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+ 2(,1 1/,1(Citation: 36 Stat. 2277 1904-1911

Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org)Fri Jun 22 17:18:04 2012

-- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License

-- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

Convention between the United States and other Powers respecting the'laws and customs of war on (and. Signed at The 1]ague Octor18, 1907; ratiftcation advised by the Senate J1'arch 10, 1908; ratifiedby the President of the United State, February 23, 1909; ratificationdeposited with the Netherlands Government November 27, 1909;proclaimed Februafry 28, 1910.

BY THE PRE9SIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A PROCLAMATION.

Whereas a Convention respecting the laws and customs of waron land was concluded and signed at The Hague on October 18,1907, by the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States ofAmerica, Germany, the Argentine Republic, Austria-Hungary,Belgim, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark,the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Great Britain, Greece,Guatemala, Haiti, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Montenegro,Norway, Panama, Paraguay, the Netherlands, Peru, Persia, Portugal,Roumania, Russia, Salvador, Servia, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, Uruguay, and Venezuela, the original of which Convention,being in the French language, is word for word as follows:

[Translat;on.]

CONVENTION

CONCERNANT LES LOIS ET COU-TUMES DE LA GUERRE SURTERRE.

SA NIA JESTt L'EMPEREURD'ALLEMAGNE, ROI DEPRUSSE; LE PRESIDENTDES ETATS-UNIS D'AMERI-QUE; LE PRt SIDENT DE LAREPUBLIQUE ARGENTINE;9A MAJESTEP L'EMPEREURD'AUTRICHE, ROI DE BO-IIRME ETC., ET ROT APOS-TOLIQUE DE IIONGRIE; SAMAJESTE, LE ROI DES BEL-GES; _ LE PRESIDENT DELA REPUBLIQUE DE BOLI-VIE; LE PRESIDENT DE LAREPUBLIQUE DES RTATS-UNIS DU BRESIL: SON AL-TESSE ROYALE LE PRINCEDE BULGARIE; LE PRi SI-

CONVENTION

RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUS-TOMS OF WAR ON LAND.

His Majesty the German Em- ContractingPowers.peror, King of Prussia; the Presi-dent of the United States ofAmerica; the President of theArgentine Republic; His Majestythe Emperor of Austria, King ofBohemia, &c., and Apostolic Kingof Hungary; Hir Majesty the Kingof the Belgians; the President ofthe Republic of Bolivia; the Presi-dent of the Republic of the UnitedStates of Brazil; His Royal High-ness the Prince of Bulgaria; thePresident of the Republic of Chile;the President of the Republic ofColombia; the Provisional Gov-ernor of the Republic of Cuba;His Majesty the King of Denmark;

2277

October 18, 1907.

War on land.Preamble.

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228 CON'\ENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

DENT DE LA RRfPUTBLIQUEDE CHILI; LE PRf1,SIDENTDE LA REPUBLIQUE DE CO-LOMBIE; LE GOTJVERNEURPROVISOIRE DE LA R8PU-BLIQUE DE CUBA; SA MA-JESTE LE ROI DE DANE-MARK; LE PRRSIDENT DELA REPUBLIQUE DOMINI-CAINE; LE PRESIDENT DELA RIRPUBLIQUE DE L'E-QUATEUR; LE PRIESIDENTDE LA REPUBLIQUE FRAN-QAISE; SA MAJESTE LEROI DU ROYAUME - UNIDE GRANDE BRETAGNE ETD'IRLANDE ET DES TERRI-TOIRES BRITANNIQUESAU DEL. DES MERS, EMPE-REUR DES INDES; SA MA-JESTR LE ROI DES HEL-LUNES; LE PRISIDENT DELA RRPUBLIQUE DE GUATiR-MALA; LE PRESIDENT DELA REPUBLIQUE D'HATTI;SA MAJESTE LE ROT D'ITA-LIE; SA MAJESTl L'EMPE-REUR DU JAPON; SON AL-TESSE ROYALE LE GRAND-DUO DE LUXEMBOURG,DUC DE NASSAU; LE PRiRSI-DENT DES RTATS-UNIS ME-XICAINS; SON ALTESSEROYALE LE PRINCE DEMONTEENGRO; SA MAJEST]LE ROI DE NORVtGE; LEPRESIDENT DE LA REFI-BLIQUE DE PANAMA; LBPRESIDENT DB LA RE@PU-BLIQUE DU PARAGUAY; SAMAJESTE LA REINE DESPAYS-BAS; LE PRESIDENTDE LA REPUBLIQUE DUPEROU; SA MAJESTE IM-P]RIALE LE SCHAH DEPERSE; SA MAJESTP, LEROI DE PORTUGAL ET DESALGARVES ETC.; SA MA-JESTR LE 'ROI DE ROUMA-NIE; SA MAJESTR L'EMPE-REUR DE TOUTES LES RUS-STES; LE PRESIDENT DE LARPUBLIQUE. DU SALVA-DOR; SA MAJESTPE LE ROIDE SERBIE; SA MAJESTE LEROI DE SIAM; SA MAJESTELE ROI DE SUEDE; LE CON-SEIL FEDtIRAL SUISSE; SAMAJESTR L'EMPEREUR DESOTTOMANS; LE PRESIDENT

the President of the DominicanRepublic; the President of theRepublic of Ecuador; the Presi-dent of the French Republic; HisMajesty the King of the UnitedKingdom of Great Britain andIreland and of the British Domin-ions beyond the Seas, Emperor ofIndia; His Majesty the King ofthe Heilenes; the President of theRepublic of Guatemala; the Presi-dent of the Republic of Haiti;His Majesty the King of Italy;His Majesty the Emperor ofJapan; His Royal Highness theGrand Duke of Luxemburg, Dukeof Nassau; the President of thethe United States of Mexico; HisRoyal Highness the Prince ofMontenegro; His Majesty theKing of Norway; the President ofthe Republic of Panama; thePresident of the Republic of Para-guay; Her Majesty the Queen ofthe Netherlands; the President ofthe Republic of Peru; His Impe-rial Majesty the Shah of Persia;His Majesty the King of Portugaland of the Algarves, &c.; HisMajesty the King of Roumania;I-Es Majesty the Emperor of Allthe Russias; the President of theRepublic of Salvador; His Maj-esty the King of Servia; His Maj-esty the King of Siam; His Maj-esty the King of Sweden; theSwiss Federal Council; His Maj-esty the Emperor of the Otto-mans; the President of the Orien-tal Republic of Uruguay; thePresident of the United States ofVenezuela:

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

DE LA RR PUBLIQUE ORIEN-TALE DE L'URUGUAY; LEPRISIDENT DES tRTATS-UNIS DE VENtZURLA:

Consid6rant que, tout en re-cherchant les moyens de sauve-garder la paix et de revenir lesconflits arm~s entre es nations,il importe de se pr6occuper 6gale-ment du cas ou l'appel aux armesserait amen6 par des 6v~nementsque leur sollicitude n'aurait pud6tourner;

Anim~s du d~sir de servirencore, dans cette hypoth~se ex-treme, les int~r~ts de l'humanit6et les exigences toujours pro-gressives de la civilisation;

Estimant qu'il importe, b cettefin, de r6viser les lois et coutumesg6n6rales de la guerre, soit dansle but de les d~finir avee plus depr~cision, soit afin d'y tracer cer-tames limites destin6es h en res-treindre autant que possible lesrigueurs;

Ont jug6 n~cessaire de corn-plater et de preciser sur certains

Soints l'ceuvre de la Premiereonf6rence de la Paix qui, s'ins-

pirant, A la suite de la Confe-rence do Bruxelles de 1874, deces id6es recommand6es par unesage et g6n6reuse pr6voyance,a adopt6 des dispositions ayantpour objeb de d6finir et de r6glereos usages de la guerre sur terre.

Solon les vues des HautesParties contractantes, ces dispo-sitions, dont la r6daction a t6inspir6e par le d6sir de diminuerles maux de la guerre, autant queles n6cessit6s militaires le per-mettent, sont destinies a servirde r~gle generale de conduite auxbellig6rants, dans leurs rapportsentre eux et avec les populations.

I1 n'a pas 6 possible toutefoisde concerter d~s maintenant desstipulations s'6tendant h toutesles circonstances qui se pr6sententdans la pratique;

D'autre part, i1 ne pouvaitentrer dans les intentions desHautes Parties contractantes queles cas non prevus fussent, fautede stipulation 6crite, laiss6es bl'appr~ciation arbitraire de ceuxqui dirigent les arm6es.

En attendant qu'un Code pluscomplet des lois de la guerre

Seeing that, while seeking . Purpose of conen-means to preserve peace and pre- ton.

vent armed conflicts between na-tions, it is likewise necessary tobear in mind the case where theappeal to arms has been broughtabout by events which their carewas unable to avert;

Animated by the desire toserve, even in this extreme case,the interests of humanity and theever progressive needs of civiliza-tion;

Thinking it important, withthis object, to revise the generallaws and customs of war, eitherwith a view to defining them withgreater precision or to confiningthem within such limits as wouldmitigate their severity as far aspossible;

Have deemed it necessary tocomplete and explain in certainp articulars the work of the First

eace Conference, which, follow-ing on the Brussels Conference of1874, and inspired by the ideasdictated by a wise and generousforethought, adopted provisions Vol. 32, p. 1803.intended to define and govern theusages of war on land.

According to the views of theHigh Contracting Parties, theseprovisions, the wording of wlichhas been inspired by the desire todiminish the evils of war, as far asmilitary requirements permit, areintended to serve as a general ruleof conduct for the belligerents intheir mutual relations and in theirrelations with the inhabitants.

It has not, however, been foundpossible at present to concertRegulations covering all the cir-cumstances which arise in prac-tice;

On the other hand, the HighContracting Parties clearly do notintend that unforeseen casesshould, in the absence of a writtenundertaking, be left to the arbi-trary judgment of military com-manders.

Until a more complete code ofthe laws of war has been issued,

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

puisse 6tre 6dict6, les Hautesarties contractantes jugent op-

portun de constater que, dans lescas non compris dans les disposi-tions r~glernentaires adoptees parElles, les populations et les bel-lig~rants restent sous la sauve-garde et sous l'empire des prin-cipes du droit des gens, tels qu'ilsresultent des usages 6tablis entrenations civilis6es, des lois de I'hu-manit6 et des exigences de la con-science publique.

Elles d~clarent que c'est dansce sens que doivent s'entendrenotamment les articles 1 et 2 duRgglement adopt6.

Les Hautes Parties contrac-tantes, dsirant conclure une nou-velle Convention A cet effet, ontnomm6 pour Leurs Pl6nipoten-tiaires, savoir:

SA MTAJESTE L'EMPEREUR D'ALLE-MAGNE, ROI DE PRUSSE:

Son Excellence le baron Mar-schall de Bieberstein, Son minis-tre d'6tat, Son ambassadeur ex-traordinaire et pl~nipotentiaire AConstantinople;

M. le dr. Johannes Kriege, Sonenvoy6 en mission extraordinaireA la pr6sente Conference, Son con-seiller intime de l6gation et juris-consulte au ministgre Imp6rialdes affaires etranggres, membrede la cour permanente d'arbi-trage.

