UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGIP ETRONAS

FINAL EXAMINATIONSEPTEMBER 2012 SEM ESTER

COURSE : CCB1064 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMTCAL ENGTNEERTNG

DATE : 2'd JANUARY 2013 (WEDNESDAY)

TIME : 9.00 AM - 12.00 NOON (3 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer ALL questions from the Questions Booklet.

2. Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer Booklet.

3. lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.

4. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and indicate

ALL assumptions.

5. Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

6. Engineering Data and Formulae Booklet is provided.

Note : There are TWENry FOUR (24) pages in this Question Booklet including the

cover page and Appendices.

Universiti Teknologi eETRONAS

1

ccB 1064

FIGURE Ql shows a continuous distillation column, which separates1000 kg/h mixture of 60 wt% benzene and the remaining toluene. The product

stream, D, recovered from the condenser at the top of the column contains 97wt% benzene, and the bottom stream, w, ,from the column contains 9s wt%

toluene. The vapor stream entering the condenser from the top of the columnis 4000 kg/hr. A portion of the product from the condenser is returned to thecolumn as reflux, ll, and the rest is withdrawn in /). The physical properties forbenzene and toluene are given in TABLE e1.

4,000 kg/h

D97 wl%Benzene

W95 wt% Toluene

FIGURE Q1: Schematic diagram of distillation column

Condenser

DistillationColumn

TABLE Ql: Physical properties of benzene añd toluene.

Component

Molecular

Weight Boiling Point SG

Benzene 78.11 80.10"c 0.879

Toluene 92.13 110.620C 0.866

ccts 1064

Determine:

a. The degree of freedom (DoF) analysis for FIGURE e1.

[3 marks]

b. The density of the feed and outlet streams.

c. The flowrates in kg/h of distillate and bottom product.

[6 marks]

d. The reflux ratio.

[3 marks]

e. The efficiency of the distillation column with respect to the recovery of

benzene.

[2 marks]

'f . The quality of product streams, D and w, if the temperature of the

column is 100oC. Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

2.

CCB 1064

An engineer is evaluating the performance of a gas district cooling boiler plant.

The feed fuel, F (kg/h), to the boiler consists of mainly g5 mol% methane(cH¿) and the rernaining is propane (czHo). TABLE e2 shows the orsatanalysis of the exhaust gas from the boiler.

TABLE Q2: Orsat analysis of the exhaust gas.

Component Mol %

Oz 7.57

N2 84.82

Coz 7.50

CO 011

Given the atomic weight of C=12, H=i, O=16 arrd N=14,

a' Draw the flowchart of the process by indicating all the process streams

for the input and output. corrstruct and show all the possible

stoichiometric equations for the boiler.

[5 marl<s]

b' By making a suitable basis of caiculation for the exhaust gas, calculate

the percentage of excess air used in the combustion. Check the data

analysis consistency and justify your answer.

[8 marks]

Determine the mass flow rate, F (kg/h), of the fuel stream.

[2 marl<s]

composition

[5 marks]

d Determine the actual water produced in moles and the

expressed as wet analysis of the stacl< gas.

4

a

ccB'1064

A liquid mixture of 28 mol% ¡z-hexane in n-octane is fed into a flash

drum at 120"C and 2 atm.

i. Draw the process flowdiagram and neafly label it.

[3 marks]

isothermal flash drum to

[5 marks]

ii. Develop the model equations for the

calculate the ratio of vapor to feed.

Using Antoine equation, determine

compositions at equilibrium.

iii. The Antoine Equation is given as:

tn"(p*)= A-=7- +C

where ,lI, B, c are Antoine constants, r is temperature (K), and p*is the vapour pressure (rnmHg).The Antoine constants are given

in TABLE Q3.

TABLE Q3. Antoine constants

Component A Il C

n-hexane (C6) 15.8737 2697.55 -48.784

n-octane (C6) 15.9798 -63.633

the vapor and liquid

[6 marks]

b.

ccB 1064

A steel container has a volume of 200 ms. lt is filled with nitrogen at22"c and atmospheric pressure. The container valve is now openedand the container is heated to 200'C. combine the two conditionsabove and calculate the fraction of ilre nitrogen which Jeaves thecontainer.

6

4.

CCB 1064

a. Humid air at 38oC with relative humidity of 49% is heated in a closed

furnace to 55oC. The pressure in the furnace remains close enough to1 atm for the psychrometric chart to be used. Use the psychrometric

chart provided in APPENDIX C to solve the following.

Note:Attach the Psychrometric Chart with your readings marked to the

Answer Script.

i. Determine the wet bulb temperature and enthalpy at saturation

for the inlet air at the start"

[3 rnarks]

ii, Calculate the absolute humidity for the inlet air .

[3 marks]

iii. Explain the conditions of this process and find the amount of heat

added per unit volume of moist air.

[4 marks]

A process heater uses steam as the heating nredium to heat a

process fluid. steam cools down from 338 oc and 6.3 bar to 24goc and

3.5 bar. Using the steam tables in AppENDlx B, calculate and explain

the enthalpy change in steam in kJ/kg.

[4 marks]

An amount of 40 kg of water at27oc and 200 kpa is heated at constant

pressure until the volume becomes 1000 times the original value.

Analyze the process and phase changes arìd explain your method ofcalculation of final temperature.

b.

c.

[6 marks]

5. Hydrochloric acid is produced by absorbing gaseous HCI(g)

spray of liquid water at 25oC. The hydrochloric acid product

20 wt% acid at 400C.

a. Draw a neat flowdiagram of the process arong with all labels.

[3 marks]

b. Analyze all the forms of associated enthalpy components and derive the

material and energy balance equations.

[6 marks]

c. Use data from APPENDIX B to calculate and tabulate the enthalpies ofall strearns

[6 marks]

d. Use data from APPENDIX B to calculate the overall energy change in

the system. Analyze whether heat must be transferred to or removed

from the absorber unit.

