdrept8 daca rotescp%an"% %"minii po%ari,ate in sens"% ace%or de ceasornic dpd- a%obser-ator"%"i.

Mo%ec"%e%e s"nt c%asi1cate ca %e-o!ire 7!r. %e-oSstan!8 daca rotesc

p%an"% %"minii po%ari,ate in sens"% in-ers a% ace%or de ceasornic dpd- a%obser-ator"%"i.

Centr" chira%

Enantiomeri

:::

A i i i C i i i %


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i-itatea optica a "nei s"bstante se masoara c" "n instr"ment n"mit po%arimetrs"ra cantitati-a a acti-itatii optice S rotatie speci1ca VW#

'4

tatia specifica a "nei s"bstante depinde de nat"ra mo%ec"%ei si a so%-ent"%"i$ X$

VW#'4 S

7!rade8

% 7dm8 c 7!cm)38

VW#'4 S rotatie speci1ca

# S %"mina monocromatica c" X S 4+$3 nm a ben,ii # din %inia spectra%a a'4 S temperat"ra %a care se rea%i,ea,a mas"ratori%e = rotatia determinata eperimenta% %a po%arimetr"

% S dr"m"% optic parc"rs de fascic"%"% de %"mina monocromaticac S concentratia so%"tiei

A i i i C t i ti i t t %::


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L)aminoaci,i -ers"s #)aminoaci,i

- 0rin con-entie 7ischer$ (+(8$ stereoi,omerii 7:8 si 7)8 !%icera%dehidei

a" fost desemnati # si respecti- L)!%icera%dehida.- )aminoaci,ii pre,inta acti-itate optica deoarece de Cs"nt %e!ate &

!r"pe diferite de atomi- #atorita asemanarii conformatiei spatia%e a )aminoaci,i%or c" cea a

!%icerina%dehidei$ acestia a" fost den"miti )L)aminoaci,i si )#)aminoaci,i.

:::

::


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Aminoaci,i proteici

In structura proteinelor intra -L-aminoacizi (exceptie: prolina iminoacid)

!in cei 2" de aminoacizi standard# $% prezinta acti&itate optica (exceptie: glicina)

L-aa

-%%

:::


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(+* ) Identi1carea prim"%"i aminoacid6 Aspara!ina 7Asn8

(3+ ) Identi1carea "%tim"%"i din cei '* de aminoaci,i6 9reonina 79hr8

(2& ) #escoperirea e%enocisteinei 7ec89hressa C. tadtman. cience$ (2&$ (+37&('+86(4)''

'**' ) #escoperirea 0irro%i,inei 70%8rini-asan G et al. cience$ '**' cience ' 7442'86 (&4(&'.Hao B et al. cience ' 7442'86 (&'(&.


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard C%asi1care siNomenc%at"ra

1 Monoamino monocarboxilici R: grupari hidrofobe alifatice

'lanina# 'la# 'licina (licocol)# l#

Leucina# Leu# L

*alina# *al# *

Izoleucina# Ile# I

ncorporati in %ant"ri%e po%ipeptidice in "rma biosinte,ei proteiceen"miri%e aminoaci,i%or s"nt abre-iate c" simbo%"ri formate din trei %itere sa"

:::

acid aminoacetic acid )amino)propionicacid )amino i,o-a%erianicQacid ')amino 3)meti% b"tanoic

acid )amino i,ocapronicQacid ')amino &)meti% pentanoic

acid )amino )meti% pentanoic

::


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0 Monoamino monocarboxilici R: grupari heterociclice

+rolina# +ro# +

,riptoan# ,rp# .


Aminoacid aromatic

:::

Iminoacid

Histidina# His# H

0

acid )amino )indo%i% propioni)amino )imida,o%i% propionicacid piro%idin)')carboi%ic

::


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5 Monoamino monocarboxilici R: grupari aromatice

,riptoan# ,rp# .


