1 1 Babar TM and © Nelvana David Hitlin DOE Review Caltech July 21, 2004

111

BabarTM and © Nelvana

David Hitlin

DOE ReviewCaltech

July 21, 2004

222


Towards a Super Towards a Super BB Factory Factory

The current B Factories PEP-II and KEKB have performed spectacularly

They can now produce >100fb-1/yearIt is reasonable to contemplate that by the end of the decade, both BABAR and Belle will have accumulated 500-1000 fb-1 (0.5-1 ab-1)

Is there a motivation to upgrade one or both of these projects to be able to increase the data sample to 10-50 ab-1?

Both PEP-II/ BABAR and KEKB/Belle have concluded that answer is Yes

It is as yet unclear whether this would result in a combined upgrade effort

This presentation will discuss the physics motivation for such a conclusion

333


Finding New Physics

We are all certain that there is New Physics beyond the Standard ModelFinding New Physics, and characterizing what is found, will be the main thrust of HEP activities in the next several decades

The LHC has a roleThe LC has a roleHigh intensity neutrino experiments have a roleNon-accelerator experiments have a roleHigh statistics experiments in flavor physics have a role

There is clear, specific motivation for obtaining a ~50 ab-1 data sampleThere is adequate sensitivity to isolate New Physics effectsFlavor experiments yield unique information not obtainable by other technique

The pattern of deviations from Standard Model predictions is diagnostic of the type of SUSY breaking

444


The expected mass scale in MSUGRA

555


BABAR and Belle have shown that the Standard Model CKM phase can account for the CP-violating asymmetry measured in b ccs decays

The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry remains a mystery

A successful quantitative application of the Sakharov conditions requires CPV sources beyond the Standard Model

There are two approaches to an answerStipulate that the asymmetry is produced by leptogenesis – this is intriguing, speculative and hard to explore experimentally

The main thrust

Search for new CP-violating phases in the quark sectorIf SUSY is the New Physics, we know exactly where to look:

and decays

It is intriguing that this is exactly where there are current experimental anomalies in B decay

What does it take to explore this sector at a level where we can make statistically significant measurements that would unambiguously indicate the presence of New Physics ?

b sss®b uud®

_

666


New CP Violating effects must be there

CP effects in the flavor sector that are not accounted for by the CKM phase must exist, and may be measurable at a Super B Factory

If they do not exist, SUSY and other models constructed with the same motivation will be ruled out, or strongly constrained

Assume that evidence for SUSY is found at the LHC or NLCA new world will open: we will be asking different experimental questionsWhat will we actually know?

The masses of some of the SUSY partners: gluino, squark, ……..Something about coupling constantsPerhaps the identity of the LSPWhen the evidence for SUSY comes from LHC, it will be important to study CPV due to loop effects of the new particles in flavor physics at the scale of 1010 to 1011 B decays

Many of the interesting branching fractions are very smallMany measurements depend on the “recoil method” – unique to e+e- B Factories - to reduce background or get a kinematic handle on decays with missing neutrinos

777


Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in B physics

Little Higgs wMFV UV fix

Extra dim wSM on brane

SupersoftSUSY breakingDirac gauginos

SM-like B physics New Physics in B data

MSSMMFV

low tan

Generic Little Higgs

Generic extra dim w SM in bulk

SUSY GUTs

Effective SUSY

MSSMMFV

large tan

after G. Hiller

888


Effects of SUSY breaking on CPV in flavor physics

Specific SUSY-breaking models produce specific CPV patterns Many of the models on the market generate specific, calculable CP-violating effects in hadronic and rare B decaysOther extensions (extra dimensions, Little Higgs,….) have the same sorts of effects, although they often have distinguishable patternsIn order to exploit CP violation as a tool to search for physics beyond the Standard Model we must do two things:

Achieve the highest meaningful precision on CPV () measurements of the B unitarity triangle

This requires several x 10 ab-1

Measure and CP-violating (and sometimes CP-conserving) asymmetries and kinematic distributions in very rare decays with branching fractions of <<10-5, both inclusive and exclusiveThese are decay modes such as where we have at present only a handful of events

