Skeletal & Muscular Systems test review

1. The bones in the skeletal system are made of what 3 components? What do each contain?

1. Compact Bone

2. Spongy Bone

3. Bone Marrow

2. What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

1. Support and Protection

2. Produce blood cells

3. Movement

4. Store calcium and Phoshorus

3. How many bones are in the human body?

206 Bones

4. What is the difference between involuntary and voluntary?

Involuntary muscles work automatically. You don’t have control over these muscles.

Voluntary muscles are the ones that we have control over. You have to think about making these muscles work.

5. Describe the difference between the 3 different types of muscles.Skeletal Muscles are voluntary muscles

that are attached to our bones. They give us shape and allow us to move and control our skeletal system.

Cardiac Muscles are only found in our heart. They are an involuntary muscle that we have no control over.

Smooth Muscles are also an involuntary muscle that we have no control over. They are mainly found in the digestive system and the circulatory system.

6. How do muscles work together to create movement?Skeletal muscles work in pairs to

create movement. When you want to move part of your body, one group of muscles must contract pulling that part of your body in the direction you want while the other group of muscles relaxes. When you want to move the opposite direction the relaxed muscle group contracts and the other group relaxes.

7. What are the four different types of joints, where are examples found in the body, and how do they move in the body?Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips

Allows arms and hips to move in any direction

Can move in a full 360 degrees

Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow.

Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other

Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles.

Slide against each other in a gliding motion

Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom

Hinged: Elbows & Knees.

Move like hinges on a doorLimited movementCan only swing back and forth

8. Which joint has the largest range of motion?

Ball & Socket: Allows arms and hips to move in any direction. Can move in a full 360 degrees.

9. How does structure relate to function?Structure is the way in which something

made or put together. Function is the job or purpose that

something performs.

If something is going to work properly, the way it is made must help it to do the job it was designed for.

10. What are the 2 main minerals that are stored in the bones?

Calcium and Phosphorus

11. What is cartilage? At what developmental age is your body mostly made of cartilage?Cartilage is the smooth covering over the

ends of bones in a joint. A newborn babies skeleton is very flexible due to the large amount of cartilage that it contains. As we age the amount of cartilage in our body decreases.