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1
Characteristic Of
Animals
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No Cell Walls
Most are Motile
Eukaryotic
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Animals are grouped according to the presence or absence of a backbone.
Animals with
backbones are called
vertebrates while
animals without
backbones are called
invertebrates.
3
What must animal do in order to survive?
• Feeding- Energy• Respiration- Exchange gases• Circulation- move materials around
the body• Excretion- get rid of waste• Response- react to external stimuli.• Movement- Move from place to place.• Reproduction- create new organisms.
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SymmetrySymmetry is the
arrangement of body parts
around a central point or line.
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Phyla of invertebrates include
1.Porifera2.Cnidarian 3.Flatworms4.Roundworms 5.Segmented worms 6.Mollusks7.Arthropods8.Echinoderms
in order of
increasing complexity
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8
•Simple, multi-cellular
animals
•No nervous system but some
do react to stimuli by
producing toxins.
•Live attached to hard surface
- sessile
•Asymmetry
•Filter Feeders
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Ecology
•Habitat for marine animals
•Symbiotic relationships with
green algae & bacteria.
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•Corals, Jellyfish, sea anemones,
hydrasHave nerve cells-nerve net- that can sense the
environment.
Immobilize and kill prey with stinging cells on tentacles
Can detect light through structures called ocelli.Body PlanRadial SymmetryHave tissues
Polyp
Medusa
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Ecology:
•Coral Reefs-
Symbiosi
s with
algae•Calcium
Carbonat
e
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FLAT WORMS
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Flatworms, liver flukes,
tapeworms
Usually parasitic
can be free living and
carnivores
Can be aquatic or
terrestrial
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•Soft, Flattened•Have tissues and internal organs•Have a simple nervous system.•Bilaterally symmetrical •Gas exchange through skin.
Body structure
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Cool Fact! They can regenerate missing parts and even grow a new planaria from a piece of one!
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ROUND WORMS
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Roundworms, hookworms
free-living and parasitic
aquatic and terrestrial
Digestive system with two openings
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Body•Unsegmented•Digestive system with two openings•Exchange gases through body walls-through diffusion
Movement:Contracting muscles
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not for the
squeamish
Diseases caused by roundworms:Trichinosis
•In humans, can be contracted by eating infected pork.•5% of cases are fatal
Ascarid Worm:•Matures in the intestines of the host•Eating vegetables that are not washed
Hookworms•Soil•Walking barefoot•anemia, malnutrition, and in children causes under-development22
SEGMENTED WORMS
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Segmented, Bilateral symmetryTwo way gut -Feed by sucking in soil and decaying matterClosed system-blood vesselsEx: Earthworms, leeches
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Ecology:•Recycling in nature•Diet of many birds
•Diet of fish
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Latin mollus: “soft”Examples: snails, slugs, clams, squids,
and octopi.2nd Largest animal phylum on Earth
• Almost all habitats• Soft-bodied animals, usually with a
hard external shell. • Some have lost the shell completely.
• Have internal organs• Shells are made of calcium
carbonate
28
Feeding:Can be
herbivores, carnivores,
filter feeders,
detritivores, or parasites.
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Spiders, insects, centipedes, scorpions, shrimp, crabs, lobsters,
butterflies
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Major Characteristics:•Segmented bodies covered in an
exoskeleton of chitinchitin (Carbohydrate).
•Jointed appendages•Legs, antennae
•Three segments: •Head, Thorax, Abdomen
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ExoskeletonExoskeletonProtectionHelps prevent water lossProvides framework for muscle attachmentDoes not grow. When the organism outgrows it, it molts.
•MetamorphosisMetamorphosis (Insects)Adult stage and larval stage do not compete for food.•Feeding:Feeding: Can be herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. 33
Reproduction•Internal fertilization land
or external Aquatic
Circulation•Open
circulatory system• Well
developed heart with
arteries and vessels
34.1
Response•Well
developed nervous
system with brain
•Sensitive organs such as eyes and
taste receptors Clip
34.2
Arthropod Diversity!!
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35
Insects
and
Humans
DOWNSDOWNS•Termites
destroy wood•Moths eat
cloth•Locusts
destroy crops•Cotton Boll
Weevils•Mosquitoes and diseases
UPSUPS•Bees,
butterflies, etc., pollinate crops•Some produce silk, wax, honey
•Food
36 Termites
Insects and communication
Sounds- chirps, buzzLight- Male fireflies
Chemicals- Pheromones (mate, danger, or alert)
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Insect SocietiesInsect Societies•Complex group that works together for the good of the colony.•Different roles are preformed by groups called castes.•Each castes has a different body form to carry out their specific task.•Very sophisticated communication.
•Bees Dance!•Ants leave pheromone trails.
Carpenter ant castes, from left to right: queen, winged male, major
worker, minor worker
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37
“Spiny Skin” ~7,000 species
Sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins
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All are aquatic-marineSpiny skinInternal SkeletonMove with tube feet
“suction cup”Sand dollars and sea urchins have moveable spines.
Major Characteristics
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Feeding:•Various methodsSea Star:
Pushes stomach out through its mouth (which is on the underside) into a clam and then digests.
Can regenerate missing parts
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•Ecology:•Major food sourcefood source for other marine
animals•Carnivorous echinoderms help control control
populationspopulations of clams•“Crown of Thorns” sea star destroys destroys
coralcoral reef systems.
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41
Review of th
e Invertebrat
es Clip