1. Basic Principles of Ecologyslides

7/23/2019 1. Basic Principles of Ecologyslides

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OFECOLOGY

CRESAR 2016|January 8,2016|Casa LuisaRestaurant General Santos City

By: ENGR. AL!E"AR G. S#G$%L#N, REB&REA&En'PRC Licensed Real Estate Broker #0018562

PRC Licensed Real Estate Appraiser #004650

PRC Licensed Prof. Aric!lt!ral Enineer #000060"

'RC Li(ense) En*iron+ental 'lanner 00011-2'RC Certi(ate o/ A((re)itation /or Le(turer 01-


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BAS%C EC#L#G%CAL$N!ERSAN!%NG

En*iron+ent Commonly perceived as the

immediate srrondin!s o"an individal#

Comple$ ecosystem %hich

deals %ith a net%or& o"livin! and non'livin! thin!s


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BAS%C EC#L#G%CAL $N!ERSAN!%NG

E(oloy Is the scienti)c stdy o" the

interrelationships and

interdependencies o" or!anism*plants+ animals, %ith theirenvironment#

Is the -ranch o" -iolo!y that deals

%ith relationship o" livin! thin!s toeach other and to their environment#

Science o" livin! environment#


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BAS%C EC#L#G%CAL$N!ERSAN!%NG

Primarily concerns%ith.

Poplation Commnities Ecosystems


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BAS%C EC#L#G%CAL $N!ERSAN!%NG

Broader than and ses mch

&no%led!e "rom other disciplines li&echemistry+ physics+ mathematics

and even compter science# Comes "rom the Gree& %ord /Oi&os0

meanin! hose1 coined -y GermanScientist Ernest 2aec&el#

/Ecolo!ist0 ' the scientist %ho stdiesthese relationships#


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S$B!%3%S%#N #4EC#L#G5

Aute(oloy3 deals %ith thestdy o" the individalor!anism+ its li"e history+

-ehavior+ characteristics and itsadaptation to the environment#

Syne(oloy 3 deals %ith thestdy o" !rops o" or!anisms%hich are associated as a nit inrelation to its environment


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!%44EREN SAGES #4 LE3EL #4#RGAN%A%#N

Ato+3 smallest nit o"particle o" matter#

"ole(ule3 the -asic chemical

nit that ma&es p theparts o" a cell

#ranelle3 the parts o" a cell

Cell3 the smallest nit o"livin! thin!s

issue3 !rop o" similar cells


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#ran3 !rop o" di4erentiatedtisses doin! the same %or&

Syste+3 !rop o" di4erent

or!ans per"ormin! di4erent"nctions

#ranis+3 individal livin!thin!+ either plant or animal

'o7ulation3 !rop o" similaror!anisms occpyin! a de)nitearea#


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Co++unity3 !rop o" di4erentpoplations interactin! %ith oneanother

E(osyste+3 !rop o" commnitiesinteractin! %ith their physical"actors#

Bios7ere3 all the ecosystems onearth %ith the physical

environment

Eart3 the planetary environment

o" the Earth


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9E 'LANEAR5 EN3%R#N"EN

a Bios7ere3 this layer onthe sr"ace o" the earth%here all livin! thin! are

a-le to e$ist#; At+os7ere3 is the !as or

air that envelopes the

earth( 9y)ros7ere3 the -odies

o" %ater

) Litos7ere3 the roc&s+


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9E 'LANEAR5 EN3%R#N"EN

Eart3 is the only planet in thesolar system that is capa-le

o" spportin! li"e-ecase o" itsri!ht distance "rom the sn+the presence o" o$y!en and the

a-ndance o" %ater#


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%NERAC%#N %N ANEC#S5SE"&AB%#%C AN! B%#%C

4AC#RS1. A;ioti(3 a;ioti(. interaction

relationship amon! physical "actors

in the environment#2. Bioti(3 ;ioti(. interaction

relationship amon! -iotic "actors inthe commnity

. Bioti(3 a;ioti(. relationship-et%een livin! and non'livin! thin!sin a commnity#