LE PRI SIDENT DES ETATS-UNISD'AMERIQUE:

Son Excellence M. Joseph H.Choate, ambassadeur extraordi-naire;

Son Excellence M. Horace Por-ter, ambassadeur extraordinaire;

Son Excellence Ml. Uriah. M.Rose, ambassadeur extraordi-naire;

Son Excellence M. David JayneHill, envoye extraordinaire etministre plenipotentiaire de laR6oublique h La Haye;

1i. Charles S. Sperry, contre-amiral, ministre plenipotentiaire;

M. Georges B. Davis, g6neralde brigade, chef de la justice mili-taire de 1'arnge f6derale, minis-tre plenipotentiaire;M. William I. Buchanan, mi-

nistre pl~nipotentiaire.

the High Coitracting Partiesdeem it expedient to declare that,in cases not included in the Regu-lations adopted by them, the. in-habitants and the belligerents re-main under the protection andthe rule of the principles of thelaw of nations, as they resultfrom the usages establishedamong civilized peoples, from thelaws of humanity, and the dic-tates of the public conscience.

They declare that it is in thissense especially that Articles 1 and2 of the Regulations adoptedmust be understood.

The High Contracting Parties,wishing to conclude a fresh Con-vention to this effect, have ap-pointed the following as theirPlenipotentiaries:-

[Here follow the names of Pleni-potentiaries.]

Post, p. 2290.

Plenipotentiaries.

'2280

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CONVENTION--WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907. 2281

LE PRE SIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE PIenipotentiaries-ARGENTIN E:

Son Excellence M. Roque SaenzPefia, ancien ministre des affaires6trang~res, envoy6 extraordi-naire et ministre pl6nipotentiairede la R6publique h Rome, mem-bre de la cour permanente d'arbi-trage;

Son Excellence M. Luis M.Drago, ancien ministre des af-faires 6trang6res et des cultes dela R6publique, d~put6 national,membre de la cour permanented' arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. Carlos Ro-driguez Larreta, ancien ministredes affaires ftranggres et descultes de la R6publique, membrede la cour permanente d'arbi-trage.

SA MAJESTE L'EMPEREU1 D'AU-TRICHE, ROI DE BOHAME, ETC.,ET ROI APOSTOLIQUE DE HON-GRIE:

Son Excellence M. Ga~tanM6rey de Kapos-M~re, Son con-seiller intime, Son ambassadeurextraordinaire et pl6nipotentiaire;

Son Excellence M. le baronCharles de Macchio, Son envoy6extraordinaire et ministre pl6ni-potentiaire , Ath~nes.

SA MAJESTE LE ROI DES BELGES:

Son Excellence M. Beernaert,Son ministre d'6tat, membre de lachambre des repr6sentants, mem-bre de l'institut de France et desacad6mies Royales de Belgique etde Roumanie, membre d'honneurde l'institut do droit international,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. J. Van denIleuvel, Son ministre d'6tat, an-cien ministre de la justice;

Son Excellence M. le baronGuillaume, Son envoyv extraor-dinaire et ministre plnipoten-tiaire h La Have, membre del'acad6mie Royale de Roumanie.

LE PRIESIDENT DE LA RLPUBLIQUEDE BOLIVIE:

Son Excellence M. Claudio Pi-nilla, ministre des affaires 6tran-

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2282 CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1901.

Plenipotentiaries- g6res de la R6publique, membre deContinued. la cour permanente d'arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. Fernando E.Guachalla, ministre pl6nipoten-tiaire A Londres.

LE PR 1SIDENT DE LA R-PITBLIQUEDES tTATS-UNIS DU BRESIL:

SonExcellence M. Ruy Barbosa,ambassadeur extraordinaire etpl6nipotentiaire, membre do lacour permanente d'arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. Eduardo F.S. dos Santos Lisb6a, envoy6 ex-traordinaire et ministre pl6nipo-tentiaire b La Haye.

SON ALTESSE ROYAL LBE PRINCEDE BULGARIE:

M. Vrban Vinaroff, g6n4ral-major de l'6tat-major, Son g6n&-ral h la suite;

M. Ivan Karandjouloff, pro-cureur-g6neral de la cour de cas-sation.

LE PR SIDENT DE LA RPPUBLIQUEDE CHILI:

Son Excellence M. DomingoGana, envoy6 extraordinaire etministre plgnipotentiaire de laR6publique 4 Londres;

Son Excellence M. AugustoMatte, envoy6 extraordinaire etministre pl6nipotentiaire de laR6publique h Berlin;

Son Excellence M. Carlos Con-cha, ancien ministre de la guerre,ancien pr6sident do la chambredes d6put6s, ancien envoy6 extra-ordinaire et ministre pl6nipoten-tiaire h Buenos Aires.

LE PRIESIDENT DE LA RkPUBLIQUEDE COLOMBIE:

M. Jorge Holguin, g6neral;M. Santiago P6rez Triana;Son Excellence M. Marceliano

Vargas, g6n6ral, envoy6 extraor-dinaire et ministre plenipoten-tiaire de la R6publique h Paris.

LE GOUVERNEUR PROVISOIRE DELA RPUBLIQUE DE CUBA:

M. Antonio Sanchez de Busta-mante, professeur de droit inter-national h, l'universit6 de la Ha-vane, s6nateur de la Rgpublique;

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907. 2283Son Excellence M. Gonzalo do Plenipotentiaries-

Quesada Y Ar6stegui, envoy6 Continued.

extraordinaire et ministre pl~ni-potentiaire de la R6publique iWashington;

M. Manuel Sanguily, anciendirecteur do l'institut d'enseigne-ment secondaire de la Havane,senateur de Ia R6publique.

SA MAJESTIE LE ROI DE DANEMARK:

Son Excellence M. ConstantinBrun, Son chambellan, Son en-voy6 extraordinaire et ministrepl6nipotentiaire A Washington;

M. Christian Frederik Scheller,contre-arniral;

M. Axel Vedel, Son chambellan,chef do section au minist6re Royaldes affaires 6trahg6res.

LE PRESIDENT DE LA RPUBIQU-MDOMINICAINE:

M. Francisco Henriquez y Car-vajal, ancien secr~taire d'6tat auminist~re des affaires etrang~resde la R6publique, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage;

M. Apolinar Tejera, recteur del'institut professionnel de la R-publique, membre de la courpermanente d'arbitrage.

LE PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUEDE L' fQUATEUR:

Son Excellence M. Victor Ren-d6n, envoy6 extraordinaire etministre pl.nipotentiaire do laRdpublique A Paris et 4 Madrid;

M. Enrique Dorn y Alstia,charge d'affaires.

LE PRESIDENT DE LA RLPUBLIQUEFRAN(AISE:

Son Excellence M. L6on Bour-geois, ambassadeur extraordinairedo la R6publique, s6nateur, an-cien pr6sident du conseil desministres, ancien ministre desaffaires ftrangrres, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage;

M. le baron d'Estournelles deConstant, s~nateur, ministre plS-nipotentiaire de premiere classe,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage;

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2284 CONVENTION--WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER I8, 1907.

I' ipotentiaries- M. Louis Renault, professeurContiniud. h. la facult4 de droit h l'universit6

de Paris, ministre pl~nipoten-tiaire hononaire, jurisconsulte duminist~re des affaires 6trang~res,membre de l'institut de France,membre de la cour permanented' arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. MarcellinPellet, envoy4 extraordinaire etministre pl6nipotentiaire de laR6publique Frangaise La Haye.

SA MAJESTA LIE R0I DU ROYAUME-UNI DE GRANDE BRETAGNE ETD'IRLANDE ET DES TERRITOI-RES BRITANNIQUES AU DEU2DES MERS, EMPEREUR DESINDES:

Son Excellence the RightHonourable Sir Edward Fry, G.C. B., membre du conseil priv6,Son ambassadeur extraordinaire,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage;

Son Excellence the RightHonourable Sir Ernest MasonSatow, G. C. Ml. G., membre duconseil priv6, membre de la courpermanente d' arbitrage;

Son Excellence the RightHonourable Donald James Mac-kay Baron Reay, G. C. S. I.,G. C. I. E., membre de conseilpriv6, ancien president de l'insti-tut de droit international;

Son Excellence Sir HenryHowvard, K. C. M. G.: C. B., Sonenvoy6 extraordinaire et ministrepl6nipotentiaire h La Haye.SA MAJESTL LE 1I DES HELLENES:

Son Excellence MI. Cl6on RizoRangab6, Son envoy6 extraordi-naire et ministre pl~nipotentiaireA Berlin;

M. Georges Streit, professeur dedroit international b l'universit6d'Ath~nes, membre de la courpermanente d'arbitrage.LE PRLSIDENT DE LA R]PUBLIQUE

DE GUAT MALA:

M. Jose Tible Machado, charg6d'affaires de ]a R6publique h LaHaye et A. Londres, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage;

M. Enrique G6mez Carillo,charg6 d'affaires de la R6publiquea Berlin.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OcToBER 18, 1907. 2285LE PRESIDENT DE LA RE PUBLIQUE Plenipotentiaries-

D'IIAITI : Continued.

Son Excellence M. Jean JosephDalb6mar, envoy6 extraordinaireet ministre pl6nipotentiaire de laR6publique h Paris;

Son Excellence M. J. N. Leger,envoy6 extraordinaire et ministreplgnipotentiaire de la R6publiqueA Washington;

M. Pierre Hudicourt, ancienprofesseur de droit internationalpublic, avocat au barreau de Portau Prince.

SA MAJESTA LE ROI D'ITALIE:

Son Excellence le Comte Jo-seph Tornielli Brusati Di Vergano,S6nateur du Rovaume, ambassa-deur de Sa Majest6 le Roi i Paris,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage, pr6sident de la d616-gation Italienne;

Son Excellence M. le coniman-deur Guido Pompilj, d6put6 anparlement, sous-secr6taire d'6tatau ministare Royal des affaires6trangres;

M. le commandeur Guido Fusi-nato, conseiller d'6tat, d6put6 anp arlement, ancien ministre de,instruction.

SA MAJESTE L EMPEREUR DUJAPON:

Son Excellence M. KeirokuTsudzuki, Son ambassadeur ex-traordinaire et pl6nipotentiaire;

Son Excellence M. Aimaro Sato,Son envoy6 extraordinaire et mi-nistre pltaipotentiaire A LaHaye.

SON ALTESSE ROYALE LE GRANDDUO DE LUXEMBOURG, DUC DENASSAU:

Son Excellence M. Eyschen,Son ministre d'6tat, president duGouvernement Grand Ducal;

M. le comte de Villers, charg6d'affaires du Grand-Duch6 aBerlin.

LE PRESIDENT DES ETATS-UNISMEXICAINS:

Son Excellence M. Gonzalo A.Esteva, envoy6 extraordinaire etministre pl6nipotentiaire do laR6publique a Rome;

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2286 CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1901.

Plenipotentiaries- Son Excellence M. SebastianContinued. B. de Mier, envoy6 extraordinaire

et ministre pl6nipotentiaire de laR6publique A Paris;

Son Excellence M. Francisco L.de la Barra, envoy6 extraordi-naire et ministre pl6nipotentiairede la Republique h Bruxelles eth La Haye.

