1.

Cause:

Ships sailed from many African ports to Arabia, Persia, and India.

Effect:

By 1500, Africa had been linked to the rest of the world for centuries.

2.

Cause:

The king of Ghana taxed all the gold and salt passing through his kingdom.

Effect:

He grew wealthy and was able to pay for an Army and build an empire.

3.

Cause: Muslim empires

wanted to convert Ghana’s people and control the gold trade.

Effect: A Muslim Army

conquered Kumbi Saleh, weakening Ghana’s power.

4.

Cause:

Mali was located farther south than Ghana.

Effect:

It was better able to control trade on the upper Niger River.

5.

Cause:

The legend of Mali’s wealth spread to Europe.

Effect:

Europeans began to trade with Africa.

6.

Cause:

Moroccan fighting force invaded Songhai with cannon and gunpowder.

Effect:

Moroccan troops quickly defeated the Songhai warriors.

7.

Cause:

Benin was located on main trade routes.

Effect:

It grew prosperous.

Ghana

West African empire that grew rich from taxing the gold and salt trade

Islam

Religion with one God - Allah

Mali

Most powerful West African state

Songhai

West African empire with several Muslim rulers

Yoruba

People who lived southwest of Niger River who were farmers and gifted artists