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AB%#%C 4AC#RS

5# 6ater

7# Soil8# Snli!ht

9#:emperatre


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B%#%C 4AC#RS

5# Plants

7# Animals8# ;icroor!anisms


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AER An important ecolo!ical

"actor

An inor!anic s-stance %hichplays an important role in theecosystem

Brin!s a-ot chan!es in theli"e "orms o" plants andanimals1


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S#%L Another important ecolo!ical

"actor

>etermines lar!ely the

character o" ve!etation andthe types o" animals thatmaintain themselves pon it#

Comple$ inor!anic material in%hich plants are anchored#

:ypes . Sandy Clay+ Loam+ Silt


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S$NL%G9 An important physical

"actor

:he main sorce andoldest o" all ener!ysorces

:he ma?or "actor in theprocess o" photosynthesis


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E"'ERA$RE Increases vapor pressre

-y increasin! moleclar

motion# >irectly proportional to

the intensity o" li!ht#


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%"'#RANCE #4 AER:

a, 2elps in the !erminationo" seeds

-, :ransport s-stances inthe -ody o" plants andanimals

c, Aids in the erosion and-rea&in! o" roc&s


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%"'#RANCE #4 AER:e, Comprises a lar!e percent o"

the -ody tisse o" or!anism#No or!anism %ill srvive

%ithot %ater@ *D, o" the earth=s sr"aceis %ater

D ' D o" the %ei!ht o" any"nctionin! livin! system


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%"'#RANCE #4 AER:d, Is needed to spport plant

tisses# Lac& o" %ater %illmean lo% pressre %hich

cases the cell to shrinater is a-sor-ed -y plantsthro!h the roots -y osmosis

and released into theenvironment -y transpiration


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'LAN AERRE


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'LAN AER RE


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EC#S5SE"

Commonly re"erred to as theli"e 3 spport systems

Involve on interaction o" thecommnities and the non'livin! environment


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C#"'#NENS #4 9EEC#S5SE"

Non?li*in (o+7onents5# Inor!anic S-stances

7# Or!anic Compond8# Climatic re!imes


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'LAN AER RE


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Li*in Co+7onents5# Prodcers

7# Consmers8# >ecomposers


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4un(tionalCo+7onents

5# Food Chain *Food Cycle,

7# Ener!y Flo%

8# >iversity

9# Evoltion

# Ecosystem development*ecolo!ical sccession,

# Control or cy-ernetics

# Bio!eochemical cycle


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EC#S5SE" C5CLES

1. ater Cy(le


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EC#S5SE" C5CLES

2. Car;on @ #yen Cy(le


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EC#S5SE" C5CLES

. Nitroen Cy(le


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EC#S5SE" C5CLES

=. 'os7orous Cy(le


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EC#S5SE" C5CLES

-. Sul/ur Cy(le Atmospheric sl"r comes "rom several

sorces+ incldin! volcanoes+ the actiono" soil microor!anisms+ and thecom-stion o" "ossil "els as coal+ oil and!as#

6hen "el that contains sl"r is -rned+o$y!en com-ines %ith the sl"r to "orm

o$ides# 6hen the o$ides o" sl"r reach the

atmosphere+ they com-ine %ith rain%ater and "orm sl"ric acid %hich+ intrn+ "alls to the !rond as acidprecipitation


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'ro7erties o/ E(osyste+s5# Prodctivity3 re"ers to the net !ro%th

o" -iomass

7# Sta-ility 3 is the a-ility o" ecosystemsto %ith stand minors "orms o" stresses

8# Sstaina-ility 3 a-ility o" ecosystemsto %ith stand ma?or "orms o" stresses+e#!# dro!hts+ pest distr-ances

9# EJita-ility 3 distr-ance o"prodctivity amon! the -ene)ciaries#


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'9%L%''%NE AGEN!A 21:Conceptal Frame%or& "or Sstaina-le >evelopmentProdctivity

:he 5K 6orld Commission on Environment and>evelopment *6CE>, in its report /Or Common Ftre0

de)ned Sstaina-le >evelopment as /meetin! the needso" the present !eneration %ithot compromisin! thea-ility o" the "tre !eneration to meet their o%n needs#0