0B K + -®

999


Randall-Sundrum Standard Model

Warped extra dimensions yield striking signatures in B decay

SM 1 (1)Bsm O

SMBsm(1)O

2c

sin 2 (0.2) O

( )b s B

(1)O

(1)O

sin 2

SMB

2(sin 2 , )sc

b

m

m

2(sin 2 , )dc

b

m

m

Bsm

d SS B K

( )sS B yf®

( )*, ,d sS B K f g®

SM 1 (1)B O

( )*, ,d sS B Kr g®

Agashe, Perez, Soni hep-ph/0406101

101010


-1 .5

-1

-0 .5

0

0 .5

1

1 .5

-1 0 1 2

|V /V |u b cb

| | K

1 m s

m d

m d

s in 2

s in 2

Improve calculations of |Vub|, |Vcb|,

Lattice

Improving precision of the B Unitarity Triangle

Measure sides and angles of the Unitarity Triangle to best possible precision

Improve measurements of |Vub| and |Vcb|essentially independent of new physicsSuper B Factory using the recoil technique

Measure ms

Hadron machine

Improve measurement of md

Super B Factory

Measure sin2Super B Factory using 00

Measure sin2eff

Super B FactoryHadron machine

Measure Super B FactoryHadron machine

Measure sin2Super B FactoryHadron machine

Test to ~5%

ˆ ,KB ˆ ˆ/s s d d

B B B BB f B fx=

111111


Projected uncertainties in lattice QCD calculations are a good match to projected measurement uncertainties

Lattice uncertainty projections – R. Sugar (LQCDEC)

Lattice QCD Uncertainty (%)

Quantity Now 1-2 years 5-8 years3-5 years

121212


Measurement precision of a Super B Factory experiment

The following tables summarize the precision that can be achieved at a Super B factory experiment with data samples of 3, 10 and 50 ab-1 in several areas:

Unitarity triangle measurementsSidesAngles

CP asymmetries in rare decaysRare decay branching fractions Kinematic distributions in rare decays

The tables include estimates of The size of New Physics effectsThe precision of Standard Model predictions

Comparisons with hadronic accelerator B experiments (LHCb, BTeV)

Key

no published difficult or impossible estimate at a hadron experiment

131313


Measurement precision – sides of the Unitarity Triangle

Unitarity Triangle - Sides e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision

Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV

Vub (inclusive) syst =5-6% 2% 1.3%

Vub (exclusive) () syst=3% 5.5% 3.2%

Vcb (inclusive)

Vcb (exclusive)

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-6 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6

Vtd /Vts ( Theory 12% ~3% ~1%

141414


Measurement precision – angles of the Unitarity Triangle

Unitarity Triangle - Angles e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision

Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV

SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1

() (Isospin, Dalitz) (syst 3) 3, 2.3 1.6, 1.3 1, 0.6 2.5 -5 4

() (penguin, isospin) (stat+syst) 2.9 1.5 0.72

(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.6 0.34 0.18 0.57 0.49

(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13

(all methods) 1.2-2

Theory: ~5%, ~ 1% ~0.1%

151515


A projection to 2010 by the CKM Fitter group

161616


The Unitarity Triangle – is there room for New Physics?

The usual Unitarity Triangle (B triangle) is only one of six such relationsIt has been the most extensively studied because it is the most sensitive to Standard Model CP violationIt may be sensitive to new physics that violates CKM unitarity, since it can be studied with the highest experimental (and theoretical) precision

The B UT is sensitive to bd and sd transitions, but not particularly to bsThese processes are used precisely because they are the cleanest in the Standard Model, so it is difficult for New Physics to compete with them

Thus increases in experimental precision of the B UT, which are certainly warranted, especially in view of expected improvements in the precision of lattice QCD calculations, are not the most likely to be the most direct approach to study new flavor physics

171717


A better probe of new physics

1) Measure the CP asymmetry in modes other than that measure sin2 in the Standard Model

Precision of benchmark sin2 in can improve to the ~1% levelExpect the same value for “sin2 ” in “but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetriesA great deal of luminosity is required to make these measurements to meaningful precision

0 0/ SB J Ky®

, ,b ccs b ccd b sss® ® ®

0 0/ SB J Ky®

* *2

* *( 1) itb td cb cs

treetb td cb cs

q A V V V Ve

p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -

* *2

* *( 1) itb td tb ts

penguintb td tb ts

q A V V V Ve

p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -

0 0SB Kf®

0 0/ SB J Ky®

181818


Gluino contribution to BKS

191919


Mass insertion approximation: model-independent

KS BABAR (now)

KS 30 ab-1

The scale of New Physics

Ciuchini, Franco, Martinelli, Masiero, & Silvestrini

23 mass insertion13 mass insertion

ACP (J/ KS-0KS) ACP (J/ KS-KS)

202020


Measurement precision – rare B decays

Rare Decays – New Physics – CPV e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision

Measurement Goal* 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV

S(B0KS) Difference

between S in these modes and

S(B0JKS)

is < ~5%

16% 8.7% 3.9% 16y ?? 7y ??