[5 marks]

- END OF PAPER _

I

TABLE A1. The Gas Constant

Table 8.1 Selected Physical Property Dataa

Compound FormulaSG

Mol. Wt. (20"14")Â.r?.17.¡".;

7^("C)' kJ/molÀiÎ,(ro¡"r

Ta(C)¿ kJimol r"(K)/ P.(atm)e(aiif'),"'i (,]¡/.)tikJ/mol kJ/mol

AcetaìdehydeAcetic acid

Acetone

AcetvleneAmmonia

Ammoniunlhydroxide

,\mmoniumnitrale

Ammoniumsulfate

AnilineBenzaldehyde

Benze¡',e

Benzoic acici

Benzyl alcoholBromine1,2-Butadiene1,3-Butadienen-Butane

Isobulane

1-ButeneCalciumcarbide

Calciumcarbonate

Calciumchlo¡ide

cH3cHocHscooH

C¡TT¡O

CzHzNH¡

NH4OH

NII4NOI

(NH4)rS04

CeHrN

QilsCHO

QHe

CrHe Oz

CrHtOBrzC¿H¡CrlI¡C¡Hro

C.rHro

c¡lilsCaCr

CaCO¡

CaCl2

44,05 0.7831s

60.05 1.049

58.08 0.?91

26.M17.03

35.03

80.05 1.725?5'

132.t4 1.769

93..t2 t.t¿z106.12 1.046

78.r1 0.&79

122.12 1.26615"

108.13 1.045

159.83 3.1r954.09

5,t.09

5&12

s8.12

56.1064.i0 2.?218"

100.09 2'o3

110.99 2.152t5'

20.212.09 118.2

5.69 s6.0

- 81..5

5.6.53 -33.43

r84.2t19.0

9.837 80.10

-166.2(s)-486.i80)-a3s.15(-q)-248.2(r)-2t6.7(e)+226.75(g).

-67.20(r)-a6.1e(g)

-366-48(aq)

-36,i.1a(c)-399.36(aq)

- 1179.3(c)

- 1173.1(aq)

-s.8.83(l)-a0.0a(e)+48.660)+82.93(g)

0(l)

-147.00)-124.7(e)-ìs8.4(r)- 1 3a.s(g)

+1.17(g)

-62;r6@)

- 1206.9(cl

-79a.e6(c)

-ll92.a(g)-871.6e(r)-ele.73(g)

-178r.70)-1821.a(g)-tzee.6(sj

-3s2.-5s(g)

-123.7t6.6

-95.0

-'n.8

1.69.6

513

-6.3-26.0

5.-53

722.2

- 15..1

-7.4- 136.5

- 109.1

- 138.3

-159.6

-185.32300

25.L 461.024.39 594.8 57.L

)0.2 508.0 4'1.0

t7.6 309.5 61.6

23.35:1. 405.5 111.3

54 Decomooses at 210"C

Decomposes at 513'Cafter melting

699

38.40

30.76-5 562.6

Ao

?49.8

?05.?

10.8 58.6

10. I-4.6

4.661 -0,6

4.540 -17.73

-1-8480 -6.25

-3s20.00)

-3267.6(r)-3301.s(g)-3226.7(g)-3741.81r)

-2855,6(r)-2"q28.5(c)-284e.0(r)-2868.s(g)-271s.6(g)

5?,4

48.ó

31.0 -584 IO2416425 42.7

22.305 425.17 37.47

2t.292 408.1 36.0

2t.916 419.6 39.7

ItT]rI]X=efXOIDR

Decomposes at 825'C

2e37 >1600782

Calciumhydroxide

Calcium oxideCalciumphosphate

Calciumsilicate

Calciumsulfate

Caiciumsulfate(gypsum)

Carbon(graphite)

Carbondioxide

Carbondisulfide

Carbon

ì monoxideCarbontetrachìt¡¡ide

Chiorine

Ca(oH)2

CaOCa3(POa)2

CâSiO3

CaSO4

CaSO¡.2HzO

c

COz

74.t0 2.24

56.08 3.32310.19 3.t4

116.17 zsts

136.15 2.96

772;18 2.32

12.010 2.26

44.0L

76.L4 7.261ê.i2r

28.01

153:84 1.595

74.97rt2.s6 1.107See ethyl chlo¡ide

48.62

(-1.5 H?O at 128'C)

(-HzO at 580'C)

2850

4200

(Sublimes at -78'C)

46.25

-104.2

204-?6.5

-986.59(c)

-635.6(c)-a138(c)

-15*!4(c)

-ß32.7(c)-Hs0.4(aq)-2a21@).

o(")

_412.-o(t)

-3e3.s(e)+87:9Q)

+11s.,a(g)

-110.s2(g)

-13eq¡)-106.7(9)

o(e)

-3e3.s1(c)

-107s4Ð1102.6(g)

-282.ee(g)

-3r2.2(l\-s8sc(s)

zsi0L670

r530

3600

-56.6at 5.2 atm

-tL2.l

-205.i

-22.9

-101.00-45

50

46.0

8.33

4.39

72.9

78.0

34.5

45.0

CSr

CO

ccl+

ClzChiorobenzene CoHsCIChloroethane C2HsCl

417.0 76.r632.4 44.6

"Adapted in part from D' M' Himmelblau, B¿sic Principles and Calaidtions in Chemica! Engineeríng,3rd Editior¡, @1974, Tables Ð.1 a¡d F.1. Adâpted by. permissþn ofPrentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.tMelting point àt I atm.

"He.tt of fusion â1 1- and I atm.

'/Boiliog point at I atrn.

'Heat of vaporization at 7s and 1 atm./C¡ìtical temperature.eCriticaI pressure.¡Haat of formation a.t 25'C and I atm.rHeat of combustion at 25oC and I atm. Standard states of products ar.e COr(g); ¡f1O(l); SOr(g): Ir"C(aq), and N2(g). To calculate ÄJt pi1.h il¡O(g) as a pro<luct, add44.01a* to tbe tabulatecl value, where n* : moles H2O formed;/mole fuel burr,ed.iTo convert Å,9 t0 kcal/mol, clivide given vaiue by 4.184; to convert to Btu/lb-mole, rnultipl-v by 430.?3.