In the Philippine conte$t+ sstaina-le development is the

/harmonios inte!ration o" a sond and via-le economy+responsi-le !overnance+ social cohesion harmony andecolo!ical inte!rity to ensre that development+ is a li"eenhancin! process# :he ltimate aim o" development no%and thro!h "tre !eneration#0


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'rin(i7les o/ Sustaina;le!e*elo7+ent a)ere) to ;y te

'9%L%''%NE AGEN!A 21 Primacy o" >evelopin! 2man Potential

2olistic science and appropriatetechnolo!y

Cltral+ moral and spirital sensitivity

Sel"'determination

National soverei!nty

Gender sensitivity

Peace+ order and national nity


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'rin(i7les o/ Sustaina;le!e*elo7+ent a)ere) to ;y te

'9%L%''%NE AGEN!A 21 Participation democracy

Instittional via-ility


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Callenes o/ %+7le+entin

'9%L%''%NES AGEN!A 21 Stren!thenin! the roll o" ma?or

!rops

LocaliMation Financin! ;eans and Strate!ies

In"ormation+ edcation+ and

commnication ;onitorin! and assessment


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EN3%R#N"ENAL "ANAGE"EN E"AN! EN3%R#N"ENAL %"'AC

ASSESS"EN E%Aat is En*iron+ental%+7a(t Assess+ent E%A

E % A3 is a systematic stdy o"the relationship -et%een a

pro?ect and the environment#


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ASSESS"EN E%A A tool "or -oth plannin! and decision'ma&in!

A process %here-y an estimate is made o"the environmental conseJences %hich may

-e e$pected to reslt "rom a proposeddevelopment activity or pro?ect#

It determines %hat inHence a pro?ect %illhave on the environment and ho% the

environment %ill a4ect the pro?ect Concerned %ith. identi"yin!+ predictin! and

evalatin! the potential environmentale4ects o" p-lic and private development

activities#


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ASSESS"EN E%Aat is En*iron+ental"anae+ent E"

E " 3 identi"yin! all the practicalelements needed to implement aproposed environmental strate!y sch asthe type o" technical e$perts+ cost and

timeta-le "or the implementation and thesteps needed to resolve any conHicts thatarise drin! implementation#


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ASSESS"EN E%A ;a&e se o" the in"ormation and

analysis provided -y EIA and adds

an element o" dynamism -ydesi!nin! strate!ies to protect anconserve the environment and -y

"ocsin! on the implementation o"sch strate!y#


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ASSESS"EN E%A

at is)iDeren(e

;eteen E%Asan) E"


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EN3%R#N"ENAL "ANAGE"EN E" AN!EN3%R#N"ENAL %"'AC ASSESS"EN E%A

E%As3 "ocsed mainly on theidenti)cation o" e$istin! or potential

environmentalpro-lems#

;ainly a descriptive and plannin!

tool that is help"l in determinin!actally %hat happens to theenvironment


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E"' emphasiMes also identi)cationand se o" environmental opportnities

A set o" more dynamic action 3oriented tools that assist in "ormlatin!+

implementin! and monitorin! strate!ies

to protect+ enhance and conserve the

environment#


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EN3%R#N"ENAL "ANAGE"EN 'LAN E"':

A section o" the EIS that details theprevention+ miti!ation+ contin!ency

and monitorin! measres to enhancethe positive impacts and minimiMe thene!ative impacts o" a proposed pro?ector nderta&in!#


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"aFor #;Fe(ti*es o/ E%A:

5# nderstand the li&ely conseJences o"

ne% pro?ects on activities on theenvironment1

7# Identi"yin! measre %hich canminimiMed these conseJences1

8# Provides scient data "or decisionma&in!


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at are te leal

;asis /or anEn*iron+ental %+7a(tAssess+ent E%A


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1. 'resi)ential !e(ree '! 11-1+issed 5.