SON ALTESSE ROYALE LE PRINCEDE MONTANkGRO:

Son Excellence M. Nelidow,conseiller priv6 Imp6rial actuel,ambassadeur de Sa Majest6 l'Em-

ereur de Toutes les Russies h,aris;Son Excellence M. de Martens,

conseiller priv6 Imp6rial, membrepermanent du conseil du minis-t0re Imp6rial des affaires 6tran-g~res de Russie;

Son Excellence M. Tcharykow,conseiller d'6tat Imp6rial actuel,envoy6 extraordinaire et ministrepl6nipotentiaire de Sa Majest6'Empereur de Toutes les Russies

hLa Haye.

SA MAJESTE LE ROI DE NORVhGR:

Son Excellence M. FrancisHagerup, ancien pr6sident du con-seil: ancien professeur de droit,Son envoy6 extraordinaire etministre pl6nipoteitiaire & LaHay et & Copenhague, membrede la cour premanente d'arbitrage.LE PRESIDENT DE LA RlkPUBLIQUE

DE PANAMA:

M. Belisario Porras.

LE PRESIDENT DE LA RPPUBLIQU-BDU PARAGUAY:

Son Excellence M. EusebioMachain, envoy6 extraordinaireet ministre pl6nipotentiaire de laR6publique b Paris;

M. le comte G. Du Monceau deBergendal, consul de la R~puoblique & Bruxelles.

SA MAJESTk LA REINE DES PAYS-BAS:

M. W. H. de Beaufort, Sonancien ministre des affaires 6tran-

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

gres, membre de la secondechambre des 6tats-g6n6raux;

Son Excellence M. T. M. C.Asser, Son ministre d'tat, mem-bre du conseil d'6tat, membre dela cour permanente d'arbitrage;

Son Excellence le jonkheer J.C. C. den Beer Poortugael, lieu-tenant-gneral en retraite, ancienministre de la guerre, membre duconseil d'6tat;

Son Excellence le jonkheer J.A. RWell, Son aide de camp enservice extraordinaire, vice-amiralen retraite, ancien ministre de lamarine;

M. J. A. Loeff, Son ancien mi-nistre de la justice, membre de laseconde chambre des 6tats g6n&-raux.

LE PRISmENT DE LA RfLPUBLIQUEDU PROU:

Son Excellence M. Carlos G.Candamo, envoy6 extraordinaireet ministre pl~nipotentiaire de laR~publique 6 Paris et h Londres,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage.

SA MAJESTA1 IMPERIALE LE SCHAMDE PERSE:

Son Excellence Samad KhanMomtazos Saltaneh, Son envoy6extraordinaire et ministre pl6ni-potentiaire & Paris, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage;

Son Excellence Mirza AhmedKhan Sadigh Ul Mulk, Son envoy6extraordinaire et ministre pl6ni-potentiaire b La Haye.SA MAJEST]k LE ROI DE PORTUGAL

ET DES ALGARVES, ETC.:

Son Excellence M. le marquisde Soveral, Son conseiller d'6tat,pair du Royaume, ancien ministredes affaires 6trang~res, Son en-voy6 extraordinaire et ministrepl6nipotentiaire A Londres, Sonambassadeur extraordinaire etplenipotentiaire;

Son Excellence M. le comte doSelir, Son envoy6 extraordinaireet ministre pl6nipotentiaire b LaHaye;

Plenipotentarles-Continued.

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2288 CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

Plenipotentiaries- Son Excellence 'M. AlbertoContinued. (I'Oliveira, Son envoy6 extraordi-

naire et ministre pl6nipotentiaireA Berne.

SA MAJESTE, LE ROI DE ROUMANIE:

Son Excellence M. AlexandreBeldiman, Son envoy6 extraordi-naire et ministre pl6nipotentiairea Berlin;

Son Excellence MT. Edgar Ma-vrocordato, Son envoy6 extraor-dinaire et ministre plgnipoten-tiaire k La Haye.

SA MAJESTA L'EMPEREUR DETOUTES LES RUSSIES:

Son Excellence M. Nelidow,Son conseiller priv6 actuel, Sonambassadeur a Paris;

Son Excellence M. de Martens,Son conseiller priv6, membre per-manent du conseil du ministereImp6rial des affaires dtrang~res,membre de ]a cour permanented'arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. Tcharykow,Son conseiller d'6tat actuel, Sonchambellan, Son euvoy6 extraor-dinaire et ministre pl6nipoten-tiaire a La Haye.

LE PRiSrDENT DE LA RtPUBLIQUEDU SALVADOR:

M. Pedro I. Matheu, charg6d'affaires de ]a Republique aParis, membre de la cour perma-nente d'arbitrage;

M. Santiago Perez Triana,charg6 d'affaires de la R6pu-blique a Londres.

SA MAJESTIE LE ROI DE SERBIE:

Son Excellence 'M. SavaGrouitch, g6n6ral, pr6sident duconseil d'6tat;

Son Excellence M. MilovanMilovanovitch, Son envoy6 ex-traordinaire et ministre pl6nipo-tentiaire a Rome, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage.

Son Excellence M. Michel Mili-tchevitch, Son envoy6 extraordi-naire et ministre pl~nipotentiairea Londres et A, La Haye.

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CONVENTION--WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907. 2289

SA MAJEST LE ROT DE SIAM: Plenjpotentiaries-Continued.

Mom Chatidej Udom, major-g6n6ral;

M. C. Corragioni d'Orelli, Sonconseiller de l6gation;

Luang Bhuvanarth Nardibal,capitaine.

SA MAJESTE LE ROI DE SUEDE, DESGOTHS ET DES VENDES:

Son Excellence M. Knut Hjal-mar Leonard Mammarskjold, Sonancien ministre de la justice, Sonenvoy6 extraordinaire et ministrepl6nipotentiaire A Copenhague,membre de la cour permanented'arbitrage;

M. Johannes Hellner, Son an-cien ministre sans portefeuille,ancien membre de la cour su-preme de Suede, membre de lacour permanente d'arbitrage.

LE CONSEIL FEDERAL SUISSE:

Son Excellence M. Gaston Car-lin, envoy6 extraordinaire et mi-nistre pl~nipotentiaire de la Con-f6d6ration suisse h Londres et bLa Haye;

M. Eugene Borel, colonel d'6tatmajor-g6n6ral, professeur h l'uni-versite de Gen~ve;

M. Max Huber, professeur dedroit h l'universit6 de Zarich.

SA MAJESTE L EMPEREUIR DESOTTOMANS:

Son Excellence Turkhan Pacha,Son ambassadeur extraordinaire,ministre de l'evkaf;

Son Excellence Rechid Bey,Son ambassadeur a Rcme;

Son Excellence Mehemmed Pa-cha, vice-amiral.

LE PR SIDENT DE LA REIPUBLIQUEORIENTALE DE L URUGUAY:

Son Excellence M. Jos6 Batlley Ordofiez, ancien president de laR6publique, membre de la courpermanente d'arbitrage;

Son Excellence M. Juan P.Castro, ancien president du s6nat,envov6 extraordinaire et ministreplfni'potentiaire de la R6Tpubliqueh Paris. membre de la cour perma-nente d'arbitrage.

88741'-voi, 36, PT 2-11-54

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2290 CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

Plenipotentiaries-- LE PRESIDENT DES ETATS-ITNISContinued. DE VENEZUELA:

M. Jos6 Gil Fortoul, charg6d'affaires de la R6publique hBerlin.

Lesquels, aprgs avoir d6pos6leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouv6s enbonne et due forme, sont con-venus de ce qui suit:

ARTICLE PREMIER.

Instructions to T.armed land forces. Les Puissancos contractantes

donneront h leurs forces arm6esde terre des instructions qui seront

Post, p. 2-95. conformes au R glement concer-nant les lois et coutumes de laguerre sur terre, annex6 h lapr6sente Convention.

ARTICLE 2.

Powers bound. Les dispositions contenues dansle Rgglement vis6 A 1'article lerainsi que dans la pr~sente Con-vention, nesont applieables qu'en-tre los Puissances contractantes etseulement si les bellig6rants sonttous parties A la Convention.

ARTICLE 3.Penalty for violat- La Partie bellig6rante qui vio-

hng regulations& lerait los dispositions dudit Rggle-mnet sera tenue a indemnit6, s'ily a lieu. Elle sera responsable dotous actes commis par los person-nes faisant partie de sa forcearm6e.

ARTICLE 4.

Prior convention La pr6sente Convention dftl-replaced. ment ratifie remplacera, dans losrapports entre los Puissances con-

Vol. 32. p. 1803. tractantes, la Convention du 29juillet 1899 concernant les lois etcoutumes de la guerre sur terre.

Continuance of La Convention do 1899 roste enformer Convention.

vigueur dans los rapports entreles Puissances qui 'ont sign6e etqui no ratifleraient pas 6galementla pr6sente Convention.

ARTICLE 5.

Ratification. La pr6sente Convention seraratifi6e aussit6t que possible.

Who, after having depositedtheir full powers, found in goodand due form, have agreed uponthe following :-

ARTICLE 1.

The Contracting Powers shallissue instructions to their armedland forces which shall be in con-formity with the Regulations re-specting the Laws anA Customs ofWar on Land, annexed to thepresent Convention.

ARTICLE 2.

The provisions contained in theRegulations referred to in Article1, as well as in the present Con-vention, do not apply except be-tween Contracting Powers, andthen only if all the belligerentsare parties to the Convention.

ARTICLE 3.

A belligerent party which vio-lates the provisions of the saidRegulations shall, if the case de-mands, be liable to pay compen-sation. It shall be responsiblefor all acts committed by personsforming part of its armed forces.

ARTICLE 4.

The present Convention, dulyratified, shall as between theContracting Powers, be substi-tuted for the Convention of the29th July, 1899, respecting theLaws and Customs of War onLand.

The Convention of 1899 re-mains in force as between thePowers which signed it, and whichdo not also ratify the present Con-vention.

ARTICLE 5.

The present Convention shallbe ratified as soon as possible.

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CONVENTION--WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18. 1907.

Les ratifications seront dpo-s6es a La Ilaye.

Le premier d6p6t de ratifica-tions sera constat6 par un procis-verbal sign6 par les repr6sentantsdes Puissances qui y prennentpart et par le _Ministre des AffairesEtrangres des Pays-Bas.

Les d6p6ts ult6rieurs de ratifi-cation3 se feront au moyen d'unenotifiation 6crite adress6e auGouvernement des Pays-Bas etaccompagn6e do linstrument deratification.

Copie certifige conforme duprocbs-verbal relatif au premierd6pet de ratifications, des notifi-cations mentionn6es ht l'alingapr6c6dent ainsi que des instru-ments de ratification, sera immd-diatement remise par les soins duGouvernement des Pays-Bas etpar la voie diplomatique aux Puis-sances convi6es A la DeuxibmeConf6rence do la Paix, ainsiqu'autres Puissances qui aurontadh6r6 A la Convention. Dansles cas vis6s par l'alin6a pr6c6dentedit Gouvernement leur fera con-

naitre en mAme temps la date alaquelle il a regu la notification.

ARTICLE 6.

Les Puissances non signatairessont admises h adh6rer i la pr6-sente Convention.

La Puissance qui d6sire adh6rernotifie par 6crit son intention auGouvernement des Pays-Bas enlui transmettant l'acte d'adh~sionqui sera dpos6 dans les archivesdudit Gouvernement.