(conrinued)

c)o@

oo)À

Table 8"1 (Ccntinued)

CompoundSG

Formula Mol. Wt. (2ù14")ÀÉ.(T,,,)",j

7,("C)ó kJ/mol T¡fC), 1"(K)i P.(atm),Àr?"(ro¡*;

kJimol(ÂÉr'¡t''rkJ/mol

(Åt?.';i;kJ/mol

ChloroformCopperCupricsulfate

Cyclohexane

Cyclopentane

n-Decane

Diethyl etherEthaneEthvl acetate

Erhyl alcohcl(Ethanol)

Ethyl benzene

Ethyl broinideEthyl chloride3-Ethyt

hexaneEthyleneEthyleneglycol

Ferric oxideFerrous oxideFerrous

sulñdeFormaldehvdeFormic acid

GiycerolHeliun¡

CsHrr

CsHro

CroHe¡

(QHsÞoC,FIóC¿HsOz

C2H5OH

CaH:o

CzHçBrC2H5CICsHrr

CzH+czllooz

FezO¡FeOFeS

H2COCHzQ

C3Hs03He

119.39 1.489

63.54 8.92

159.61 3.60615',

84.16 0.i79

70.13 0.745

t42.?8 0.730

74.12 0.?0925'

30.0788.10 0.901

46.47 0.789

106.16 0.867

108.98 1.460

64.s2 0.90315'

114.22 o.iLi

28.0562.0i 1.113re"

159.70 5.1271.85 5.78i.92 4.84

- 131.8(r)

o(c)

-76e.s(c)-8a3,1(aq)-rs6.2(l)

123.1(g)

- 10s.9(r)

-7i.2(s)-24e.7(1)

-272.8(r)-sa.67(g)

-463.2(t)-a26.8(g)-n7.63(t)-23s.31(g)-12.46(t>+29.79(s)

-s+.a(g)- 105.0(g)

-b0.5(r)-210.e(gi+s2.28(g)

-4s1.s(r)-387.1(g)-822.2(c)-266.5(c)-9s.1(c)

- I ls.eO(g)

-40e.2(l)-362.6(g)- 66_5.e(r)

o(e)

-373(r)

-3ele.e(r)-3es3.0(g)-3290.9(r)-331e.s(g)-6778.30)-682e:î(g)-2'n6.v(t)-1sse.9(g)-?246.4(t\

-1366.9r(l).-1a0e.2s(g)-4564.e(ì)-a607.1(ù.

-s407.1(r)-_s50e.8(e)-la10.ee(g)- l i79.-5(r)

_-s63.46(c)

-262.8(l)

-1661.1(r)

540CHCI¡CuCU-S04

0.915-2f1..220

1.260-s0"

-O-1. r'

1083

o./

-93.4

-29.o-

-116.3- 183.3

-83.&

-rr4.6

-94.67

- 119'.1

- 138.3

-L69.2-13

1193

-y28.30

18.20

-269.1

61.0

13.01 2595 304.6Decomposes > 600"C

2.671 80.7 30.1

0.6c9 49.3 27.30

r73.8

5.02i 78.5. 38"5.3

9.163 736.2 35,98

3.350 - 103.7 13.5417.23 t9i.2 56.9

Decompo-ses at 1.560'C

- i9.3 24.4812.68 t00.i 27.25

18.30 29Cì.0

0.02 -2689 0.084

536.0

553.7

511.8

619.0

5M460.4

56'7.0

2'83..1

61.5

52.0

26.4

s0.5

2.26

40.4

'14.55

20.8

467 35.6305.4 48.2

523.1 3'7.8

s16.3 63.0

6t9.7 37.0

7.30 34.6 26.052.859 -88.6 I4.i2

17.0

IN)

3&24.452 13.1 24:1

118.5 34.2i

30.0346.03

92.09

4.00

c)C)@I

Oo)À

526

n-Heptene

n-Hexane

HydrogenHvdrogenb¡omide

Hydrogenchloride

Hydrogencvanide

Hydrogenfluoride

Hydrogensulfide

IodineIronLeadLead oxideMagnesium

-90,59 14.03

-95.32 ' 13.03

-259.t9 0.12

-86

-774.2 1.99

-14

-83

-85.5 2.39

71.3.3

153s 15.1

886ó50714

Decomposes at 350"C

98.43 37.69

68.74 28.85

-252.76 0.904-67

-85.0 16.1

26

20

-60.3 L8.67

L84.22800 3s4.017s0 779.9.1472 2t31120 131.81418 136.8

-n4.4(t)-182.8(g)-1e8.8(l)-167.2(s)

o(e)

-36.23(s)

-ez.lÚ,GJ

-,130.1(9)

-268.6(g)-316.9(aç

2@)

-1s.e6(g)

o(c)o(c)o(c)

-2r9.v(c)o(c)

-6a1.8(c)

-,t816.90)-a853.s(g)-4163.1(l)-a1e4.8fu)-?8s.8a(g)

-5Á2.9(eì

-ss;6ei-15e.s{l)

726.6(r>

-764.0(s)-1071.s(l)

CzHro 1C0.20 0.684

GHr¡ 86.17 0.659

H, e016HB¡ 80.E2

HCt 36.47.

ItcN 27..03

H,F 20.0

HzS -?4.08

Iz 2-<3.8. 4.93Fe 55.85 7.7

20,'1 1.33fi^Ú 3T7'4

s40.2

fr7.9

'3324.6

s03.2

J/J.O

î

27.0

29.9

,T

81.5

88.9

HgCH4

3(¡)

Ma.enesium MgCbchloride

lvfagnesium Mg(OfaÞ 58.34 2-4hydroxide

Magnesium MgO

CrHrO¡âcetate

Methyl alco*¡ol CH¡Off 32:A4 0!ig2

æ00

-38.87-182.5-98.9

-97.9

-92-7

-97.9

77.4.