. ;andates all a!encies and

instrmentalities o" the national!overnment incldin! GOCCS# Or %ellas private corporation )rms andentities to prepare Environmentalimpact Statement EIS "or any ornderta&in! %hich si!ni)cantly a4ectsthe Jality o" the environment#


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2. 'resi)ential !e(ree 1-86,Issed5K.

. Esta-lished the Environment ImpactStatement EIS system and >e)nes itsscope %hich covers EnvironmentallyCritical Pro?ect *ECP, andEnvironmentally Critical Area *ECA,#


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at is te E%S Syste+

:he EIS System re"ers to the entireprocess o" or!aniMation+ administrationand procedre instittionaliMed "or theprpose o" assessin! the si!ni)cance o"

e4ects o" physical developments on theJality o" the environment#


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at are te

7ro(esses in*ol*e) inte E%S Syste+


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A. e 're?stu)y

'asea# Pre'Screenin!

-# Scopin!


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B. e Stu)y 'asec# Site characteriMation

Prediction o" Impacts

d# Evalation o" Impacts andProposal o" AlternativesOptions

e# Identi)cation and assessmento" miti!atin! measres

"# Preparation o" the EIS


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C. e 'ost Stu)y 'ase!# Revie% o" EIS

h# Grantin! o" the EnvironmentCompliance Certi)cate *ECC,

i# Post aditin! and monitorin!


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at 7roFe(ts are

(o*ere) ;y te E%SSyste+


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A. En*iron+entally Criti(al 'roFe(tEC'

'A pro?ect that has a hi!h potential "or

si!ni)cant ne!ative environmentalimpact

5# 2eavy Indstries

Non'"erros metal indstries

Iron and steel nits

Petrolem and petrochemicalindstries+ incldin! oil and %ild

!as


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7# Resorce E$tractive Indstries ;a?or minin! and Jarryin! pro?ects

Forestry pro?ects. lo!!in!+ ma?or %oodprocessin!+ !raMin!

Fishery pro?ects. di&es or )shponddevelopment

8# In"rastrctre pro?ects.

;a?or dams

;a?or po%er plants ;a?or reclamation

;a?or road and -rid!es

9# Gol" corses


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B. En*iron+entally Criti(al AreasECA

'An area that is environmentally sensitive

5# National par&s+ %atershed reserves%ildli"e preserves and sanctaries

7# Potential torist spots

8# 2a-itat "or any endan!ered orthreatened species o" indi!enosPhilippine %ildli"e *Hora or "ana,


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9# niJe historical+ archaeolo!icalscienti)c interest

# Areas traditionally occpied -y cltral

commnities or tri-es# Areas "reJently visited andor hard'

hit -y natral calamities *Hood+typhoons+ volcanic activities,

# Areas %ith critical slopes *slopes 9Dor more,


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K# Prime a!ricltral lands

# Rechar!e areas o" aJi"ers

5#6ater -odies characteriMed as.tapped "or domestic prposes+protected areas+ spportive o"%ildli"e )sheries activities

55#;an!rove areas

57#Coral ree"s


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i( o*ern+ent aen(yi+7le+ents te E%S syste+

Prsant to E$ective Order 57+ %hichreor!aniMed >ENR+ the Environmental;ana!ement Brea *E;B, is mandated

to implement the EIS system##

:he Re!ional Oces are mandated to

implement the EIS System prsant to>AO 3 series o" 57


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at is te En*iron+ental Co+7lian(e Certi(ateECC

:he ECC is a docment issed -y the >ENR *theSecretary or the RE>, certi"yin! that -ased on therepresentations o" the proponent and the preparers.

:he proposed pro?ect on nderta&in! %ill not caseany si!ni)cant ne!ative environmental impact#

:he proponent has complied %ith all the reJirementso" the Environmental Impact Statement *EIS,

:he proponent is committed to implement -oth itsapproved Environment ;ana!ement Plan *E;P, andany miti!atin! measres


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o issues an) sin te ECCsa, For Environmentally Critical Pro?ect *ECP,.