Ce Gouvernement transmettraimm6diatement h toutes les au-tres Puissances copie certifieconforme de la notification ainsique de l'acte d'adh6sion, en in-diquant 'a date h laquclle il a reeula notification.

ARTICLE 7.

The ratifications shall be de- Deposit at Theposited at The Hague. Hague.

The first deposit of ratificationsshall be recorded in a precas-verbal signed by the Representa-tives of the Powers which takepart therein and by the Nether-land Minister for Foreign Affairs.

The subsequent deposits of rati-fications shall be made by means ofa written notification, addressedto tho Netherland Governmentand accompanied by the instru-ment of ratification.

A duly certified copy of the' Cetfed copies toproces-verbal relative to the firstdeposit of ratifications, of the no-tifications mentioned in the pre-ceding paragraph, as well as of theinstruments of ratification, shallbe immediately sent by the Neth-erland Government, through thediplomatic channel, to the Powersinvited to the Second Peace Con-ference, as well as to the otherPowers which have adhered tothe Convention. In the casescontemplated in the precedingparagraph the said Governmentshall at the same time informthem of the date on which it re-ceived the notification.

ARTICLE 6.

Non-Signatory Powers may ad- Adherence of non-here to the present Convention. g

The Power which desires to ad- ten ation of in-

here notifies in writing its inten-tion to the Netherland Govern-ment, forwarding to it the act ofadhesion, which shall be depositedin the archives of the said Gov-ernment.

This Government shall at once o, co,,iers totransmit to all the other Powersa duly certified copy of the noti-fication as well as of the act ofadhesion, mentioning the date onwhich it received the noLification.

ARTICLE 7.

La pr6sente Convention pro-duira effet, pour les Puissancesqui auront participe au premierd6pbt de ratifications, soixantejours apres !a (late duI procs-verbal de cc d6p6t et, pour les

The present Convention shallcome into force, in the case of thePowers which were a party to thefirst. deposit of ratifications, sixtydays itter the (late of the proces-verbal of this deposit, and, in the

2291

Effect of ratifica-tion.

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CONVENTION-WVAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

Puissances qui ratifieront ult6-rieurement ou qui adh~reront,soixante jours apr~s que la notifi-cation de leur ratification ou deleur adh6sion aura 6t0 revue parle Gouvernement des Pays-Bas.

ARTICLE 8.

Denunciation. S'il .arrivait qu'une des Puis-sances contractantes voulcit d-noncer la pr6sente Convention, ladenonciation sera notifi6e par6crit au Gouvernement des Pays-Bas qui communiquera imm6-diatement copie certifi6e con-forme de la notification b toutesles autres Puissances en leurfaisant savoir la date h laquelle ill'a reque.

Notifying Power La d~nonciation ne produiraonly affected. ses effets qu'a l'6gard de la Puis-sance qui l'aura notifi6e et un anapr~s que la notification en seraparvenue au Gouvernement des

ays-Bas.

ARTICLE 9.

Register of ratifica- Un registre tenu par le Minis-tions. tOre des Affaires Etrangeres des

Pays-Bas indiquera la date dud6p6t de ratifications effeutu6 en

Ante, p. 221. vertu de l'article 5 alineas 3 et 4ainsi que la date h laquelle auront6 t regues les notifications d'ad-hsion (article 6, alin6a 2) ou de

Supra. d6nonciation (article 8, alin6a 1).

Chaque Puissance contractanteest admise b prendre connaissancede ce registre et h. en demanderdes extraits certifi6s conformes.

Signing. En foi de quoi, les Pl6nipoten-tiaires ont revgtu la pr~senteConvention de leurs signatures.

Deposit of original. Fait A La Haye, le dix-huitoctobre mil neuf cent sept, en unseul exemplaire qui restera d6pos6dans les. archives du Gouverne-ment des Pays-Bas et dont descopies, certifi6es conformes, serontremises par la voie diplomatiqueaux Puissances qui ont 6 con-vi6es h la Deuxi~me Conferencede la Paix.

signatures. 1. Pour l'Allemagne: Sous r6-serve de l'article 44 duR giement annex6.

MARSCIIALL.KRIEGE.

case of the Powers which ratifysubsequently or which adhere,sixty days after the notificationof their ratification or of their ad-hesion has been received by theNetherland Government.

ARTICLE 8.

In the event of one of the Con-tracting Powers wishing to de-nounce the present Convention,the denunciation shall be notifiedin writing to the NetherlandGovernment, which shall at oncecommunicate a duly certifiedcopy of the notification to all theother Powers, informing them ofthe date on which it was received.

The denunciation shall onlyhave effect in regard to the noti-fying Power, and one year afterthe notification has reached theNetherland Government.

ARTICLE 9.

A register kept by the Nether-land Ministry for Foreign Affairsshall give the date of the depositof ratifications made in virtueof Article 5, paragraphs 3 and 4,as well as the date on which thenotifications of adhesion (Article6, paragraph 2) or of denun-ciation (Article 8, paragraph 1)were received.

Each Contracting Fower isentitled to have access to thisregister and to be supplied withduly certified extracts.

In faith whereof the Plenipo-tentiaries have appended theirsignatures to the present Con-vention.

Done at The Hague, the 18thOctober, 1907, in a single copy,which shall remain deposited inthe archives of the N etherlandGovernment, and duly certifiedcopies of which shall be sent,through the diplomatic channel,to the Powers which have beeninvited to the Second Peace Con-ference.

[Here follow signatures.]

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1901.

2. Pour les Etats Unis d'Am6-rique:

JOSEPH I. CHOATE.HORACE PORTER.U. M. ROSE.DAVID JAYNE HILL.C. S. SPERRY.WILLIAM I. BUCHANAN.

3. Pour l'Argentine:ROQUE SAENZ PEKA.Luis M. DRAGO.C. R&EZ LARRETA.

4. Pour l'Autriche - Hongrie:Sous r6serve de la d6clara-tion faite dans la s~anceplenigre de la Conf6rencedu 17 aoflt 1907.

MEREY.Boil MACCHIO.

5. Pour la Belgique:A. BEERNAERT.J. VAN DEN HUEVEL.GUILLAUME.

6. Pour la Bolivie:CLAUDIO PINILLA.

7. Pour le Br~sil:Ruy BARBOSA.E. LISB6A.

8. Pour la Bulgarie:G6n6ral-Major VIN2 UOFF.Iv. KARANDJOULOFF.

9. Pour le Chili:DOmiNGO GANA.AUGUSTO MATTE.CARLOS CONCHA.

10. Pour la Chire.1 - Pour la Colombie:

JORGE HOLGUIN.S. PEREZ TRIANA.M. VARGAS.

12. Pour la R6publique de Cuba:ANTONIO S. DE BUSTAMANTE.GONZALO DE QUESADA.MANUEL SANGUILY.

13. Pour le Danemark:C. BRUN.

14. Pour Ia R6publique Domini-caine:

dr. HENRIQUEZ Y CARVAJAL.APOLINAR TEJERA.

15. Pour 1'Equateur:VICTOR M. REND6N.E. DORN Y DE ALSfJA.

16. Pour i'Espagne.17. Pour la France:

LUON BOURGEOIS.d'ESTOURNELLES DE CONS-

TANT.L. RENAULT.MARCELLIN PELLET.

Signatures-Contd.

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2294 CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

Signatures-Cont'd. 18. Pour la Grande-Bretagne:EDW. FRY.ERNEST SATOW.REAY.HENRY HOWARD.

19. Pour la Grace:CLEON Rizo RANGABI.GEORGES STREIT.

20. Pour le Guat6mala:Josh TIBLE MACHADO.

21. Pour le Haiti:DALBLMAR JN JOSEPH.J. N. LLGER.PIERRE HUDICOURT.

22. Pour l'Italie:POMPILJ.G. FUSINATO.

23. Pour le Japon: Avec r6servede 1'article 44.

AIMARO SATO.24. Pour le Luxembourg.

EYSCHEN.C te . DE VILLERS.

25. Pour le Mexique:G. A. ESTEVA.S. B. DE MIER.F. L. DE LA BARA.

26. Pour le Mont~n6gro: Sousr6serves formul6es , 1'arti-cle 44 du R~glement ariex6b la pr6sente Conventionet consign6es au procs-verbal e la quatri~mes6ance pl6ni6re du 17 aofit1907.

NELmow.MARTENS.N. TCHARYKOW.

27. Pour le Nicaragua.28. Pour la Norv~ge:

F. IIAGERUP.29. Pour le Panama:

B. PORRAS.30. Pour le Paraguay:

J. Du MONCEAU.31. Pour les Pays-Bas:

W. H. DE BEAUFORT.T. M. C. ASSER.DEN BEER POORTUGAEL.J. A. R1OELL.J. A. LOEFF.

32. Pour le P6rou:C. G. CANDAMO.

33. Pour la Perse:MOMTAZOS-SALTANEH M. SA-

MAD KHAN.SADIGH UL MULE M. AHMED

KHAN.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND, OCTOBER 18, 1907.

34. Pourle Portugal:MARQUIS DE SOVERAL.CONDE DE SELIR.ALBERTO D'OLIVEIRA.

35. Pour la Roumanie:EDG. MAYROCORDATO.

36. Pour la Russie: Sous r&serves formul6es 6 larticle44 du R~glement annexgh la pr6sente Convention etconsignees au proc 6s verbalde la quatiieme s6ancepl6nigre du 17 aoett 1907.

NELIDOW.MARTENS.N. TCEARYKOW.

37. Pour le Salvador:P. J. MATHEU.S. PEREZ TRIANA.

38. Pour la Serbie:S. GROUITCII.M. G. MILOVANOVITCBC.M. G. MILITCHEVITOH.

39. Pour le Siam:MOM CHATIDEJ UDOM.C. CORRAQIONI D'ORELLI.LUANG BHltVANAI.TH NARt-

BAL.40. Pour la Suede:

K. H. L. HAmmARSKJbLD.Jog. IAELLNER.

41. Pour la Suisse:CARLIN.

42. Pour la Turquie: Sous r&.serve de 1'article 3.

TURKHAN.43. Pour l'Uruguay:

Josh BATLLE Y ORDOREZ.44. Pour le Vn6zu6la:

J. GIL FORTOUL.

ANNEXE k LA CONVENTION.

igaatuiea--0on±'d.

ANNEX TO THE CONVENTION.

Rglement concernant les lois et Regulations respecting the lawscoutumes de la guerre sur terre. and customs of war on land.

SECTION I.-DEs BELLIGLRANTS. SECTION I.-ON BELLIGERENTS.

CEAPITRE I.-De la qualitg de CHAPTER I.-The Qualificationsbelligerant. of Belligerents.

Regulations.

Belligerents.

Qualifications

ARTICLE PREMIER.

Les lois, les droits et les devoirsde la guerre ne s'appliquent passeulement h l'armne, mais encoreaux milices et aux corps de volon-taires rgunissant les conditionssuivanl es:

10 dlavoir A lour tate unepersomne responsable pour sessuburdonn6s,

ARTICLE 1.

The laws, rights, and duties of of' Pliea t'I° 'f fooce s.war apply not only to armies,but also to militia and volunteercorps fulfilling the following con-ditions:-

I To be commanded by a Description

person responsible for his subor-linates,

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

20. d'avoir un signe distinctiffixe et reconnaissable h distance;

30. de porter los armes ouver-tement et

40. do se conformer dans leursop6rations aux lois et coutumesde la guerre.

in Dans los pays oil les milicesou des corps de volontaires cons-tituent l'arm6e ou en font partie,ils sont compris sous la d6nomina-tion d'armie.

