1 1. SIM2CO+ Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills S. Espié, S. Aupetit, 2012 A collaborative work sponsored by the

1

1. SIM2CO+

Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills

S. Espié, S. Aupetit, 2012

A collaborative work sponsored by the French Research Agency (ANR) and the French Competitiveness Cluster (MOV'EO)

2

1. Rationale of SIM2CO+

Bad figures for the novices accidentality (bimodal histrogram: novices and returning)

20% of accidents in France involved a less than a year licensed rider (ONISR, 2009)

62% of accidents in Paris involved a less than a year licensed rider (ODP, 2005)

A 3 years ergonomic study of motorcycle training in France (PhD, Aupetit S.)

2 past experiences in Naturalistic Riding Study (7th FP 2BESAFE & French ANR DAMOTO)

The design of a reversible instrumentation (to be used on the riders own motorcycle)

3

2. the French licensing system

• Motorcycle license A• After 18 years old• All kinds of motorcycles (restriction between 18 & 21

years old)• Tests on track and on road

• Motorcycle pre test training• In motorcycle schools

Riding after licensing

Test on

road

Test on

road

Training on road

Test on

track

Test on

track

Training on track

At least 12hAt least 8h

5

3. Results of the study (summary)

The over concentration on motorbike control

Initial training focuses on track training

Track training mainly tests manoeuvrabilityInstructors’ concerns focus on manoeuvrabilityProblem: real traffic situations mainly mobilize hazard

perceptual skills




perceptual skills




perceptual skills




perceptual skills

Track training

Road training All the training

Mandatory curriculum 8 hours 12 hours 20 hours

Real curriculum 19 hours 6 hours 30 hours

Hazard perceptual skills are undervalued in training conditions

85% of the trainers’ interventions concern route directions

Trainers avoid complex environment such as city center

3. Results of the study (summary)

Riders’ itinerary

Downtown

4. SIM2CO+ aims

Based on

MAIDS (2003): “the most frequent errors of riders responsible for an accident are poor perception of danger (36.6%) and poor traffic analysis (27.7%)”

Haworth and al. (2000); Aupetit (2011): “these skills are not sufficiently present in educational context”

The main objective of the SIM2CO+ project is:

to design and validate training modules for hazard perception skills of motorcycle riding,

on simulation tools.

5. Contents of the SIM2CO+ project

9

5. Approach

Novices M/F Age Context Monitoring Kms

Novice 1 M 33 Paris region 11 weeks 3 680 kms



Novice 4 M 29 Paris region 8 weeks 300 kms

Novice 5 F 26 Provincial 12 weeks 2 300 kms


TOTAL 64 weeks 14 430 kms

Trainees M/F Mean Age Context Monitoring Kms

12 / School 1 11M/1F 26 Paris region 8 weeks 720 kms

8 / School 2 6M/2F 24 Provincial 10 weeks 480 kms

TOTAL 18 weeks 1 200 kms

NRS monitoring

16 000 kms /

80 weeks

10

6. Data collection

Diaries Identification of the risky situations according to the rider One diary per week of experiment Significant work to explain the type of situations to be included

400 risky situations

identified

11

6. Data collection

Camera instrumentationRight camera

Data logger set in the top case

Rider face camera

Forward camera

Left camera

140 hours of video

recordings

Instrumented motorbike

12

3. Data collection

Sensor instrumentation

Turn signal

Brake signal

3 axes accelometers/ gyrometersAccelerations/rotations

Incremental sensorSteering angle

Speed sensorWheels turn

Data logger set under the top case

GPS systemPTW Localisation

270 hours of data

recordings

13

6. Data collection

Interviews(1) Description of the situations reported in the diary(2) Self-confrontation interview based on videos

Footage of past riding activity

Researcher

Rider

Remote control. Used by the researcher and the rider to stop or wind back the video

Face and gesture of the rider during the interview

35 hours of interview

14

7. Data processing

Processing tables combining the collected data A 400 pages document

15

8. Example of results

8.1 Characterization of the risky situations

48% during a home-to-work trip 68% on usual routes 44% in built-up area 20% on highway 14% happened on a curve 11% on a roundabout 3% with a pillion 2% with other riders 7% during the night

Whole journey

Routes

Infrastructure

Social aspect

Weather conditions

16


8.2 Identification of rider’s weaknesses

Represent rider’s activity in “activity graph” Identify the typical shortcomings

e.g. Controlling the machine on a tight right-hand bend whiletrying to ascertain some information

17


8.3 Selection of scenarios Clustering risky situations thanks to rider’s shortcomings / context e.g. Failure to give the right of way by other user in an intersection

"A car did not stop at the mark. It stopped in the middle of the road, so I made an emergency brake! "

"I approached a car park when a car arrived from the right. I managed to avoid by the left side but I was afraid!"

"A car in the opposite lane turned left just in front of me. It crossed my path while I drove at 70km/h! The driver certainly did not see me!"

P

Rider

Driver

14 selected scenarios

after matching

accident analysis

9. Current status of the project

Task 1: identification of the typical accidents situations of novices from

literatureachieved

Task 2 :identification of the typical accidents situations of novices from NRS

achieved

19

10. Next steps of the project

Task 3, 5: Specification of the scenarios Virtual world (3D base) Interactions between road users

ongoing

Task 5: Creation of the educational content Turorial feed-backs Progressivity Sequence duration…

ongoing

Task 4: Design of the technical tools E-learning device (inspired by IRT, 2007) Low-cost simulator(s)

ongoing

Documents

1 1. SIM2CO+ Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills S. Espié, S. Aupetit, 2012 A collaborative work sponsored by the