ECC are issed -y E;B

Si!ned -y the >ENR Secretary-, For Environmentally Critical Areas *ECA,

ECCs are issed -y >ENR Re!ionalOces

Si!ned -y the Re!ional E$ective>irector *RE>,


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Can 'roFe(t Be %+7le+ente)itout an ECC I" the pro?ects "all %ithin the

scope o" the EIS System+ itcannot -e implemented %ithot)rst secrin! an ECC

Bt pro?ects that do not "all%ithin the prvie% o" the EISSystemare e$empted


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at are te (riterias /or 7roFe(t to;e ee+7te) /ro+ se(urin an ECCa, It has minimal dischar!e o" %aste +

and the measrement o" sch %asteare relatively easy

-, It has a capitaliMation o" not morethan Php# +#

c, It employs not more than 7 persons


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Bt they shold apply "or Certi)cate o"E$emption "rom >ENR#

Some pro?ects may also -e e$empted -ythe President "or reasons o" nationalsecrity and international commitment


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'roFe(ts not Reuirin an ECC

5# A pro?ect that is not an ECP or notlocated %ithin an ECA

7# ECPs or pro?ects %ithin ECAsoperational prior to 5K7+ e$cept %here

their operations are e$panded in terms o"daily prodction capacity or area+ or theprocess is modi)ed

8# Contryside -siness or -aran!ayentities covered -y Qala&alan 7 -t!ood only "or )ve years "rom date o"re!istration


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%s tere a 7enalty /or not se(urinan ECC

Yes Presidential >ecree *P>, No# 5Kprovides the penalties "or not secrin!on ECC %ith the imposition o" a )nenotto e$ceed Php# +# and or the

issance o" a closre order#


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at are te

7ro(e)ures ino;tainin an ECC


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4L# C9AR 4#R ECCA''L%CA%#N


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!o(u+ents in te E%S S5SE"6hat are the types o" docments in the EISSystem and %hat shold they contain

a# Pro?ect >escription *P>,

a# :his is reJired i" a pro?ect is not an ECP-t shall -e located in an ECA

-# It is essentially a -rie" description o" thepro?ect and contains the "ollo%in!.

i# >escription o" sorces o" polltionii# Control measres "or sch

iii# Socio economic pro-lems


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-#

Environment Impact Statement *EIS,a# A more detailed and in'depth analysis o" the

environmental conseJences o" an ECP andshold contain the "ollo%in!.

i# >escription o" e$istin! environment1

ii# >escription o" the varios activities to-e nderta&en "or a particlar s-?ectand environmental parametersa4ected -y the same

iii# >iscssion o" alternatives1iv# >iscssion o" resorces necessary1

v# ;iti!atin! measres "or navoida-leimpacts#


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!ENR' >ept# o" Environment NatralResorcesE"B' Environmental ;ana!ement Brea o"the >ENR

E"'AS' Environment ;ana!ement Protective Areas Sector o" the >ENRCENR#' Commnity Environment NatralResorces Ocer o" the >ENR

'ENR#' Provincial Environment Natral

Resorces Ocer o" the >ENR

RE!' Re!ional E$ective >irector o" the >ENR


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'$BL%C C#NS$LA%#NS

:his shold -e initiated -y the proponentto ensre that the p-lic=s concerns are"lly inte!rated into the EIA process#


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'$BL%C 9EAR%NGS

Reuire) i/:5# :he ma!nitde o" the pro?ect is sch

that a !reat nm-er o" the people area4ected

7# :here is a montin! p-lic oppositiona!ainst the proposed pro?ect

8# :here is a %ritten reJest "or the

condct o" sch p-lic hearin! "romany o" the sta&eholders#


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CEASE I !ES%S #R!ER C!#

:he E;B >irector or the RE> may isse aC>O in order to prevent !rave orirrepara-le dama!e to the environment#

Said C>O shall ta&e e4ect immediately#An appeal or any motion see&in! to li"tthe C>O shall not stay its e4ectivity#


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4%NES, 'ENAL%ES I SANC%#NS5# For pro?ects esta-lished or operatin! %ithot an

ECC.'6ill -e closed thro!h the issance o" a C>O

'Fine. Not e$ceedin! P+ per violation

7# Pro?ects violatin! ECC conditions+ the E;Pprovisions or the >ENR r&es re!lations.

