1 APA Citations: The Method to the Madness Brittany Kallman Arneson, M.A

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APA Citations: The Method to the Madness

Brittany Kallman Arneson, M.A.

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What to Expect

• Time• Questions/Answers• Technical issues? Go to

http://support.citrixonline.com/en_US/GoToTraining

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Overview

• How and why is APA different from other citation styles?

• Reference list examples• In-text citation examples• Questions

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Poll: Does Formatting Matter?

Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal

of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253

Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal

of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.

Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-

Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.

http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.

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Same information, different audiences








APA

MLA

Chicago

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Why all the rules?

• Couldn’t there just be one overarching style?• Each style communicates the same

information, so why are there formatting rules at all?

• Why do instructors and writing tutors seem to care so much about correct APA style?

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Consistency

• Assists readers in recognizing a writer's ideas and information; allows writers to express themselves clearly and easily to readers.

• Helps you engage your readers, so they can focus on your ideas, not formatting inconsistencies.

• Choose one rule and stick with it.

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APA style is designed specifically to communicate information about your field to an audience of scholars in your same field.

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Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.”

Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.




Author

APA

MLA

Chicago

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The Role of the Author

• Author’s identity is less important than data in social sciences.

• Social scientists examine trends in data, rather than following the work of an individual author.

• A social science audience doesn’t need to know the author’s first name.

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Publication Year

APA

MLA

Chicago

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Data Relevance

• A study published in 1940 is not equal to a study published in 2011.

• Year of study helps reader evaluate its relevance to his or her own research.

• In social sciences, year study was published is more important than author identity.

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Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.”

Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.

Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-



APA

MLA

Chicago

Article Title

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Purpose of Title

• To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee• Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise:

Grounded theory in counseling psychology research, by R.E. Fassinger

• Title of novel is poetic, metaphorical• Title of article is informative, descriptive• Sentence case improves ability to scan for

information

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Journal Formatting: No Method to this Madness

• Sometimes rules are just rules.• Memorize APA formatting for journal

information.• Example: Best Journal Ever, 14(2), 13-15.

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Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-



APA

MLA

Chicago

Web Retrieval Information

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Source Retrieval

• The previous edition of the APA manual required authors to provide information about the database where they found a source.

• However, not every reader has access to every database.

• APA now requires either a DOI or the direct URL to the journal website.

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Your “Aha” Moment!

• APA formatting rules aren’t random.• Following the rules correctly helps you

communicate your specific content to fellow scholars in your field.

• Questions so far?

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In-Text Citations

• Give information in the body of the paper that reader can use to locate source in reference list.

• Help you give proper credit to other sources.• Show that your topic is relevant!• Are MUCH simpler than reference formatting.

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Reference → In-Text Citation

Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253

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• Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253

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3 Consistent Components

• Last name(s) of author or authors• Publication year• Page or paragraph number, only for direct

quotations (not paraphrases)

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Parenthetical vs. In-Sentence Citations

• Parenthetical citations come at the end of the sentence, in parentheses.

• Example: “When students eat chocolate, their writing improves” (Kallman Arneson, 2012, p. 12).

• In-sentence citations are included as part of your sentence.

• Example: Kallman Arneson (2012) found that when students ate chocolate, their writing improved.

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Discussion board posting

Godmother, F. (2010, June 29). Re: Pumpkin

enchantment [Online discussion group]. Retrieved

from

http://laureate.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?

CourseID=2321812&Survey=1&47=2565415&Clien

tNodeID=404183&

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Correct Answer: A

(Godmother, 2010, para. 2).

• All information goes inside parentheses in a parenthetical citation

• Components of citation are separated by commas

• In non-paginated source, use paragraph numbers.

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Video embedded in a course

Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The

art being a French elephant [Video webcast].

Retrieved from

http://www.madeupwaldenvideos.com

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Correct Answer: B

(Laureate Education, Inc., 2010).

• Producer’s name goes in author slot• Include full name of producer or authoring

organization the first time, but use an acronym in each subsequent reference if using it throughout the paper

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Video embedded in a course

Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The

art being a French elephant [Video webcast].

Retrieved from

http://www.madeupwaldenvideos.com

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Correct Answer: A

Babar reviewed how to wear a beret (LaureateEducation, Inc., 2010).

• Refer to speaker’s name in body of sentence• Still use producer name in parenthetical

reference.• Key is giving reader the context for what you

are discussing.

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Course lecture notes

Professor, A., & Instructor, B. (2010). Silly

reference examples and student engagement

[Lecture notes]. Retrieved from

http://www.exactURLofthenotes.com

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Correct Answer: C

(Professor & Instructor, 2010).

• No need for page numbers when paraphrasing.

• Use ampersand (&) inside parentheses, but spell out “and” outside parentheses.

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Walden Website Resources

http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/36.htm

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Publication Year Rules

• Only include the publication year for the first sentence citation of a source. Any subsequent in-sentence citations in that paragraph don’t need to include the year.

• If you begin a new paragraph, the rule starts over.

• Always include the year in a parenthetical citation.

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Questions?

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Resources

writingcenter.waldenu.edu

APA or writing [email protected]

Webinar [email protected]

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THE END!

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1 APA Citations: The Method to the Madness Brittany Kallman Arneson, M.A