S(B0KS+KL) - -

S(B'Ks )5.7% 3% 1% - -

S(BKs) 8.2% 5% 4% - -

S(BKs) 11% 6% 4% - -

ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 1% 0.5% 0.5% - -

ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% - -

CPV in mixing (|q/p|) <0.6% - -

212121


Measurement precision – rare decays

Rare Decays – New Physics e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision


19% 12% 5% - -

BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10% 5.6% 2.5% - -

Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)

1 exclusive mode

~4x10-6

>1(per mode)

>2(per mode)

>4(per mode)

- -

Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -

Bd ) ~ 8x10-11 <3x10-8 <1.6x10-8 <7x10-9 1-2evt 1-2evt

Bd ) ~ 1x10-8 <10-3 (10-4) - -

) <10-8 - -

( )/ ~

( )td ts

b dV V

b s

BB

222222


Measurement precision - s+-

New Physics – K+-, s+- e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision


(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%

ACP(BK* +-) (all) (high mass)

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5

~3%

~1.5%

~3%

~2%

~4%

AFB(BK*+-) : s0

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP

~20% ~9% 9% ~12%

AFB(Bs+-) : ŝ0

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10

~27%36-55%

~15%20-30%

~7%9-13%

232323


Physics summary

A Super B Factory can provide a wide variety of measurements having the potential to show New Physics effects

It can demonstrate that there are effects in rare B decays that cannot be accounted for in the Standard ModelThrough a series of measurements in different processes, and through an interplay with the LHC and LC, we can learn the details of the New Physics in the flavor sector

Bd unitarity

ms

ACP

BKs

B Ms indirect CP

bs direct CP

mSUGRA closed small small small small small

SU(5) SUSY GUT + R (degenerate)

closed large small small small small

SU(5) SUSY GUT + R (non-degenerate)

closed small large large large small

U(2) Flavor symmetry large large large large large sizable

Unitarity triangle

Rare decays

Okada – SLAC 1036 Workshop

If the New Physics is SUSY, Super B can determine the type of SUSY-breaking from the pattern of effects

242424


Projecting Physics ReachProjecting Physics Reach

Working assumptionsLHCb starts in January 2008 with 50% of design for 2 years, achieving design in January 2010

BTEV starts in January 2010 with 50% of design for 2 years.achieving design in January 2012

Super B Factory

October 2011 = 2.5x1035 (50% of design) (as with PEP-II)October 2012 = 5x1035

October 2013 = 7x1035 (replacement of inner SVT by thin pixel device and complete installation of 952MHz RF)

252525


0.00E+00

1.00E+03

2.00E+03

3.00E+03

4.00E+03

5.00E+03

6.00E+03

7.00E+03

8.00E+03

9.00E+03

1.00E+04

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

Tagged sample projections for K0Eff

ecti

ve n

um

ber

of

tag

ged

even

ts

SuperBLHCbBTEV

262626


0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.20Ja

n-03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

Error Projections for K0Err

or

on

sin

e a

mp

litu

de

PEP-II, KEKB

Super B Factory 10/2011

SuperBLHCbBTEV

272727


0.00E+00

1.00E+03

2.00E+03

3.00E+03

4.00E+03

5.00E+03

6.00E+03

7.00E+03

8.00E+03

9.00E+03

1.00E+04

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.20

Projections for

(S) int

Eff

ecti

ve n

um

ber

of

tag

ged

even

ts

Err

or

on

sin

e a

mp

litu

de

PEP-II, KEKB Super B Factory 10/2011

SuperBLHCbBTEV

282828


0.00E+00

5.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.50E+03

2.00E+03

2.50E+03

3.00E+03

3.50E+03

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Projections for two-body isospin analysisEff

ecti

ve n

um

ber

of

tag

ged

even

ts

Err

or

on

delt

a [

deg

rees]