'6ill -e closed thro!h the issance o" a C>O

'Sspension or cancellation o" the ECC


8# ;isrepresentation in the EIS or other docments.

'Sspension or cancellation o" the ECC


'Proponent or preparer responsi-le shall -e solitarilylia-le "or the payment o" the )ne

'6ithdra%al o" the accreditation o" the preparer

9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A


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9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A'9EN#"EN#N

La NiKa: A Spanish %ord "or /the little

!irl0

:he e$treme coolin! o" theCentral and Eastern Paci)c

O"ten o-served a"ter an ElNiTo event

9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A


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9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A'9EN#"EN#N

El NiKo: Every time Christmas approaches

in Soth America+ the sea %ater

-ecomes %armer :he Pervian )sherman descri-e

the %armin! o" the sea %ater as

El NiTo A Spanish %ord "or /the little

-oy0


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9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A '9EN#"EN#NEl NiKo Soutern #s(illation ENS# An atmosphere distr-ance and

recrrent ocean %armin!

:his massive %armin! &ills many sea

-irds and )sh -y preventin! ntrient'richcold %ater "rom risin! to the sr"ace

It is lin&ed to Sothern Oscillation *SO,%hich is the relationship -et%een

atmosphere pressre %hich a4ects the%ind over the Sotheastern Paci)c+represented -y the Indian Ocean+ :ahitiand Astralia+ represented -y >ar%in


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9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A '9EN#"EN#N

4irst #((uren(e o/ El NiKo In 5

A %eather pattern that has

retrned 7K times %orld%idethe past centry

It occrs once every to K

years-t it comes earlier "rom8 to years


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9E EL N%# AN! LA N%A '9EN#"EN#N

Glo;al eDe(ts o/ El NiKo Besides the e4ect on marine %ater+

-lac&ish %ater+ and )shponds havealso -een a4ected de to redction

o" rain"all and increase in solidity o"tidal %ater

It -rin!s a host o" planetary climate

chan!es alterin! hi!h level %inds+and in some cases typhoons andstorms


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NA%#NAL GREEN%NG 'R#GRA"NG'' a >ENR pro?ect %hich aims to

plant 5# -illion trees coverin! a-ot5# million hectares over a period o"si$ years+ "rom 755 3 75


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RationaleForestland 3 5+KK+957 hectares

Actally Forested 3 +K9+ hectares+ only78D o" "orestland

Re"orestation Pro!ram *55'75years,.:otal area re"orested 3 5+8+9 hectares

only

Annal avera!e . 8K+ hectares

At an avera!e o" 8K+ hectares.

It %ill ta&e 75 yearsto re"orest K millionhectaresUUU


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NGP 755 V 57K+K hectares

End o" 77 V "orested area 3 K#8millionhectares

>e"orested Area 3 #98million hectares

5'year Financial Retrn on Investment.

' assmin!+ only 5D o" the 5# -illionseedlin! srvive#

' Each tree sold as %ere "el%ood W P7+

per c-ic meter' Potential Income 3 P8-illion


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>ENR=s GINESS 6OLR> RECOR> 3

-rea&in! ventre. /:ree


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LAS #4 9E G#3ERN"EN #NEN3%R#N"ENAL 'R#BLE"S AN!S$SA%NABLE !E3EL#'"EN

Philippine Constittion1

/the State shall protect and advancethe ri!ht o" the people to a -alancedand -eati"l ecolo!y in accordance%ith the rhythm and harmony o"

natre0

EN3%R#N"ENAL LAS #4 9E


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EN3%R#N"ENAL LAS #4 9E'9%L%''%NES

All the 5K -reas concerned %ith environmentand natral resorces are placed directly nder the>ENR

5# Lands ;ana!ement Brea *Formerly theBrea o" lands,

7# Forest ;ana!ement Brea *Formerly Brea o"Forest >evelopment and 6ood Indstry>evelopment Athority,