0.94

J..r'O /

3600

-3s6.9-16i.5

57.1

64.i

-ó.9

-24

-601.8(c),

o(")-va.&s(s)'

-40e.4(l)

-238.60)-20t.2(g)-28.0(g)

-8i.e(g)

&179 190.-/0 45-B

5Ã6.7 46.30

35.n 5ß-20 78.50

4æ'9 73.60

416.1 65.80()oulJOo,À

Table 8.1 (Continued)

Compound FormulaSG

Mol. Wt. (20'l+) I'fC)'ar?"(Îb)...l

î¡fC)' kJ/mol r"(K)/ p.(atm),

Methyl ethyl CsHseketone

Naphthalene CroH¡Nickel NiNitric acid HNO3

Nitrobenzene CeI¡¡OrNNitrogen N,Nitrogen NOz.dioxide

Nitric oxide NONitrogen NrOspentoxide

Nitrogen l.IrO4tetraoxide

Nitrous NeOoxide

z-Nonane QHæ

z-Octane CeEtrr.s

Oxalic acid qlf"04Oxygen Ozn-Pentane CsHtz

Isopentane CsHn

1-Pentene CsHmPhenol C6I{5OH

Phosphoric H¡POqacid

i8.2 32.0

2I7'.&2900

86 30.30

2t0.7 ; --19s.8 s5772t3 14.73

- 151.8 13.7847

21.r

-88.8

150.6

125.5

o(c)

-173.23(r)-206.s7(aq)

o(e)+33,8(gl.

+e0.37(g)

+e"3(g)

+81.5(g)

-229.00)

-24e.e(L)-208.a(g)-826.8(c)

o(e)

-173.00)-M6.+(s)-17e.3(r)-1s2"0(g)-20.e(e)

-1s8.10)-e0.8(g)

-1281.1(c)-1278.6(aq,

1H2O)

-17,6(c)o(c)

1211128.U2

46.01

30.01

108.02

92.0

M.m

128.25

7r4.22

90.û1

32.00

72.75.

72.t5-

70.1394.11

98.C0

1.2A3

L.63rr

t.448

1.?26-se'

0.718

0.703

1.90

0.63r8"

0.621v

0,6411.07Lzs"

1.93418"

-87.1

80.0

1.452

-41.6

5.5

-270.0-9.3

-163.630

-9.5

-91.1

-53.8

-57.0

-218.75-129.6

-160.1

-16s.242.5

42.3

tù4

0.7207.335

2.301

126.20ßL.A

77.4.20

431.0

309.-(

595

568.8

754.4

469.80

461.00

4746y2.1

;100.0

Y99.0

7t.io

23.0

24.5

49.7

JJ.J

32.9

39,960.5

-a36(r)

-s157(9)

-30e2.8(l)

-61?.r.s(r).-6171.0(g)-s470.7(t)-5s12.2(g)-2s1.9(s)

-3s0e.50)-3s36.1(d-3507.s0)-3529.2(g;)-3sis.8(g)-3063.s(s)

AÀ

Decomposes at l86 C0.444 -182.97 6.828.393 36.07 25:Tî

27.i

4-,44 29.9:'¡

11.43 181.4

10.54 (- åH¡O at 213eC)c)owJoo)À

R 123.90 2.20 59043 ¿tm 81.17 lgnites in air,7L5C

Phosphorus(white)

Phosphgruspentoxide

Propane

Propylenen-Propyl

alcoholIsopropylalcohol

n-Propylbenzene

Silicondioxide

Sodiumbicarbonate

Sodiumbisulfate

Sodiumcarbonate

Sod'iumchloride

Sodiurncyanide

Sodiumhydroxide

Sodiumnitrate

Sodiumnitrite

Sodiumsulfate

Sodiumsulfide

Sodiumsulfrte

P¿

PzOt

C¡Ha

CrHrC¡HsOH

C¡HsOtl

QI{rz

si02

NaHCOT

NaHSO¿

Na2Cq

NaCl

NaCN

NaO'H

NaNO3

NaNO2

Na?SO4

Na2S

Na2SC3

123.90 1.82

141.9s 2.387

44.O9

42.C8

60.09 0.804

60.09. 0.785

7m,79 0.862

60.09. 2.75

84.01 2.20

720.0T 2:142

105.99 2i.533

58.45 2.163

.i9.01

40.00 2.130

85.00 2.2si

69.C0 2.i68d

142.05 2_698

78.05 1.856

125.05 2.6331s'

78.77 369..9

78.42 365.1

536.7

508.8

38.24 63&7

170.7

15s

-1s06.2(c)

-11e.8(l)-103.8(g)+20.a1(g)

-300.700)-25s.4e)-310.e(l)

-38.400)+7.u(g)

-8s1.0(c)

-%5.6(c)

- 1126.3(c)

- 1130.9(c)

-a11.0(c)

-8e.7s(cl

-a26.6(c)-46e.a@q)-a66.7(c)

-359;4(c)

- 138a.5(c)

-373.2(c\

-10e0.3(c)

-nM.0(t)-n20.0(s)-20s8.a(g)-2010.4(l)-æ68.6(g)-1986.6(r)

-s218.2(t)^szu.a8,G)

44.2 2.51 280 49.71

Sublimes at 250.C

-t87.69 3.52 -42.07

-185.2 3,00 -4i.io-1an-r¿r 97.M

-99.7 82.?4

-99,50 8.54 159.2

1710 14.? 2230

Decomposes at270"C

42.0

45.4

49.95

53.0

3r.3

A(Jr

808

562

319

310

27"1

890

950

Decomposes at 854oC

28.5 1,46s

16.7 Vn

8.34 1390

15,9

24.3

6.1

Decomposes at 380'C

Decomposes at 320'C

c)c)(!Joo,À

Decomposes

(continued)

Table 8.1 (Continued)

Compound Formula Mol. Wt.LH^17^7".i

r,tr('C)å kJimot zufC),SG

(20"i4")aÊ"1r0¡.;

kJ/mol(ÅlÎr"¡r'ikJ/mol

(ÂÉ"1i;kJ/molT.(K)r P.(atm)s

Sodiumthiosulfate

Sultur(rhombic)