ARTICLE 2.

La population d'un territoirenon occup6 qui, 4 l'approche del'ennemi, prend spontan 6ment lesarmes pour combattre les troupesd'invasion sans avoir eu le tempsde s'organiser conform~ment A,1'article premier, sera consid~r6ecomme bellig6rante si elle porteles armes ouvertement et si ellerespecte les lois et coutumes dola guerre.

ARTICLE 3.

Los forces armies des Partiesbellig6rantes peuvent se composerdo combattants et do non-com-battants. En cas de capture parI'ennemi, les uns et les autres optdroit au traitement des prison-niers de guerre.

Prisonersof war. CHAPITRE II.-Des prisonniers deGuerme.

ARTICLE 4.Responsibility of Los prisonniers do guorre sont

capturing Govern- rment. au pouvoir du Gouvernement en-

nemi, mais non des individus oudes corps qui los ont captur6s.

Treatment. Ils doivent 6tre traites avechumanit6.

Personal belongings. Tout ce qui leur appartientpersonnellement, except6 lesarmes, les chevaux et les papiersmilitaires, reste lour propr16t6.

ARTICLE 5.

Les prisonniers de guerre peu-vent tre assujettis & l'interne-ment dans une ville, forteresse,camp ou localit6 quelconque, avee

For, es included

22962. To have a fixed distinctive

emblem recognizable at a dis-tance;

3. To carry arms openly; and

4. To conduct their operationsin accordance with the laws andcustoms of war.

In countries where militia orvolunteer corps constitute thearmy, or form part of it, theyare included under the denomina-tion "army."

ARTICLE 2.

The inhabitants of a territorywhich has not been occupied,'who,on the approach of the enemy,spontaneously take up arms toresist the invading troops withouthaving had time to organizethemselves in accordance withArticle 1, shall be regarded asbelligerents if they carry armsopenly and if they respect thelaws and customs of war.

ARTICLE 3.

The armed forces of the bellig-erent parties may consist of com-batants and noncombatants. Inthe case of capture by the enemy,both have a right to be treated asprisoners of war.

CHAPTER II.-Prisoners of War.

ARTICLE 4.

Prisoners of war are in thepower of the hostile Government,but not of the individuals or corpswho capture them.

They must be humanelytreated.

All their personal belongings,except arms, horses, and militarypapers, remain their property.

ARTICLE 5.

Prisoners of war may be in-terned in a town, fortress, camp,or other place, and bound not togo beyond certain fixed limits;

Unorganized bellig-erents recognized.

Combatants andnoncombatants.

Confinement.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

obligation de ne pas s'en 61oignerau delh de certaines limites d~tfr-min~es, mais ils ne peuvent 6treenfcrm6s que par mesure de sf.-ret6 indispensable, et seulementpendant la duree des Circons-tances qui n6cessitent cette me-sure.

ARTICLE 6.

Ih'Etat pout employer, commetravailleurs, les prisonniers deguerre, selon leur grade et leursaptitudes, h l'exception des offi-ciers. Ces travaux ne seront pasexcessifs At n'auront aucun rap-port avec les op6rations de Iaguerre.

Les prisonniers peuvent etreautoris6s h travailler pour lecompte d'administrations publi-ques ou de particuliers, ou pourleur propre compte.

Les travaux faits pour 'Etatsont pay.s d'aprgs les tarifs envigueur pour les militaires deF'arm6e nationale ex6cutant lesmgmes travaux, ou, s'il n'enexiste pas, d'apr~s un tarif en rap-port avec les travaux ex6cutes.

Lorsque les travaux ont lieupour le compte d'autres adminis-trations publiques ou pour desparticuliers, los conditions en sontr6gl~es d'accord avec l'autorit6militaire.

Le salaire des prisonniers con-tribuera h. adoucir leur position,et le surplus leur sera compt6 aumoment de ieur lib6ratinn, saufd6falcation des frais d'entretien.

ARTICLE 7.

Le Gouvernement au pouvoirduquel se trouvent lesprisonniersde guerre est charg6 de leur en-tretien.

A d6faut d'une entente sp6cialeentre les bellig6rants, les prison-niers de guerre seront traits pourla nourriture, le couchage et Fha-billement, sur le mgme pied queles troupes du Gouvernement quiles aura captur6s.

ARTICLE 8.

Les prisonniers de guerre serontsoumis aux lois, r~glements etordres en vigueur dans l'arm6e de

but they cannot be confined ex-cept as an indispensable measureof safety and only while the cir-cumstances which necessitate themeasure continue to exist.

ARTICLE 6.

The State may utilize the la- abr PloYment atbour of prisoners of war accordingto their rank and aptitude, officersexcepted. The tasks shall not beexcessive and shall have no con-nection with the operations of thewar.

Prisoners may be authorizedto work for the public service, forprivate persons, or on their ownaccotunt.

Work done for the State is paidat the rates in force for work of asimilar kind done by soldiers ofthe national army, or, if thereare none in force, at a rate ac-cording to the work executed.

When the work is for otherbranches of the public service orfor private persons the conditionsare settled in agreement with themilitary authorities.

The wages of the prisoners shallgo towards improving their posi-tion, and the balance shall be paidthem on their release, after de-duc.ing the cost nf their mainte-nance.

ARTICLE 7.

The Government into whosehands prisoners of war have fallenis charged with their mainte-nance.

In the absence of a specialagreement between the belliger-ents, p)risoners of war shall betreateA as regards board, lodging,and clothing on the same footingas the troops of the Governmentwho captured them.

ARTICLE 8.

Payment.

Use of wages.

Maintenance

General treatment.

Prisoners of war shall be sub- Subject to militaryject to the laws, regulations, and laws' etc.orders in force in the army of the

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Insubordination.

Recaptured prison-ers.

ARTICLE 9.

gestrictonsfor false Chaque prisonnier de guerre esttenu de d6clarer, s'il est interrog6h, ce sujet, ses v6ritables noms etgrade et, dans le cas o4 il en-freindrait cette regle, il s'expo-serait & une restriction des avan-tages accord6s aux prisonniers deguerre de sa cat6gorie.

ARTICLE 10.

Parole to be o- Les prisonniers de guerre peu-vent Atre mis en libert6 sur parole,si les lois de leur pays les y autori-sent, et, en pareil cas, ils sontoblig6s, sous 1a garantie de leurhonneur personnel, de remplirscrupuleusement, tant vis-h-vis deleur propre Gouvernement quevis-h-vis de celui qui les a faitsprisonniers, les engagements qu'ilsauraient contract6s.

Recognition of. Dans le meme cas, leur propreGouvernement est tenu de n'exi-ger ni accepter d'eux aucun ser-vice contraire h, la parole donn6e.

ARTICLE 11.

tarole to be volU- Un prisonnier de guerre ne peut.tre contraint d'accepter sa li-bert6 sur parole; de mgme leGouvernement ennemi n'est pasoblig6 d'acc6der t la demande duprisonnier rclamant sa mise enlibert6 sur parole.

ARTICLE 12.Forfeiture of parole. Tout prisonnier de guerre, li-

b6r6 sur parole et reprs portantles armes contre le Gouvernement

l'Etat au pouvoir duquel ils setrouvent. Tout acte d'insubor-dination autorise, h leur 6gard,lhs mesures de rigueur n6ces-saires.

Les prisonniers 6vad6s, qui se-raient repris avant d'avoir pu re-joindre leur arm6e ou avant dequitter le territoire occup6 parl'arm6e qui les aura captur6s, sontpassibles de peines disciplinaires.

Les prisonniers qui, apres avoirr6ussi h s'6vader, sont de nouveaufaits prisonniers, ne sent passiblesd'aucune peine pour la fuite an-t6rieure.

ARTICLE 10.

Prisoners of war may be set atliberty on parole if the laws oftheir country allow, and. in suchcases, they ar. bound., on theirpersonal honour, scrupulously tofulfil, both towards their ownGovernment and the Govern-ment by whom they were madeprisoners, the engagements theyhave contracted.

In such cases their own Gov-ernment is bound neither to re-quire of nor accept from them anyservice incompatible with theparole given.

ARTICLE 11.

A prisoner of war can not becompelled to accept his libertyon parole; similarly the hostileGovernment is not obliged to ac-cede to the request of the prisonerto be set at liberty on parole.

ARTICLE 12.

Prisoners of war liberated onparole and recaptured bearingarms against the Government to

2298State in whose power they are.Any act of insubordination justi-fies the adoption towards them ofsuch measures of severity as maybe considered necessary.

Escaped prisoners who are re-taken before being able to rejointheir ow n army or before leavingthe territory occupied by thearmy which captured them areliable to disciplinary punishment.

Prisoners who, after succeedingin escaping, are again taken pris-oners, are not liable to any pun-ishment on account of the pre-vious flight.

ARTICLE 9.

Every prisoner of war is boundto give, if he is questioned on thesubject, his true name and rank,and if he infringes this rule, he isliable to have the advantagesgiven to prisoners of his class cur-tailed.

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envers lcquel il s'6tait engaged'honneur, ou contre les allies decelui-ci, perd le droit au traite-ment des prisonniers de guerre etpeut Atre traduit devant les tribu-naux.

ARTICLE 13.

Les individus qui suivent unearm6e sans en faire directementpartie, tels que les correspondantset les reporters de journaux, lesvivandiers, les fournisseurs, quitombent au pouvoir de l'ennemiet que celui-ci juge utile de d6te-nir, ont droit au traitement desprisonniers de guerre, A conditionqu'ils soient munis d'une l6giti-mation de 'autorit6 militaire del'arm6e qu'ils accompagnaient.

ARTICLE 14.

11 est constitu6, d s le d6butdes hostilit6s, dans chaeun desEtats bellig6rants, et, le cas6ch6ant, dans les pays neutresqui auront recueill des bellig6-rants sur leur territoire, un bureaude renseignements sur les pri-sonniers de guerre. Ce bureau,charg6 de r6pondre h toutes lesdemandes qui les concernent, re-eoit des divers services com e-tents toutes les indications rela-tives aux internements et auxmutations, aux mises en libert6sur :pa.ole, aux 6changes, auxvasions, aux entrees dans les

h6pitaux, aux d6cgs, ainsi que lesautres renseignements n6cessairespour 6tablir et tenir h jour unefiche individuelle pour chaqueprisonnier de guerre. Le bureaudevra porter sur cette fiche le nu-m6ro matricule, les nom et pr6-nom, 'Age, le lieu d'origine, legrade, le corps de troupe, losbies-sures, ]a date et le lieu de la cap-ture, de I'internement, des bles-sures et de la mort, ainsi quetoutes les observations particu-ligres. La fiche individuelle seraremise au Gouvernement de l'au-tre belliggrant aprgs la conclusionde la paix.

Le bureau de renseignementsest 6galement charg6 de recueilliret de centraliser tous les objetsd'un usage personnel, valeurs,

to whom they had pledged theirhonour, or against the allies ofthat Government, forfeit theirright to be treated as prisoners ofwar, and can be brought beforethe Courts.

ARTICLE 13.