8# Ecosystem Research >evelopment Brea*;er!er o" the Forest Research Institte and thenational ;an!rove Committee,

EN3%R#N"ENAL LAS #4 9E


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EN3%R#N"ENAL LAS #4 9E'9%L%''%NES

9# Environmental ;ana!ement Brea *;er!ero" the National Environmental Concil+National Polltion Commission andEnvironmental Center o" the Philippines%hich %as "ormerly nder the ;inistry o"2man Settlements,

# ;ines and Geo'Sciences Brea *;er!er o"the Brea o" mines and Geo'Science

;iniral Resorces >evelopment Board andthe Gold ;inin! Indstry >evelopmentBoard,

# Protect Areas and 6ildli"e Brea *Formerly

>ivision o" PAR,

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


91/101

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N'#LL$%#N

Rep-lic Act + or the :o$icS-stances and 2aMardos and

Nclear 6astes Control Act o" 5+%hich prohi-its the importation+stora!e+ or transport o" to$ic o"nclear %astes into or thro!h thePhilippines#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


92/101


RA K+ or the National Inte!ratedProtected Areas System La% *NIPAS,+ %hichaims "or -iodiversity conservation and

sstaina-le development a!ainst a-ac&drop o" the rapid loss o" "orest coverand other critical areas# :he la% inte!ratesnatral resorces mana!ement and

protection o" the plants and animals inecolo!ically sensitive areas li&e nationalpar&s+ !ame re"!es+ and %ildli"esanctaries thro!hot the contry

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


93/101


2ose Bill K+ or the Imposition o"Environmental 2aMard Fee+ %hichpenaliMes all chemical+ thermal and

indstrial plants and "actories "ondto -e violatin! environmentalprotection la%s#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


94/101


2B K77+ or the Act to Revise thePhilippine Environment Code+ %hichendorse emission and %ater polltion

char!e systems -y promotin!cooperation and sel"'re!lationamon! indstries and mar&et'-ased

instrments#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


95/101


2ose Resoltion + or theinvesti!ation re'polltion o" indstrialesta-lishments operatin! %ithot

%astes treatment "acilities

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


96/101


R#A No# 8 or the Solid 6aste;ana!ement Act o" 7+ nder the!ar-a!e se!re!ation scheme+

hosehold and commercial %astesshold -e classi)ed into %et and drycate!ories -e"ore they collected -y

the !ar-a!e collectors#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


97/101


>ENR >epartment AdministrativeOrder 7K+ or the Interim Gidelines "or

the Importation o" Recycla-le;aterials Containin! 2aMardosS-stances#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


98/101


>ENR Administrative Order *>AO, No#7'5K on Chemical Control "orOMone'depletin! S-stances#

G#3ERN"EN LAS #N


99/101


RA K9 or the Clean Air Act o" 5%hich -ans almost all "orms o"!ar-a!e incineration and imposes

hi!her emission standards on oilprodcts to lo%er the amont o"polltion they !enerate#

RA 73 Clean 6ater Act *79,thataims to protect the contry=s %ater-odies "rom polltion o" land -ased

sorces

S$""AR%%NG 9E BAS%C 'R%NC%'LES #4EC#L#G5


100/101

EC#L#G5Balan(e o/ Nature/Natre are maintained -y a set o" !eneral la%s and

processes0

!i*ersity/All "orms o" li"e are important in their o%n ri!ht0

%nter)e7en)en(e/Everythin! is related to everythin! else0

Cane

/Everythin! chan!es# Some chan!es enhance the natralstate o" the environment+ others de!rade it0

S$""AR%%NG 9E BAS%C 'R%NC%'LES #4


101/101

S$""AR%%NG 9E BAS%C 'R%NC%'LES #4EC#L#G5

'ollution/n%anted materials mst !o some%here0

4initeness o/ Resour(es

/Ors is a )nite earth0

'o7ulation !yna+i(s/Natral poplations are s-?ect to la%s o" control0

Stear)si7/2mans are part o" natre. they mst learn to ta&e care o"it0

Documents

1. Basic Principles of Ecologyslides