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1
CHEETAH – a high speed optical network
Xiuduan Fang, Tao Li, Mark Eric McGinley, Xiangfei
Zhu, and Malathi Veeraraghavan
2
How does today's Internet work?
Abilene: Backbone network of Internet 2Internet2: Universities + Research LaboratoriesFrom http://abilene.internet2.edu/maps-lists/
• Regular mail: Letters are sent in envelopes and routed from post-office to post-office, with each post-office examining the address on the envelope to determine the next post-office to which the letter should be forwarded
• Internet: Your email messages, for example, are broken up into small packets. Each packet carries the destination address in a header. Each router extracts the address from the header, and determines the next-hop router to which to forward the packet.
3
What does a router look like?
Example: A Cisco GSR 12008 router
Header
Part of a user message
A typical packet
Header contains source and destination addresses
4
Internet's bandwidth sharing mechanism
Today's Internet operates in a reservationless mode A computer is not required to reserve bandwidth
before sending packets from an application, such as email
Consequence: congestion can result if many users' simultaneously send emails or access the web.
Packets can be delayed excessively, or even dropped by routers!
Analogy: The roadways network; convenient, efficient usage, but a driver could be held up in traffic jams
Second delay >> First delayPacket 3 was dropped becauseof other users' packets competingfor "road space"
4321
421
Sender
Receiver
t
t
First delay
Second delay
5
A new bandwidth-sharing mechanism
Reservation-oriented bandwidth sharing User application signals its required data rate to the
network The network reserves this rate, if available, on each link
of the end-to-end path Consequence: If a user request is admitted, service
quality is excellent; no unpredictable delays or losses Analogy: Airline travel; a user reserves a seat on each
flight of a multi-flight trip before starting the trip We are building high-speed optical networks
using this mode of bandwidth-sharing
6
Building block: reservation-capable switches
Example Cisco 15454
7
CHEETAH: Circuit-switched High-speed End-to-End Transport
Architecture CHEETAH
Sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE);
Built to support scientific research projects, such as the Terascale Supernova Initiative (TSI)
TSI Sponsored by the DOE Study the explosion mechanism of supernovae
rare in our galaxy need computer simulations to understand this mechanism
Enabling technology: TeraScale computing resources
8
Example: The Crab Nebula, remnant of SN 1054 supernova
The picture: one of the largest ever image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1054
• Core collapse supernovae: the most energetic explosions in the Universe
• Scientists need to study explosion mechanism and understand observables
• Technology used: Large-scale, multi-dimensional computer simulations conducted by supercomputers
• Simulation generates huge amount of data at terabyte (1012) scale or even larger, which needs to be further processed by scientists’ computers
9
Problem: How to move simulation data
Picture obtained from http://www.science.doe.gov/National_Laboratories/index.htm
Cray XT3Supercomputer
Scientist
Move data through Internet?
10
Orbitty Cluster
1GOC192 OC192 GbE
1-8-331-8-34
1-8-35
1-8-36
1-6-1
1-6-171-8-37
MCNCCatalyst
6500
1G
1-7-1
1G
1G1G
1G
Wukong 152.48.249.102
1-8-381-7-17
cheetah-nc
3x1G VLAN
OC192
1-6-1
1-6-17
10GbE
1-7-1
GbE
1-7-33
1-7-34
1-7-35
1-7-36
1-7-37
1-7-38
1-7-39
1GZelda1 10.0.0.11
H
H
H1G
1GZelda2 10.0.0.12
Zelda3 10.0.0.13
1G
1G
Zelda4 10.0.0.14
H
H
Zelda5 10.0.0.15
1G1G
Cheetah-atl
OC-192 lamda
10GbEGbE
1-7-33
1-7-34
1-7-35
1-7-36
Cheetah-ornl
1-7-1 1-8-1
OC192
UCNS1GFC1G
1G
JuniperT320
JuniperT320
1G
1G
Force10E300
switch
Oak Ridge National Lab
Atlanta
NCSU
Direct fibers
VLANs
MPLS tunnels
Wuneng 152.48.249.1031-8-39
H
UVa Catalyst
4948WASHHOPI
Force10
WASHAbileneT640
NCSUM20
2x1G MPLS tunnels
CUNYFoundry
NYCHOPI
Force10
1G
1GMvstu6 152.48.249.106
H
H
1G
UVa
CUNY
Application of CHEETAH Network
OC-192 lamda
HCentuarFastIron
FESX448
H
Raleigh
cuny-h1 134.74.17.112
H
1G
cuny-h2 134.74.17.113
Prof. John Blondin
Internet
1. Reserve bandwidth
2. Move the terabyte sized files
11
Demo introduction Data being moved from Cray to Orbitty
are large files For visual effects, we use video instead
to illustrate the benefits of reservation-oriented networks
Two scenarios Small data rate with interfering traffic
Emulates popular webcam experience Higher data rates without interfering traffic
Much better video quality
12
Demo Setup
Interfering trafficEmulates congested Internet path
Router #2(Cisco GSR)
Router #1(Cisco GSR)
100Mbps Ethernet interface card
OC-3 interface card
Emulates dedicated CHEETAH circuit
SONY SNC-RZ30NNetwork camera
192.168.2.111
192.168.3.2
192.168.2.3100MbpsEthernetswitch
192.168.2.1192.168.3.1192.168.10.1192.168.10.2
Cisco 15454MSPP