Individuals who follow an army Treatment of cap-tured reporters, sut-without directly belonging to it, lers, etc.such as newspaper correspondentsand reporters, sutlers and con-tractors, who fall into the enemy'shands and whom the latter thinksexpedient to detain, are entitledto be treated as prisoners of war,provided they are in possession ofa certificate" from the militaryauthorities of the army whichthey were accompanying.

ARTICLE 14.

An inquiry office for prisoners Bureau of inform-of war is instituted on the com - tion to be established.

mencement of hostilities in eachof the belligerent States, and,when necessary, in neutral coun-tries which have received bellig-erents in their territory. It is the Function.function of this office to reply toall inquries about the prisoners.It receives from the various serv-ices concerned full informationrespecting internments and trans-fers, releases on parole, exchanges,escapes, admissions into hospital,ddaths, as well as other informa-tion necessary to enable it tomake out and keep up to datean individual return for eachprisoner of war. The office muststate in this return the regimentalnumber, name and surname, age,place of origin, rank, unit, wounds,date and place of capture, intern-ment, wounding, and death, aswell as any observations of aspecial character. The individ-ual return shall be sent to theGovernment of the other bellig-erent after the conclusion of peace.

It is likewise the function of the Receipt, etc., ofinquiry office to receive and col- property.lect all objects of personal use,valuables, letters, &c., found on

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lettres etc., qui seront trouv6ssur les champs de bataille ou d6-laiss6s par des piisonniers liberessur parole, 6chang6s, evad6s oud6c6d6s dans les hepitaux et am-bulances, et de les transmettreaux int6ress6s.

ARTICLE 15.

Recognitionof relief Les soci6t6s de secours pour lessocieties. prisonniers de guerre, r6guligre-

ment constitutes selonf la loi delour pays et ayant pour objetd'gtre les interm6diaires de l'ac-tion charitable, recevront, de lapart des bellig6rants, pour elles etp our leurs agents dftment accr6-dit6s, toute facilit6, dans les li-mites trac6es par les n6cessit6smilitaires et ]es r~gles administra-tives, pour accomplir efficace-

Agent. ment leur t~che d'humanit6. Lesd~legues de ces societ6s pourront6tre admis h distribuer des se-cours dans les d6p6ts d'interne-ment, ainsi qu'aux lieux d'6tapedes prisonniers rapatri6s, moyen-nant une permission personnelled6livr6e par l'autorit6 militaire,et en prenant l'engagement par6crit de se soumettre A toutes lesmesures d'ordre et de policeque celle-ci prescrirait.

AYTICLE 16.Privileges allowed.

Pay to officers takenprisoners.

Les bureaux de renseignementsjouissent de la franchise de port.Les lettres, mandats et! articlesd'argent, ainsi que les colis pos-taux destins aux prisonniers doguerre ou exp6di~s par eux, serontaifranchis de toutes les taxes pos-tales, aussi bien dans les paysd'origine et de destination quedans les pays interm6diaires.

Les dons et secours en naturedestin6s aux pKisonniers de guerreseront admis en franchise de tousdroits d'entr6e et autres, ainsi uedes taxes de transport sur les cTe-mins de fer exploit~s par l'Etat.

ARTICLE 17.Les officiers prisonniers rece

vront la solde h laquelle ont droitles officiers de mgme grade duSays ot ils sont retenus, h charge

e remboursement par leur Gou-vernement.

the field of battle or left by pris-oners who have been released onparole, or exchanged, or who

ave escaped, or died in hospitalsor ambulances, and to forwardthem to those concerned.

ARTICLE 15.

Relief societies for prisoners ofwar, which are properly consti-tuted in accordance with the lawsof their country and with the ob-ject of serving as the channel forcharitable effort shall receive fromthe belligerents, for themselvesand their duly accredited agentsevery facility for the efficient per-formance of their humane taskwithin the bounds imposed bymilitary necessities and adminis-trative regulations. Agents ofthese societies may be admittedto the places of internment for thepurpose of distributing relief, asalso to the halting places of repa-triated prisoners, if furnished witha personal permit by the militaryauthorities, and on giving an un-taking in writing to comply withall measures of order and policewhich the latter may issue.

.ARTICLE _6.

Inquiry offices enjoy the privi-lege of free postage. Letters,money orders, and valuables, aswell as parcels by post, intendedfor prisoners of war, or dispatchedby them, shall be exempt from allpostal duties in the countries oforigin and destination, as well asin the countries theypass through.

Presents and relief in kind forprisoners of war shall be admitted

ee of all import or other duties,as well as of payments for carriageby the State railways.

ARTICLE 17.Officers taken prisoners shall re-

ceive the same rate of pay asofficers of corresponding rank inthe country where they are de-tained, the amount to be ulti-mately refunded by their ownGovernment,

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ARTIC E 18. ARTICLE 18.

Toute latitude est laiss~e auxprisonniers de guerre pour l'exer-cice de leur religion, y comprisl'assistance aux offices de leurculte, it la seule condition de seconformer aux mesures d'ordre etde police prescrites par l'autorit6militaire.

ARTICLE 19.

Les testaments des prisonniersde guerre sont re us ou dressesdans les mmes conditions quepour les militaires de l'arm6e na-tionale.

On suivra 6galement les mmesr~gles en ce qui concerne lespices relatives h la constatationdes d6cs, ainsi que pour l'inhu-mation des. prisonniers de guerre,en tenant compte de leur grade etde leur rang.

ARTICLE 20.

Apr~s la conclusion de la paix,le rapatriement des prisonniers deguerre s'effectuera dans le plusbref d~lai possible.CHAPITRE III.-Des malades et

des bless s.

ARTICLE 21.

Les obligations des bellig~rantsconcernant le service des maladeset des blesses sont r6gies par laConvention de Gen~ve.

SECTION II.-DES HOSTILITES.

CHAPITRE I.-Des moyens denuire & l'ennemi, des si~ges etdes bombardements.

ARTICLE 22.

Les bellig6rants n'ont pas undroit illimit6 quant au choix desmoyens de nuire l'ennemi.

ARTICLE 23.

Outre les prohibitions 6tabliespar des conventions sp6ciales, ilest notamment interdit:

a. d'employer du poison oudes armes empoisonnees;

Prisoners of war shall enjoycomplete liberty in the exercise oftheir religion, including attend-ance at the services of whateverChurch they may belong to, onthe sole condition that they com-ply with the measures of orderand police issued by the militaryauthorities.

ARTICLE 19.

The wills of prisoners of war arereceived or drawn up in the someway as for soldiers of the nationalarmy.

The same rules shall be ob-served regarding death certifi-cates as well as for the burial ofprisoners of war, due regard beingpaid to their grade znd rank.

ARTICLE 20.

After the conclusion of peace,the repatriation of prisoners ofwar shall be carried out as quicklyas possible.

CHATER III. - The Sicc andWounded.

Religious liberty.

Wills.

Burials, etc.

Repatriation.

Sick and wounded.

ARTICLE 21.

The obligations of belligerents Geneva Conventionto goo]ern. P 85

with regard to the sick and 5,. .wounded are governed by theGeneva Convention.

SECTION II.-HOSTILITIES. Hostilities.

CHAPTER 1.-Means of Injuring Ies of injuringthe Enemy, Sieges, and Born- bombrdments.' andbardments.

ARTICLE 22.

The right of belligerents toadopt means of injuring theenemy is not unlimited.

Restriction.

ARTICLE 23.

In addition to the prohibitions Special prohibi.provided by special Conventions, UoDs.

it is especially forbidden:(a.) To employ poison or poi-

soned weapons;

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b. de tuer ou de blesser partrahison des individus ap-P artenant h ]a nation ou Alarm6e ennemie;

c. de tuer ou de blesser un en-nemi qui, ayant mis basles armes ou n'ayant plusles moyens de se d6fen-cIre, s'est rendu h discre-tion;

d. de d6clarer qu'il ne serapas fait de quartier;

e. d'employer des armes, desprojectiles ou des matigrespropres h causer des mauxsuperflus;

f. d'user indftment du pavil-Ion parlementaire, dupavillon national ou desinsignes militaires et dol'uniforme de l'ennemi,ainsi que des signes dis-tinctifs de la Convention:de Gen~ve;

g. do dgtruire ou do saisir desFropri6t6s ennemies, saufes cas oh ces destructions

ou ces saisies seraient in-p6rieusement comman-d6es par les n6cessit s dela guerre;

h. de d6clarer 6teints, sus-pendus ou non recevablesen justice, les droits et ac-tions des nationaux de laPartie adverse.

Forcible service E est 6galement interdit h unagainst one'b owmcountr . belligerant de forcer Ies nationaux

de la Partie adverse h prendrepart aux operations de guerre

ing des contre leur pays, mAmedans le cas oh ils auraient t hson service avant le commence-mnent. de la guerre.

ARTICLE 24.

Obtaining informa- Les ruses de guerre et l'emploiticn permitted. des moyens n~cessaires pour seprocurer des renseignements sur

ennemi et sur le terrain sont con-sid6r~s comme licites.

ARTICLE 25.Assault on unde- Il est interdit ('attaquer ou de

fended towns. etc. bombarder, par quelque moyenque ce soit, des villes, villages,habitations ou b~.timents qui nesont pas dfendus.

(b.) To kill or wound treach-erously individuals be-longing to the hostilenation or army;

(c.) To kill or wound an enemywho, having laid downhis arms, or having nolonger means of defence,has surrendered at dis-crebion;

(d.) To declare that no quarterwill be given;

(e.) To employ arms, projec-tiles, or material calcu-lated to cause unneces-sary suffering;

(f.) To make improper use ofa flag of truce, of thenational flag, or of themilitary insignia anduniform of the enemy,as well as the distinctivebadges of the GenevaConvention;

(g.) To destroy or seize theenemy's property, un-less such destruction orseizure be imperativelydemanded by the neces-sities of war;

(A.) To declare abolished, sus-pended, or inadmissiblein a court of law therights and actions of thenationals of the hostileparty.

A belligerent is likewise for-bidden to compel the nationals ofthe hostile party to take part inthe operations of war directedagainst their own country, even ifthey were in the belligerent'sservice before the commencementof the war.

ARTICLE 24.

Ruses of war and the employ-ment of measures necessary forobtaining information about theenemy and the country are con-sidered permissible.

ARTICLE 2.5.

The attack or bombardment,by whatever means, of towns, vil-lages, dwellings, or buildingswhich are undefended is pro-hibited.

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ARTICLE 26.

Le commandant des troupes as-saillantes, avant d'entreprendrele bombardement, et sauf le casd'attaque de vive force, devrafaire tout ce qui d6pend de luipour en avertir les autorit6s.

ARTICLE 27.

Dans les si~ges et bombarde-ments, toutes les mesures n~ces-saires doivent Atre prises pour6pargner, autant que possible, les6difices consaer~s aux cultes, auxarts, aux sciences et h la bienfai-sance, les monuments historiques,les h6pitaux et les lieux de ras-semblement de malades et de bles-s6s, h condition qu'ils ne soientpas employ6s en m6me temps 4un but militaire.

Le devoir des assi6g6s est ded~signer ces edifices ou lieux derassemblement par des signes vi-sibles speciaux qjui seront notifiesd'avance b l'assigeant.

ARTICLE 28.

I1 est interdit de livrer au pil-lage une vile ou localit6 mgmeprise d'assaut.