Sultur(monoclinic),

Sulfurdioxide

Sulfurtrioxide

Sulfuricacid

Toluene

'Water

rn-Xylene

o-Xylene

p-Xyiene

Zínc

Na2SOj

Sa

S6

Soz

Sor

HzSO¿

CzHe

Huo

CsHro

CsHro

C¡Hro

Zn

1-<8.11 1.667

256.53 2.07

256.53 7.96

64.07

80.07

-o.qOg 1.B34rr

y2"7! 0.866

18.016 1.004'

106.i6 0.864

10ó.16 0.880

106.i6 0.861

65.38, '1.140

-1117.1(c)

o(c)

+0.30(c)

-2e6.90(-q)

-3es.1.8(g)

-811.32(l)-907.s1(aq)+12.00(r)+s0.00(g)

-28s.84(r)-2a1.83(g)-2s.42(t)+n.zaE)-24.44(r)+18.99(g)

-24.43(l)17.es(g)o(")

-sgOe.g(l)4ea7.e(g)

-4ss1.e(r)-asea.sfu)-4s_529(t)-ase6-3(g)-4ss2.e1(l)-ases2(g)

113

119

-75.48

'16.84

10.35

-94.99

0.00

-41'.87

-25.18

13.26

41,9.5

10.04

14.77

7.402

25.4&

9.87

6.619

6.C,095

11.-{69

13.598

17.11

6.614

430..7

497.4

593.9

647.4.

619

æ1.5

618

40.-?

z\8.3,

34.6

35:1

33.9

444.6 83.7

444.6 8t7

-10.02 24.9t

43.3 41.80

Decomposes at 340"C

110.62 33.4j'

100.00 40.656

139.10 36.40

1.44.42 36.82

13.9.35 -a6.07

90i 1,74.7i

i7.8

8,?.8

Io,

c)ou,

O.o)À

TABLE 82. Heat Capacities

Form 1: Co[kJ/(mol.'C)] or [kJ/(moi.K)] : o + bT + cTz + dT3Form 2: Cr[kJ/(mol'"C)] or [kJ/(mol,X)Í : o + bT * cT-z

E-rample: (cp)aceronc(g) = 0-07196 + (20.10 x 10-s)r - (r2.7s" 16-s)72 + ç4.76x 10-rz)r3, wbere z is in "c.al gas equation of state to apply.

Compound FormulaMol.w1-

Temp.State Form Unit a x 1d

Range(Unitsof ?)åx1d cX108 d x 7012

Acetone

AcetyleneAir

AmmoniaAmmonium suifateBenzene

Isobutanen-ButaneIsobuteneCalc.ium carbideCalcium carbonateCalcium hydroxideCalcium oxideCarbonCarbon dioxideCarbon monoxideCarbon tet¡achlorideChlorineCopper

cHsCOCH3

CzHz

NH¡(NH¿)2SO4

CoHe

C¡HroC¿HroC¿HsCaC2CaCOcca(oHþCaOCCozCOccl4ClzCu

18.6æ.10 -12.786.053 -5.0330.4t47 0.31910.1965 0.4.t992.954 0.4421

23.432.95 -25.2030.13 - 18.9127.88 -75.4725.64 -77.271.19 -8.6ó x 1010

4.975 -12-87 x 10t0

26.0429.0

58.08 "C.C.C.C

K.C

Koc.C

'cOC

OC

KKKKK

OC

.C

K"cK

123.071.96

42.432,8.94

28.0935.15

275.9726.574.0689.4692.3082.8868,62

82.34&9.5

41.8411.18

36.1128.9593.3933.6022.-/6

17.03

732.r578.11

58.1258.12

56.1064.10

100.o9

74.7056.0812.01

44.01

28.01rs3.8470.91

63.54

34.761&.20

- 1.965

- 1.965

-6.686

7'7.5',7

49.87

34.9850.s0

-3H00-12000-12000-1500

2i3-t8000-1200

275_J286470-12000-72000-12000-1200

298-72027r-103327Ç3'7327T1773273-7373

0-15000-1500

2i3-3430-1200

273-73sJ

I

o

oÞo

co

c

Io

oÞo

o

ccccc

õo

Io

c

1

1

I1

1

1

2

2

1

22

1

1

1

II

A{

2.031.09s4.2330.4110

12.981.367

0.6117

-4.5¿x I0t0-4.891 x 10to

-2.887 .1.464

0.3548 -2.2n

- 1.607 6.4i3

,å,**i;:¡;:.'ÏÏ"Ì,,y#:îÏJ:"f.îJffi,Kciptes and catcutations in Chemicar Ensineerins,3rd Edirion, @ 7el4,rabre E.1. Adapted by

c)C)ul

Oo).À

(continued)

-l

TABLE 82. Fleat Capacities.continued ...

Compound FormulaMol.v/r.

TÞmp.State Form Unit ¿xld åx1d cX108 d x L0r2

Range(Unitsof I)

Cumene(Isopropyl benzene)

CyclohexaneCyclopentaneEthaneEthyl alcohol(Ethanol)

EthlrleneFerric oxideFormaldehydeHeliumn -Hexane

139.7 53.76

94.740 49.6273.39 39.2849.37 13.y2

103,1

158.8

6r.34 15.72+40.75. t7.47103.4 6.77134.28 4.268.20.8

276.3

737.44 40.8528.84 0.0076529.L0 -0.022729.13 -O.I34135.3 2.W833.51 r.54772.4 1.584s.44 0.5008.