/enilalanina# +0e# /

:::

,irozina# ,r# 1

acid )amino )feni% propionic acid )amino )indo%i% propioacid )amino 7para hidroi feni%8 propanoicQpara hidroifeni% a%anina

A i i i ti i 0 i t ti t %::


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Aminoaci,i aromatici 0roprietati spectra%e

- Aminoaci,ii n" absorb %"mina in spectr"% -i,ibi%.- Aminoaci,ii absorb %"mina in spectr"%

"%tra-io%et indepartat.- Le!at"ra petidica are "n ma de absorbtie %a

U ''* nm.- Aminoaci,ii aromatici 7triptofan$ tiro,ina si in

mai mica mas"ra feni%a%anina8 absorb %"mina in

spectr"% "%tra-io%et apropiat.- Aminoaci,ii aromatici a" "n ma de absorbtie a

%"minii "%tra-io%ete %a '+* nm.- Le!ea Lambert)Beer6 Absorbanta %a o an"mita

%"n!ime de "nda este direct proportiona%a c"concentratia so%"t"%"i care absoarbe %"mina

-

Absorbanta


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#eterminarea spectrofotometrica a concentratiei"nei proteine

::


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4 Monoamino monocarboxilici R: gruparea hidroxil (Hidroxiaminoacizi)

erina# er#

,irozina# ,r# 1

,reonina# ,0r# ,

Aminoacid aromatic

:::

acid )amino )hidroi propionicacid )amino )hidroi b"tiricacid )amino 7para hidroi feni%8 propanpara hidroifeni% a%anina

A i i i i i d d C% i1 i::


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Cisteina# Cs# C

Aminoaci,i proteici standad C%asi1care siNomenc%at"ra

6

3etionina# 3et# 3

Monoamino monocarboxilici R: contine Sulf (Tioaminoacizi)

:

acid )amino))meti% b"tiric acid )amino )tio propionic

Aminoaci,i 0roprietati::


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Aminoaci,i ) 0roprietati

Cisteina este oidata %a Cis#in%7dimer in care do"a mo%ec"%e deCisteina s"nt "nite printr)o %e!at"ra co-a%enta n"mita /$n#&is$)?$(i% ))) 8

:

Aminoaci,i ) 0roprietati::


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Aminoaci,i 0roprietati

Cisteina# Cs# C

3etionina# 3et# 3

Z

: Intre doua Cs din structura unei proteine se pot orma punti

disulurice

+untile disulurice au rol de sta4ilizare a structurii proteice

+untile disulurice pot i:

- intracatenare(intre Cs de pe aceeasi catena polipeptidica)- intercatenare(intre Cs de pe doua catene polipeptidice dierite)

3etionina nu ormeaza punti disulurice

n!ulina:

+eptida de 5$ aa# ce

prezinta 2 punti

disulurice

intercatenare si o

punte disuluricaintracatenara


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ormarea p"nti%or dis"%f"rice ) i%m

Aminoaci,i proteici standard C%asi1care si::


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard C%asi1care siNomenc%at"ra9 Monoamino dicarboxilici R: contine o grpare "##H

'cid aspartic# 'sp# !

'cid glutamic# lu# 6

Monoamide ale acizilor monoamino-dicarboxilici R: contine ogrupare amidica

'sparagina# 'sn# N

lutamina# ln# 7

:

amida acid"%"i )amino s"ccinicQAcid ')Amino)3)carbamoi% ro anoic

amida acid"%"i )amino !%"taricQacid ')amino)&)carbamoi%b"tanoic

acid"%"i )amino s"ccinic acid"%"i )amino !%"taric

A i i i t i i t d d C% i1 i::


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7 $iamino monocarboxilici R: contine o grupare %H&

Lizina# Ls# 8

3 'cizi guanidinomonoamino monocarboxilici

R: gruparea guanidil

'rginina# 'rg# 9

:

acid$ )diamino capronic acid )amino )!"anidino pentanoic

A i i i t i i t d d C% i1 i::


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A'in"%i8i $ R N&/")%( @ Hi("?"; @ Ins")$;i) in%/% )% /H 8i")"i @

O(i&n#%(&% in '%("'")&$)&)& /("#&i& s/(&in#&(i"($)s#($#$(ii

A'in"%i8i $ R P")%( @ Hi(") @ S")$;i) in %/% )%/H 8i")"i @

O(i&n#%(&% in '%("'")&$)&)& /("#&i& s/(&

&


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o%"bi%itatea radica%"%"i R


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard C%asi1care si:::