CHAPITRE II.--Des es-ions.

ARTICLE 29.

Ne peut 6tre consid6r6 commeespion que l'individu qui, agissantclandestinement ou sous de fauxpr6textes, reeueille ou cherche hrecueillir des informations dans laz6ned'opgrations d'unbellig~rant,avee l'intention de les communi-quer A la Partie adverse.

Ainsi les militaires non d6-guis6s qui ont p6n6tr6 dans laz6ne d'op6rations de l'arm~e en-nemie, h l'effet de recueillir desinformations, ne sont pas con-sid6r6s comme espions. Dem~me, ne sont pas consid6r~scomme espions: les miltaires etles non militaires, accomplissantouvertement lcur mission, charg6sde transinettre des dpches des-tinees, soit h leur propre arm~e,soit h !'armee ennemie. A cettecategorie appartiennent 6galc-

ARTICLE 26.W7arning of bon-

The officer in command of an baramen .attacking force must, before com-mencing a bombardment, exceptin cases of assault, do all in hispower to warn the authorities.

ARTICLE 27.

In sieges and bombardments Buildings, etc., toall necessary steps must be taken be spared.to spare, as far as possible, build-ings dedicated to religion, art,science, or charitable purposes,historic monuments, hospitals,and places where the silck andwounded are collected, providedthey are not being used at thetime for military purposes.

It is the duty of the besieged toindicate the presence of suchbuildings or places by distinctiveand visible signs, which shall benotified to the enemy beforehand.

ARTICLE 28.

The pillage of a town or place,even when taken by assault, isprohibited.

CHAPTER II.-Spie.q.

ARTICLE 29.

A person can only be considereda spy when, acting clandestinelyor on false pretences, he obtains orendeavours to obtain informationin the zone of operations of a bel-ligerent, with the intention ofcommunicating it to the hostileparty.

Thus, soldiers not wearing adisguise who have penetrated intothe zone of operations of the hos-tile army, for the purpose of ob-taining information, are not con-sidered spies. Similarly, the fol-lowing are not considered spies:Soldiers and civilians, carryingout their mission openly, in-trusted with the delivery of des-patches intended either for theiroi-n arny or for the enemy'sarmy. To this class belong like-wise persons sent in balloons for

Notification of.

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ment les individus envoy6s enballon pour transmettre les d6-pAches, et, en g~n6ral, pour en-tretenir les communications entreles diverses parties d'une arm6eou d'un territoire.

ARTICLE 30.

TripIrequired. L'espion pris sur le fait nepourra Atre puni sans jugementpr~alable.

ARTICLE 31.Subsequentcapture. L'espion qui, ayant rejoint

l'arm6e A laquelle il appartient,est captur6 plus tard par 'enne-mi, est trait6 comme prisonnierde guerre et n'encourt aucuneresponsabilit6 pour ses actesd'espionnage ant~rieurs.

FIags of truce. CHAPITRE IIL-Des parlemnen-taires.

ARTICLE 32.beviolabs ty o Est consid6r4 comme parle-

bearers. mentaire l'individu autoris6 parl'un des bellig6rants A, entrer enpourparlers avec l'autre et se pr6-sentant avec le drapeau blanc. I1a droit A l'inviolabilit6 ainsi quele trompette, clairon ou tambour,le porte-drapeau et l'interpretequi 'aceompagneraient.

ARTICLE 33.

Rputon not c Le chef auquel un parlemen-1uS0r7 taire est exp6di6 n'est pas obliggde le recevoir en toutes circons-tances.

Envoy& Ii peut prendre toutes les me-sures n6cessaires afin d'emp~cherle parlementaire de profiter de samision pour se renseigner.

fl a le droit, en cas d'abus, deretenir temporairement le parle-mentaire.

ARTICLE 34.Treacheryof envoy. Le parlementaire perd ses droits

d'inviolabilit6, s'il est prouv6,d'une manire positive et irr6-cusable, qu'il a profit6 de sa posi-tion privil6giee pour provoquerou commettre un acte de trahison.

the purpose of carrying des-patches and, generally, of main-taining communications betweenthe different parts of an army or aterritory.

ARTICLE 30.

A spy taken in tho act shall notbe punished without previoustrial.

ARTICLE 31.

A spy who, after rejoining thearmy to which he belongs, is sub-sequently captured by the enemy,is treated as a prisoner of war,and incurs no responsibility forhis previous acts of espionage.

CHAPTER III.-Flags of Truce.

ARTICLE 32.

A person is regarded as bearinga flag of truce who has beenauthorized by one of the belliger-ents to enter into communicationwith the other, and who advancesbearing a white flag. He has aright to inviolability, as well asthe trumpeter, bugler or drum-mer, the flag-bearer and inter-preter who may accompany him.

ARTICLE 33.

The commander to whom a flagof truce is sent is not in all casesobliged to receive it.

He may take all the necessarysteps to prevent the envoy takingadvantage of his mission to obtaininformation.

In case of abuse, he has theright to detain the envoy tempo-rarily.

ARTICLE 34.

The envoy loses his rights ofinviolability if it is proved in aclear and incontestable mannerthat he has taken advantage ofhis privileged position to provokeor commit an act of treachery.

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CHAPITRE IV.--Des capitulations.

ARTICLE 35.

Les capitulations arr~tdes entreles Parties contractantes doiventtenir compte des r~gles de l'hon-neur militaire.

Une fois fix6es, elles doivent6tre cerupuleus.ement observdespar les deux Parties.

CHAPITRE V.-De I'armistice.

ARTICLE 36.

L'armistice suspend les opera-tions de guerre par un accordmutuel des Parties belligerantes.Si la durde n'en est pas d6ter-minde, les Parties bellig6rantesFeuvent reprendre en tout tempslos operations, pourvu toutefoisque 1'ennemi soit averti en tempsconvenu, conform6ment aux con-ditions de 'armistice.

ARTICLE 37.

L'armistice pout Atre g6n6ralou local. Le premier suspendpartout les op6rations de guerredes Etats bellig6rants; le second,seulement entre certaines frac-tions des arm6es bellig6rantes etdans un rayon ddtermin6.

ARTICLE 38.

L'armistice doit Atre notifi6officiellement et en temps utileaux autorit6s comp6tentes et auxtroupes. Les hostilit6s sont sus-pendues imm6diatement a pres lanotification ou au terme nxe.

ARTICLE 39.

I1 d6pend des Parties contrac-tantes de fixer, dans les clauses del'armistice, les rapports qui pour-raient avoir lieu, sur le th6Atre dela guerre, avec les populations etentre eles.

ARTICLE 40.

CHAPTER IV.- CapitUlation. Capitulations.

ARTICLE 35.

Capitulations agreed upon muty honortobebetween the contracting parties berved.must take into account the rulesof military honour.

Once settled, they must bescrupulously observed by bothparties.

CHAPTER V.-Armistices. Armistices.

ARTICLE 36.

An armistice suspends militaryoperations by mutual agreementbetween the belligerent parties.If its duration is not defined, thebelligerent parties may resumeoperations at any time, providedalways that the enemy is warnedwithin the time agreed uppn, inaccordance with the terms of thearmistice.

Effect.

ARTICLE 37.

An armistice may be general orlocal. The first suspends themilitary operations of the bellig-erent States everywhere; the sec-ond only between certain frac-tions of the belligerent armies andwithiu a fixed racliuE.

General.

Local

ARTICLE 38.

An armistice -must be notified Notification.officially and in good time to thecompetent authorities and to thetroops. Hostilities are suspended suspension of hos.immediately after the notifica-tilities.tion, or on the date fixed.

ARTICLE 39.

It rests with the contracting Communaol.lowed with inhabit-parties to settle, in the terms of ants.the armistice, what communica-tions may be held in the theatreof war with the inhabitants andbetween the inhabitants of onebelligerent State and those of theother.

ARTICLE 40.

Toute violation grave de Far- Any serious violation of the Eiect of violationmistice, par l'une des Parties, armistice by one of the parties

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Actual occupation.

Extent.

donne h l'autre le droit de le d6-noncer et m~me, en cas d'urgence,de reprendre imm6diatement leshostilht6s.

ARTICLE 41.

La violation des clauses de'armistice, par des particuliers

agissant de leur propre initiative,donne droit seulement h r6clamerla punition des coupables et, s'il ya lieu, une indemnit4 pour lespertes 6prouv6es.

Un territoire est consid6r6comme occup6 lorsqu'il se trouvepIac6 de fait sous l'autorit6 de

armee ennemie.L'occupation ne s'6tend qu'aux

territoires oti cette autorit6 est4tablie et en mesure de s'exercer.

ARTICLE 43.Preservation of or- L'autorit6 du pouvoir l4galder and safety. Latrt upuor11a

ayant pass6 de fait entre lesmains de l'occupant, celui-ci pren-dra toutes les mesures qui d6pen-dent de lui en vue de r6tablr etd'assurer, autant qu'il est possible,l'ordre et la vie publics en res-pectant, sauf empechement ab-solu, les lois en vigueur dans lepays.

ARTICLE 44.Forcing inforint II est interdit a un bellig6rantforbidden i de forcer ]a population d'un ter-

ritoire occup6 ht Jlonner des ren-soignements sur l'arme de l'autrebellig6rant ou sur ses moyens ded6fense.

ARTICLE 45.Requiring oath of I1 est interdit de contraindre Ia

allegiance forbidden. population d'un territoire occup6A, prater serment A la Puissanceennemie.

ARTICLE 46.Eightsandproperty L'honneur et les droits de la

tobe respected. famille, la vie des individus etla propri6t6 priv6e, ainsi que les

Violation by pri-vate s ,rsons.

2306gives the other party the right ofdenouncing it, and even, in casesof urgency, of recommencing hos-tilities immediately.

ARTICLE 41.

A violation of the terms of thearmistice by private persons act-ing on their own initiative onlyentitles the injured party to de-mand the punishment of theoffenders or, if necessary, com-pensation for the losses sustained.

SECTION III.-MILITARY Au-THORITY OVER THE TERRITORYOF THE HOSTILE STATE.

ARTICLE 42.

Territory is considered occupiedwhen it is actually placed underthe authority of the hostile army.

The occupation extends only tothe territory where such authorityhas been established and can beexercised.

ARTICLE 43.

The authority of the legitimatepower having in fact passed intothe hands of the occupant, thelatter shall take all the measuresin his power to restore, and en-sure, as far as possible, public or-der and safety, while respecting,unless absolutely prevented, thelaws in force in the country.

ARTICLE 44.

A belligerant is forbidden toforce the inhabitants of territoryoccupied by it to furnish informa-tion about the army of the otherbelligerent, or about its means ofdefence.

ARTICLE 45.

It is forbidden to compel the in-habitants of occupied territory toswear allegiance to the hostilePower.

ARTICLE 46.

Family honour and rights, thelives of persons, and private prop-erty, as well as religious convic-

Military authority SECTION III.-DE L'AUTORITEover captured terri-tory. MILITAIRE SUR LE TERRITOIRE

DE L'ETAT ENNEML

ARTICLE 42.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

convictions religieuses et l'exer-cice des cultes, doivent 6trerespect6s.

La propridt6 priv6e ne peut pas6tre confisqu6e.

ARTICLE 47.

Le pillage est formellement in-terdit.

ARTICLE 48.