34.3t s.46919.87 s.02775,.86 16.8342.93 8.301

721.3 5ó.5398.83 45.8s7

28.05

L59-7030.03

4.0086.17

2.07680.%36.47

n.o334..08

95.2340.32

76.U

32.04

9&18u.\663,02J?0.01

-39.79

-31.90-25.54-5.816

-æ,920.32880.98870.9775t.t920.3012

720.5

80.6368.667.280

-&03100.883:81

0.36s2

0-1200

È12000-12000-12000

100

0-12000-1200

2Trtjn0-12000-1200

20-1000-12000-15000-1200u72000-12000-1500

27T997Tt3-N73

0-1200273--r5ú

M50-7000-12000-1200

250-3;<00

oë

gÞoÞoèI

Io

oÞcûöoÞloÞoÞoÞcÞo

oÞccoooÞI

b

coÞ1

oÞ

1

1

1

i1

1

1

1

)

"c

ocOC

"c"Coc

"c"CK"cOC

"COC

OC

OC

UC

OC

"CKK

UC

K"C"COC

OC

ococ

110.029.50

-&.749. 1,0.93

-6.891 17.66

-L7.72x 1010

0.0000 -8^694æ

CzFI¿

Fe203cH2oHeCoHr+

Ilydrogen HzHydrogen bromide HBrHydrogen chloride HCIHydrogen cyanide HCNHydrogen sulfide HzSMagnesiumchloride MgC.l2Magnesium oxide MgOMethane CH¿

Meihy alcohol(Methanot)

clfsoFI

Methylcyclohexane CzHr¿Methylcvclopentane CoHrzNitric acid NHO3

1

1

1

I1

1

21

1

1

1

1'1

1

1

-&.732 x 1010

0.3661 - 11.001.268 -11.00

c)c)@j

Oo)À

Nitric oxide NO 0.8188

TABLE 82. Heat Capacities continued ...

NitrogenNitrogen dioxideNitrogentetraoxide NzO¿

oc ?;9.00 0.2L99oc 36.A7 3-noc 75.7 L2.5oc 3'7.66 4.L57oc 29.L0 f.i58oc 155.4 43.68oc 1i4.8 34.09oc 68.032 22.59oc 59.580 t7.7tK 127K 53f6

-2.877 È1500't.87 È1200

0_300L0.57 0-12001.311 0-1500

G-3642.26 0-120031.71 0-120024_60 0-1200

28*c-3.77

Ð8

28.0246.01

92.0244.ù2

32.0072.75

44.0942.08

0.5723

-2.88-11.3-2.694-0.60v6

-18.99-13.11-L0.17

goëoÞcÞcÞIoÞo

oÞcc

1

1

1

1

I1

1

1

1

1

1

J(o

Nitrous oxideOxygen¿-Pentane

PropanePropyleneSodium carbonateSodium carbonatedecahydrate

Sulfur'i0H2os 32.07 c

(Rhombíc)c

(Monoclinic)98.08 I64.07 C80.07 cE2.\3 I

qð18.0i6 I

oE

n3468

36V3EZ

10+50-1s000-10000-1100-r2c00-1000-1500

1 K 15.2 2.68

I K 18.3 1.84

1

1

1

1

1

1

L -3.593

c)o@Ioo)À

CCB 1064

fable 8.5 Properties of Saturated Steam: lbmperature Table"

û1maltg; ûinrlr<g¡ r?lkykg¡

f ("C) P(bar) 'Water Steam Vy'ater. Steam Vy'ater Evaporation Steam

024

6I

01 0.006110.007050.008130.009350.01072

0.012270.014010.aL5970.018170.02062

0.02340.02640,02980.03170.03360.0378

0.04240.04750.05320.05940.0662

0.07380.08200.09100.10090.1116

0.12340.13610.15000.16510.1815

0.L9920.21840.2391.0.26750.2856

0.0010000.0010000.0010000.0010000.001000

0.0010000,0010000.001001

û,0010010.m1001

0.0010020.0010020.0010030.0010030.0010030.001004

0.0010040.0010050.0010060.0010060.001007

0.0010080.0010090.0010090.0010100.001011

0.0010120.0010130.0010140.00101s0.001016

0.0010170.0010180.0010190.0010200.0¡AL022

206.2179.9

1.57.3

I37.8121,.0

106.4

93.882.9

73.465.1

57.851.545.943.441.036:'t

32.929.626.624.02L.6

19.55r7.6916.04

t4.561.3.23

72.05

10.98L0.02

9.1588.380

7.6787.0436.4685.9475.475

zero 2315.68.4 23783

16.8 2387.12s.2 2383,.8

33.6 2386.6

42.0 2389.350.4 2392.758,8 2394,867.L 2397.6'75.5 24N.3

83.9 2403.092.2 240s.8

100.6 24085104,8 2409.9108.9 2471..2

117.3 2414.0

125.7 2416.7734.0 2479.4).42.4 2422.7

150.7 2424,8159,1 2427.5

16'1.4 2430.2175.8 2432.91.84.2 2435.6

192.5 2438.3200.9 2440.9

209,2 2443.6217.7 2446226.0 2449234.4 2457242.8 2454

251.1 24s6259.5 2459267.9 246r276.2 2464284.6 2467

+0.08.4

16.825.233.6

42.050.458.867.r75.s

83.992.2

100.6104.8108.9777.3

125.7134.0L42.4

I50.71s9.1

L67.5175.8784.2r92.5200.9

209,3277.7226.0234.4242.8

25L.1

259.5267.9276.2284.6

250].6 2501.62496.8 2505,22492.t 2508.92487.4 2512.62482.6 2576.2

247'7.9 2s19.92473.2 2523.62468.5 25n.22463.8 2s3092459.0 2534.5

2454.3 2538.22449.6 2s47.82444.9 2s4s.52442.5 2547.32440.2 2549.12435.4 2552.7

2430.7 2556.42425.9 2s60.02421.2 2563.6

2416.4 2s67.22477.7 2570.8

2406.9 25'14.4

2402j 2577.92397.3 2s81.52392.5 2585.12387.7 2588.6

2382.9 2592.22377 2s9s2373 2s992368 26022363 2606

2358 26092353 26132348 26L62343 26192338 2623

10T2

141618

202224252628

3032343638

4rJ

42444648

5052545658

6062646668

nFrom ll. lil'. Flayrvood, Thermodynømic Tables in SI (Metric) Urrlrq Cambridge University Press,London, 1968.î: specificvolume,tT: specificintenralenerg¡ andll : speciûcenthalpy.Note:kJ/kgx 0.4303 = Btu/lb..