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard6 esentia%i si:::


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard6 esentia%i sineesentia%i

1

n" pot 1 prod"si inor!anism

treb"ie f"rni,ati prina%imentatie

0

pot 1 sinteti,ati in or!anism esentia% %a s"!ar si neesentia% %a ad"%t6 His

7His8 semiesentia%i6 Cisteina 7Cs8$ 9iro,ina 79r8

neesentia%i6I8")&$in%*I)&L&$in%*L&$Li8in% *LsMi"nin%*MF&ni)%)%nin%*P!&T(&"nin%*T!(T(i/#"?%n$)

G%icina 7G%8$A%anina 7A%a8Aspara!ina7Asn8G%"tamina7G%n8Acid aspartic7Asp8Acid !%"tamic7G%"8Ar!inina7Ar!80ro%ina

Es&n#i%)i *7N&s&n#i%)i *10

:

A i i i ti %i R %


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Aminoaci,i esentia%i ) Ro%

AA

ESENTIAL

ROL

I,o%e"cina ) Intra in componenta proteine%or or!anism"%"i) Lipsa i,o%e"cinei in ratia a%imentara pro-oaca echi%ibr"a,otat ne!ati-

Le"cina ) Contrib"ie %a norma%i,area bi%ant"%"i de a,ot$ ametabo%ism"%"i proteic si !%"cidic

Li,ina ) Intra in componenta triptofan"%"i si metioninei.) Ins"1cienta de %i,ina in dieta are dreptconsecinta dere!%area circ"%atiei san!"ine$ micsorarean"mar"%"i de eritrocite in san!e si a contin"t"%"i dehemo!%obina$ pro-oaca obosea%a m"schi%or$ dere!%ari in

ca%ci1carea oase%or$ cefa%ee$ -erti"ri$ !reata$ -oma$anemie

eni%a%anina

- 0articipa %a norma%i,area f"nctiei !%andei tiroide si as"prarena%e%or

Metionina ) Norma%i,ea,a metabo%ism"% %ipide%or si a% fosfo%ipide%or in

1cat) e recomanda %a pro1%aia si tratarea aterosc%ero,ei.

A i i i ti %i R %


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Aminoaci,i esentia%i ) Ro%

AAESENTIAL

ROL

9reonina ) In %ipsa ei se micsorea,a masa corp"%"i si se incetinestecresterea

9riptofan"% ) 0articipa %a sinte,a a%b"minei si !%ob"%inei$ serotoninei si

mentinerea echi%ibr"%"i a,otat$ %a sinte,a proteine%orserice si a hemo!%obinei$ a acid"%"i nicotinic) @oaca "n ro% important in pro1%aia pe%a!rei

5a%ina ) Ins"1cienta ei in a%imentatie pro-oaca scadereacons"m"%"i de hrana si dere!%ari de coordonare amiscari%or

Histidina ) 0articipa %a sinte,a hemo!%obinei) #ecarboi%area histidinei contrib"ie %a formareahistaminei$ care di%ata -ase%e$ mareste permeabi%itateapereti%or %or

Aminoaci,i proteici standard esentia%i si:::


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Aminoaci,i proteici standard6 esentia%i sineesentia%i

"rse%e de aminoaci,i

esentia%is"nt proteine%e dina%imentatie.

A%imente%e care contin /("#&in& in"'/)& 7in care %ipsesc "n"% sa"mai m"%ti aminoaci,i esentia%i86

cerea%e%e$ ore,"%$ spa!hete%e$ painea$ faso%ea$ brocco%i$ carto1i siarahide%eAceste a%imente n" asi!"ra "n aport adec-at de aminoaci,i si oriceproteina fara "n"% din aminoaci,ii esentia%i are o -a%oare bio%o!ica red"sa.

A%imente care contin /("#&in& "'/)& 7contin aminoaci,ii esentia%i86o"a%e$ peste%e$ carnea de !aina$ c"rcan$ rata$ -ita$ oaie si porc$ bran,a$%apte%e$ ia"rt"% si soia

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