Si l'occupant prdl~ve, dans leterritoireoccup6,l es imp6ts, (Iroitset pdages 6tablis au profit del'Etat, il le fera, autant que possi-ble, d'aprgs les r~gles de l'assietteet de la repartition en vigueur, etil en rsultera pour lui l'obligationde pourvoir aux frais de 'adminis-tration du territoire occup6 dans]a mesure oih le Gouvernement 16-gal y 6tait tenu.

ARTICLE 49.

Si, en dehors des imp6ts vis6sl'articie pr6e6dent, 1 occupant

pr6l~ve d'autres contributions enargent dans le territoire occup6,ce ne pourra 6tre que pour lesbesoins de l'arm6e ou de l'ad-ministration de ce territoire.

ARTICLE 50.

Aucune peine collective, p6cu-niaire ou autre, ne pourra 6tre6dict6e contre les populations araison de faits individuels dontelles ne pourraient 6tre conside-r6e. comme solidairement res-ponsables.

ARTICLE 51.

Aucune contribution ne serapercue qu'en vertu d'un ordre6crit et sous la responsabilit6d'un g6n6ral en chef.

I1 ne sera proc6d6, autant quepossible, h cette perception qued aprs les r6gles de l'assiette etde ]a r6partition des imp6ts envigueur.

Pour toute contribution, unrecu sera d6livr6 aux contribua-bles.

tions and practice, must be re-spected.

Private property cannot beconfiscated.

ARTICLE 47.

Pillage is formally forbidden.

No confiscation.

Pillageforbidden.

ARTICLE 48.

If, in the territory occupied, theoccupant collects the taxes, dues,and tolls imposed for the benefitof the State, he shall do so, asfar asis possible, in accordance with therules of assessment and incidencein force, and shall in consequencebe bound to defray the expensesof the administration of the occu-pied territory to the same extentas the legitimate Government wasso bound.

Collection of taxes.

ARTICLE 49.

fLevies for militaryIf, in addition to the taxes men- needs.tioned in the above Article, theoccupant levies other money con-tributions in the occupied terri-tory, this shall only Be for theneeds of the army or of the admin-istration of the territory in ques-tion.

ARTICLE 50.No general penalty, pecuniary actsGener penaltysfr

or otherwise, shall be inflicted forbidden.upon the population on account ofthe acts of individuals for whichthey cannot be regarded as jointlyand severally responsible.

ARTICLE 51.

No contribution shall be col- tuon of on-lected except under a writtenorer, and on the responsibilityof a Commander-in-chief.

The collection of the said con-tribution shall only be effected asfar as ossible in accordance withthe rules of assessment and inci-dence of the taxes in force.

For every contribution a re- Receipts.ceipt shall 'be given to the con-tributors.

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CONVENTION-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

ARTICLE 52.

Requisitions for Des r6quisitions en nature etdes services ;no pourront trer6clamgs des communes ou deshabitants, que pour les besoins del'arm6e d'occupation. Ils seronten rapport avec los ressources dupays et de telle nature qu'ilsn'impliquent pas pour los popula-tions 1'obligation de prendre partaux op6rations de la guerre contreleur patrie.

Authority. Cos r6quisitions et ces servicesne seront rclam6s qu'avec l'au-torisation du commandant dansla localit6 occup66.

Payment. Los prestations en nature so-ront, autant que possible, pay6esau comptant; sinon, elles serontconstat6es par des recus, et le paie-ment des sommes dues sera effec-tu6 le plus t6t possible.

ARTICLE 53.

Seizure of publi L'arme qui oceujpe un terr-sh, property, et,. toire ne pourra saisir que le nu-m6raire, les fonds et les valeursexigibles appartenant en propre Al'Etat, los dpbts d'armes, moyensde transport, magasins et approvi-sionnements et, en g6neral, touteproprite mobili~re de l'Etat denature h servir aux op6rations de

Telegraphs, trans. la guerre.portatbon, etc. Tous les moyens affect6s sur

terre, sur mer et dans les airs 6la transmission des nouvelles, autransport des personnes ou deschoses, en dehors des cas r6gispar le droit maritime, les d6p6ts'armes et, en g6n6ral, touteesp~ce de munitions do guerre,peuvent Atre saisis, m~me s'ilsappartiennent A des personnespriv6es, mais devront 8tre resti-tu~s et les indemnit~s seront r6-gles k la paix.

ARTICLE 54.

Submarine cables Los e reliantto nrutral territory. Le ebles sous-maninsrein

un territoire occup6 h un territoireneutre ne seront saisis ou d6truitsque dans le cas d'une n6cessit6absolue. Ils devront egalement6tre restitu6s et les indenitesseront r6gl6es h la paix.

ARTICLE 52.

Requisitions in kind and serv-ices shall not be demanded frommunicipalities or inhabitants ex-cept for the needs of the army ofoccupation. They shall be inproportion to the 'resources of thecountry, and of such a nature asnot to involve the inhabitants inthe obligation of taking part inmilitary operations against theirown country.

Such requisitions and servicesshall only be demanded on theauthority of the commander inthe locality occupied.

Contributions in kind shall asfar as possible be paid for in cash;if not, a receipt shall be given andthe payment of the amount dueshall be mad6 as soon as possible.

ARTICLE 53.

An army of occupation canonly take possession of cash,funds, and realizable securitieswhich are strictly the property ofthe State, dep6ts of arms, meansof transport, stores and supplies,and, generally, all movable prop-erty belonging to the State whichmay be used for military opera-tions.

All appliances, whether on land,at sea, or in the air, adapted forthe transmission of news, or forthe transport of persons or thin-sexclusive of cases governed K Y-nav:Al law, dep6ts of arms, and,generally, all kinds of ammuni-tion of war, may be seized, evenif they belong to private indi-viduas, but must be restoredand compensation fixed whenpeace is made.

ARTICLE 54.

Submarine cables connectingan occupied territory with a neu-tral territory shall not be seizedor destroyed except in the case ofabsolute necessity. They mustlikewise be restored and compen-sation fixed when peace is made.

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CONVENTIOI-WAR ON LAND. OCTOBER 18, 1907.

ARTICLE 55.

L'Etat occupant ne se consi-d~rera que comme administrateuret usufruitier des 6difices publics,immeubles, for~ts et exploitationsagricoles apparthnant h l'Etat en-nemi et se trouvant dans le paysoccup6. I1 devra sauvegarderle fonds de ces propri6t6s et lesadministrer conform6ment auxr~gles de l'usufruit.

ARTICLE 56.

Les biens des communes, ceuxdes 6tablissements consacr6s auxcultes, 4 la charit6 et b l'instruc-tion, aux arts et aux sciences,m~me appartenant h l'Etat, se-ront trait6s comme la propri6t6priv6e.

Toute saisie, destruction oud6gradation inten ionnelle desem-blables 6tablissements, de monu-ments historiques, d'ceuvres d'artet de science, est interdite et doit6tre poursuivie.

Certifil pour copie conforme:Le Secr~taire-G6n6ral du Mi-

nist~re des Affaires Etrang~resdes Pays-Bas,

IJANNEMA.

ARTICLE 55.The occupying State shall be Adninistration of

,public property in oc.

regarded only as administrator cupied territory.and usufructuary of public build-ings, real estate, forests, and agri-cultural estates belonging to thehostile State, and situated in theoccupied country. It must safe-guard the capital f these prop-erties, and administer them inaccordance with the rules ofusufruct.

ARTICLE 56.

The property of municipalities,that of institutions dedicated toreligion, charity and education,the arts and sciences, even whenState property, shall be treatedas private property.

Municipal, religious,etc., property.

Legal proceedingsAll seizure of, destruction or for r4zure, etc.wilful damage done to institu-tions of this character, historicmonuments, works of art andscience, is forbidden, and shouldbe made the subject of legal pro-ceedings.

And whereas the said Convention has been duly ratified by theGovernment of the United States of America, by and with the adviceand consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Governments of Austria-Hungary, Bolivia, Denmark, Germany, G-eat Britain, Mexico, theNetherlands, Russia, Salvador, and Sweden, and the ratifications ofthe said Governments were, under the provisions of Article 5 of thesaid Convention, deposited by their respective plenipotentiaries withthe Netherlands Government on November 27, 1909;

Now, therefore, be it known that I, William Howard Taft, Presidentof the United States of America, have caused the said Convention tobe made public, to the end that the same and every article and clausethereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the UnitedStates and the citizens thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused theseal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington this twenty-eighth day of Februaryin the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and

[SEAL.] ten, and of the Independence of the United States ofAmerica the one hundred and thirty-fourth.

WM H TAFTBy the President:

P C KNOXSecretary of State.

2309

Ratification.

.Ante, p. 2290.

Proclamation.

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2310 CONVENTION-NEUTRALS IN WAR ON LAND. OCT. 18.1907.

Oct ber 18, 1907. Convention between the United States and other powers respecting theriqhts and duties of neutral Powers and persons in case of war onland. Signed at the .[ague October 18, 1907; ratification advised%, the Senate if are 10, 1908; ratifed by the President of the United

tates February 23, 1909; ratification deposited with the NetherlandsGovernmnent _November 27, 1909; proclaimed February 28, 1910.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A PROCLAMATION.

Neutrals in war on Whereas a Convention res pecting the rights and duties of neutralland.Preamble. powers and persons in case of war on land was concluded and signed

at The Hague on October 18, 1907, by the respective Plenipoten-tiaries of the United States of America, Germany, the ArgentineRepublic, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria,Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Spain, France, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Italy,Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Montenegro, Norway, Panama, Para-guay, the Netherlands, Peru, Persia, Portugal, Roumania, Russia,Salvador, Servia, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay, andVenezuela, the original of which Convention, being in the Frenchlanguage, is word for word as follows:

[Translation.]

CONVENTION

CONCERNANT LES DROITS ET LESDEVOIRS DES PUISSANCES ET DESPERSONNES NEUTRES EN GAS DEGUERRE SUR TERRE.

SA MAJE STR L'EMPEREURD'ALLEMAGNE, ROI DEPRUSSE; LE PRtSIDENTDES ItTATS-UNIS D'AMl@RI-QUE; LE PRtSIDENT DELA REPUBLIQUE ARGEN-TINE; SA MAJESTE L'EM-PEREUR D'AUTRICHE, ROIDE BOHIkME ETC., ET ROIAPOSTOLIQUE DE HON-GRIE; SA MAJESTR LE ROIDES BELGES; LE PRinSI-DENT DE LA R!-PUBLIQUEDE BOLIVIE; LE PRESIDENTDE LA REPUBLIQUE DESETATS-UNIS DU BRESIL;SON ALTESSE ROYALE LE

CONVENTION

RESPECTING THE RIGHTS ANDDUTIES OF NEUTRAL POWERSAND PERSONS IN CASE OF WARON LAND.

His- Majesty the German Em-peror, Kingof Prussia; the Presi-dent of the United States ofAmerica; the President of theArgentine Republic; His Majestythe Emperor of Austria, King ofBohemia, &c., and ApostolicKing of Hungary; His Majestythe King of the Belgians; thePresident of the Republic ofBolivia; the President of the Re-public of the United States of

razil; His Royal Highness thePrince of Bulgaria; the Presidentof the Repullic of Chile; thePresident of the Republic ofColombia; the Provisional Gov-

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