(continued)

CCB 1064

'fable 8.5 (Continued)

É(kJ/ks)

rfc) P(bar) water steam water steam wate¡ Evaporation steam

26262630263326362639

26432646265426532656

7072747678

80828486E8

9092949698

100LAz

0.3117 0.00L023 s.04s0.3396 0.001024 4.65s0.3696 0.001025 4.2990.4019 0.001026 3.9750.4365 0.001028 3.679

0.4736 0.001029 3.408 334.80.5133 0.0û1030 3.I6L 34320.55s8 0.001032 2.934 351.60.6011 0,001033 2.727 3@.00.6495 0.001034 2.536 368.4

0.7077 0.001036 2.36L0.7560 0.001037 2.2000.814s 0.001039 2.0520.8767 0.001040 1.9150.9429 0.001042 L.7891.0131 0.001044 L.673L.0876 0.001045 1.566

23332329232323L82313

23082303229822932288

2469 293.02472 307.424:74 309.92476 378.22479 326.4

2482 334.92484 343,32487 351.72489 360.12497 368.s

2493 377.02496 385.42499 393.8250L 402.22504 470.72507 419.L

2s09 427.5

21

Table 8.7 Properties of Superheatcd Steamo

2t9.3 313.92@.2 313.9

0.00101 0.00103

209.3 314.02æ.2 313.9

0.00101 0.00103

2ú.7 314.3209.2 313.8

0.00101 0.00103

270.7 314.7209.1 3r3.t

0.00101 0.00103

217.0 315.52t9.0 313.s

0.m101 0.00102

2'12.7 317.1208.6 313.0

0.00101 0.00102

214.4 318.7208.3 312.6

0.00101 0.00103

216.t 320 3208.1 3t2.3

0 00101 0.00102

2t't.8 322.9207.8 31t.7

0.00101 0 00102

222.t 326.020't.o 310.7

0.00101 0.00102

226.4 330.0206,3 3æ.7

0.00100 0.00102

228.2 337;t20ó.0 309.2

0.00100 0.00102

419.4 632.2418.8 ó31.6

0.00rm 0.00109

479.? 612.5418.7 631.4

0.00104 0.00109

420,5 633.1418.4 (103.9

0.mr04 0.00109

422.0 634.341'1.9 630.0

0 00104 0 00109

42',).5 635 (r

4t7.3 629.10.00104 0 00r09

425.0 63ó.84')6't 628.2

0.00t04 0.00109

426.5 638.14't6.1 627.1

0.00104 0.00109

4303 641_3414.7 625.0

0.00104 0.m108

434.0 644.5473.2 622.9

0.00103 0.00108

435.7 645.841.L8 622.0

0.00103 0.00108

853.4 1085.8848.8 1080.8

0.00115 0.00125

854.2 108_5.8

84? 3 10?8 30.00115 0.00125

85_s.l 1085.8845.9 1075.8

0.00115 0.(nn4

8s5.9 i085,8844.4 1073.4

0.00115 0.00124

858.1 1086.2841.0 7067.7

0.00114 0.00123

8û.4 1086.7837.7 t062.2

0.00114 0.00122

8(11.4 108?.0836.3 1060.0

0.00114 0.tO122

t334.3 7647.1

7307.r 1613.70.00136 0.0016?

1332.8 ló35.51302.9 1600.3

0.00135 0.00163

P(bar) Sat'd Sat'd(I-'.'C) Water Sreaù

0.0(-)

0.1(4.s.8)

0.5(81.3)

1.0(ee.6)

5.0(r51.8)

l0(L7e.e)

20(2t2.4) ¡J gffi.z

t o.m11E o.tJ95o

Temperature ('C)-50 )s

26892517

268825t611.2

268325123.47

2676250'l1.69

21ùt2589

27832588t9.5

278025863.89

277625837.94

437.8 &t'1.7412.1 620.8

0.00103 0 00108

M7.6 650.9410.8 618.7

0.00103 0.00107

456.8 664.1405.8 61 1.0

0.001û2 0 00106

495.1 698ì0195.t 594.4

0.001000 0.00104

28802662

2880266121.8

287826604.35

287526582.77

285526{.30.4:25

26210.20ó

862.8 1087,5834.4 1057.0

0.00113 0.ú722

865.2 1088.4831.3 1052.1

0.00113 0.00121

875.4 1093.6819.7 1034.3

0.ó0111 0.001t9

903J 1113.0't95.3 999.0

0 00t08 0.00114

CCB 1064

2978 3an 31772736 2812 2890

29?7273624.2

297927?s4.83

291527142.40

296r27240.414

294f27100.233

290226790.111

3077281226.5

3Ut62811srq

301428112.64

30ó528030.522

305227940.ã8

3û2.5

27740.t25

29627r)1

0.0-588

28ft52668

0.0361

21872593

0.0243

3r77289028.7

37't"l25895.75

317628892^87

316828830.571

315928760.287

313928620.139

30952829

0.06ó5

304ó2792

0.0422

29902750

0.0299

29262702

0.0224

26952523

0.011s

1331.1 7625.0t291.5 1585.0

0.00135 0.001ó0

7328.7 1609,91288.7 1563.3

0.00133 0.0015s

7323.7 t5?6.31259.3 1504.10.00129 0.au44

1328.7 1550.51207.1 1419.0Ô.00122 0.00131

350250200150r00 300

2595 26422446 2481

ri 19t tlû r91.st o.oolor

rI 340.6û yo.aû o.oorog

11 4t7.sù tn.sI o.oor04

r? 640.1

t 639.6

I o.oo1o9

11 ?62.6t 161.sI o.oorrS

û ns.6

2584.82418.Ot4.t

2&46.O

24U.03.24

2675.4250ó.1

1.69

2747.52560.20.375

2776.225820.194

27n.22598.2

2593244414.8

2640248016.0

40(250.3)

û o.oor25 0.04975

rr 7081.4r) 1082.4

28ú.32601.1

rl t2t3:tú r2o5.si 0-00132

I? .13].7.1

û 1306.0

2185.02590.40.0325

2159.92517.7

272'1.7254'1.3

0 0181

2615.O7459.9

t 0.00166 o.o1o3

r? 1826.5tJ t7çs.j

60(2'1s.6)

80(295.0)

100(311.0)

150

2(n(36s.7)

250(-)

300(-)

500(-)

10üJ(-)

/? l4os.0û ßn.5û o.oot¿s

11 1611.0

? o.ool:s 0.0235

(342.1) Û r5s6.7

24t8.42300.8

221.2(P.) t1 2108(374.7Ð(I) Û 2037.8

û o.()o2o4 o-oos87s

2108203?.8

P o.oo3t? o.oo3t?