SuperB


292929


0.00E+00

1.00E+03

2.00E+03

3.00E+03

4.00E+03

5.00E+03

6.00E+03

7.00E+03

8.00E+03

9.00E+03

1.00E+04

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.20

Projections for +-Eff

ecti

ve n

um

ber

of

tag

ged

even

ts

Err

or

on

sin

e a

mp

litu

de


SuperB

303030


0.00E+00

1.00E+03

2.00E+03

3.00E+03

4.00E+03

5.00E+03

6.00E+03

7.00E+03

8.00E+03

9.00E+03

1.00E+04

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

Jul-0

9

Jan-

10

Jul-1

0

Jan-

11

Jul-1

1

Jan-

12

Jul-1

2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Jul-1

4

Jan-

15

Jul-1

5

Jan-

16

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.20

Projections for K*Eff

ecti

ve n

um

ber

of

tag

ged

even

ts

Err

or

on

sin

e a

mp

litu

de


SuperB

313131


Conclusions

Prospects of a Super B Factory initiative rest on its discovery potentialThis potential has generated much interest – SLAC Workshops in May & Oct 03

At a 10 ab-1/year machine, B Unitarity Triangle-related measurements will be brought to exquisite precision

There may yet be new physics effects in the classical UT. Theory errors will be reduced, motivating improved measurements

At 10-50 ab-1, there is interesting sensitivity to New Physics effect in CPV, rare decays BR’s and kinematic distributions

In many cases, SM predictions are sufficiently under control as to motivate these highly sensitive measurementsSUSY (meant generically) effects on B and physics are measurableThe pattern of New Physics effects in the flavor sector is diagnostic of the type of SUSY-breakingThe prize is new sources of CP violation

The Bottom Line: Can SUSY CPV account for the matter-antimatter asymmetry? In some SUSY-breaking models, the answer is Yes.

323232


The Proceedings of the May/October 2003 Workshop will The Proceedings of the May/October 2003 Workshop will be ready by the end of Julybe ready by the end of July

333333


EXTRA SLIDESEXTRA SLIDES

343434


The “Snowmass Year” was defined in 1988, based on data from CESR/CLEO:

1 Snowmass Year = 107 s

The Snowmass Year factor is meant to account forThe difference between peak and average luminosityAccelerator and detector uptimeDeadtime………………………..

PEP-II performance April 2003-April 2004 (Dec 03 Trickle LER, Feb 04 Trickle HER)

Given the excellent performance of PEP-II/BABAR and KEK-B/Belle, and the advent of trickle injection, the modern B factory Snowmass Year constant is 1.4 x 107

Thus PEAK = 1036cm-2s-1 is not required to integrate 10 ab-1/year ; it can be done with 7 x 1035cm-2s-1

The New Snowmass Year

2 1PEAK

1Year

(cm s ) SnowmassYear (s)dt - -= ´ò e eL L

353535






Vcb (inclusive)

Vcb (exclusive)

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-6 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6



Grinstein and Pirjol

363636






Vcb (inclusive)

Vcb (exclusive)

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-6 15%

fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6



373737




SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1 - -



(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.3 0.17 0.09 0.57 0.49

(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13

(all methods) 1.2-2


(radians)(radians)

dt = 2 ab-1 dt = 10 ab-1

383838




SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1 - -



(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.3 0.17 0.09 0.57 0.49

(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13

(all methods) 1.2-2


393939




S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??

S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -

S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -

ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -

ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -


Measurement precision - rare B decays

02

00( ) |1 | 0.79 0.07( )

S EW

S

B K PR PB Kpp-

G ®= @ - = ±G ®Theoretical valueof the ratio

is significantly smaller thanin the data: R00

exp =1.18 0.17 (2.1R00exp =1.18 0.17 (2.1

= +0.1 in SM

404040




S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??

S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -

S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -

ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -

ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -



414141




S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??

S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -

S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -

S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -

ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -

ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -



424242




bd / (bs - -

BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5% - -

Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)

1 exclusive mode: ~4x10-6

~3 - -

Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -

Bd ) - - 1-2 1-2

Bd ) - - - -

) <10-8 - -


Masiero, Vempati, Vives

434343




bd / (bs - -

BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5% - -

Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)

1 exclusive mode: ~4x10-6

~3 - -

Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -

Bd ) - - 1-2 1-2

Bd ) - - - -

) <10-8 - -


Belle

444444




(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%

ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5

~3%

~1.5%

~3%

~2%

~4%

AFB(BK*l+l-) : s0

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP

~20% ~9% 9% ~12%

AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10

~27%36-55%

~15%20-30%

~7%9-13%


Hiller and Krüger

454545




(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%

ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5

~3%

~1.5%

~3%

~2%

~4%

AFB(BK*+-) : s0

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP

~20% ~9% 9% ~12%

AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10

~27%36-55%

~15%20-30%

~7%9-13%


Documents

1 1 Babar TM and © Nelvana David Hitlin DOE Review Caltech July 21, 2004