ùt)9

ût1?

11

0îÊtt

230.7 334.0205.7 308.7

0.00100 0.00101

235.0 338.1205.0 3ffi.7

0.0009990 0.00101

251.9 354.2202.4 304.0

0.01i09911 0.00100

293.9 394.3196.5 295.7

o.w)9731 0 0009852

22

CCB 1064

Table 8.7 (Continued)

P(bar) Temperature (.C)+(r'"."c) " .a* o" 500 550 600 650 700 .ts¡

0^0 t? 3280 3384 3497 3Sg7 3706 3816 3929 4043(-) û 2969 30s0 3t32 3217 3303 3390 3480 35919-0'1 û 3280 3384 3489 3596 370() 3816 3g2g 4043(45.8) t) 2969 3050 3132 32t7 3303 33go 3480 3s.1î zr.7 33.3 3sJ 38,0 40.3 42,6 44.8 47.20.5 È 3219 3383 3489 3596 3705 3816 3g2g 4043(81'3) 0 2969 3Mg 3132 3276 3302 3390 34E0 3s7t9 e .zt 6.67 7.14 z,5B 8.06 B.ss 9.01 e.431.0 Ê 32.18 3382 3488 3596 3705 3816 3928 404?,(99.6) û 2968 3049 3132 3216 3302 3390 3479 3s7og z.tt 3.j3 j.57 3.80 4.03 4.26 4.48 4.725.0 lt 3272 3379 3484 3592 3702 3813 3926 4040(15r.8) û 2964 3045 3t2B 1j2t3 ã:OO 3388 3477 3s699 o.en 0.664 o.llt o.ts| o.Bo,f 0.850 0.897 0.94310 Ê 3264 3371 34.18 3sB7 1691 3809 3923 4038(t'19.e) 0 zgsa 3047 3724 3210 lise 338s 347s 3s67g os07 0.330 0.353 0.377 0.402 0.424 0,448 0.47220 Ê 324s 3358 3467 3s78 3639 3802 3916 4032(2L2'4) Û 2946 3031 3115 3202 32gO 3379 3470 3s62I 0.1s1 0.163 o.r7s 0.188 0.2ffi .ozrr 0.223 o.z3s40 fl 3276 3337 3445 3559 36?3 3188 3904 4o2t(2-s0.3) û 2922 3o1t 3100 3188 f27B 3368 346() 3ss4û o.ml+ o.o'.gg 0.0864 0.0926 0.0987 0.105 0.111 0.11760 ti 3180 3303 3422 3539 3657 3774 3892 4011(27s.6) û 2896 2sg1 30B3 3r.r4 3265 335.1 3451 3s45î o.oq'tq 0.0521 0.056ó 0.0609 0.0652 0.0693 0.0735 0.077680 Ê 3t42 3274 33gg 3520 3640 3759 3ü.ts 4000(2e5.0) Û 2867 2969 3065 3L5g 3252 3346 344L 3s3.7v o.ovq 0'0382 0.041'7 ú.0450 o.oas: 0.0s15 0.0547 0.057s100 Ê 31m 3244 337.5 3500 3623 3745 3867 3s89(311.0) u 2836 2s46 3047 3144 3240 333.5 3431 3s2SÇ' o.ozøa 0.0298 0.0328 0.0-156 0,0383 0.041 0 0.0435 0.G1611s0 n zgis 3160 3311 3MB 3i80 370g 3835 1Js6z(342.1) Û 2'744 2883 2g9g 3105 320-Ì 3107 3407 3507û o.orsz 0.0185 0.0208 o.o22g 0.0249 0.026.1 0.0286 0.0304200 û 2820 3064 3241 3394 3536 3677 3804 3g3s(365.7) û 2622 28rc 2946 3M3 3r'72 3278 3382 3485I o.oossso o.or2'/ 0.0148 0.016ó 0.0182 0.197 0.2' 0.0225

227'2(Pc) t! 2ß3 3o?-o 3zto 3370 3s1.6 3655 3.tgo 3sz3(374.ts)(r) û 2ss3 27',t6 2922 30{s ztsi 326s 3371 3476P o.00srsr 0.0110 0.0130 o-o'4? 0.0162 0.0r?6 0.0190 0.02022s0 Ê 2sE2 2gs4 316ó 3337 34go 3633 3.t.12 3908(-) t z¿tz 2725 2888 3019 3t37 3248 33s6 3463I 0.006013 0.0091?4 0.0111 0.0127 0.0141 0.0143 0.0166 0.01?8300 È 2162 2826 3085 32i.1 3443 3595 3740 3BE0(-) t zol¡ 2623 282s 2972 3100 3218 3330 344r12 0.002830 0.006'134 0.008óS0 0.0102 0.0114 o.OL2ß 0.0136 0.0147s00(-)

100(-)

¡? r 878tr n91

rl t79BÛ 1653

î o.ænze 0.0û24er 0.003882 0.00s112 0.006112 0.007000 o.óloi' o.i,iJuiu

22932169

205 I1888

2'123

2529

23162t21

30212765

25942369

32482946

285'1

2591

3439309r

31052795

36103224

33U2971

3',t71

3350

35263131,> t t JlJl9 0.001446 0.001628 0.001893 0.ffi2246 0.002668 0.003106 0.003536 0.003953

)a

CCB 1064

APPENDIX C

Õ.r" ri

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24