09 Implementing the Network

8/12/2019 09 Implementing the Network

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Revision no.: PPT/2K605/03

Implementingthe Network


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Crimping an RJ-45 Plug


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Crimping an RJ-45 Plug (contd.)

Cut a piece of cable of the appropriate length.

Strip off no more than about 3/4 (about 2 cm) of the outer

cable sheathing to expose the twisted wire pairs.

Untwist the pairs about 1/2 (about 1.2 cm).

Using the following diagram, arrange the colored wires into

the correct order. Verify that the wires have been inserted in the correct

order. Using an RJ-45 crimping tool, crimp the wires intothe RJ-45 connector.

Verify that the wires were pierced and that the cable sheathis underneath the bridge.


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Choosing the Correct Board


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Choosing the Correct Board (contd.)

The first step in installing a network board is choosing thecorrect type.Choosing the right board can be confusing.

Vendors offer network boards with literally hundreds ofoptions in every possible combination.

Select a network board based on two factors:

PC bus or architecture

Network topology


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Choosing the Correct Board (contd.)

Six types of buses are commonly used in IBM-compatiblecomputers:

ISA

MCA

EISA

VLB PCI

PCMCIA (PC-Card)


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ISA Boards


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ISA

The Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, derived fromthe IBM AT bus and widely used in PCs, is a 16-bit bus

operating at 8-10 MHz. Machines of the XT TM type use 8-bit data transfer through

62-line slot connectors. The AT type uses 16-bit datatransfer slots. More connector pins are accommodated by

an additional bank of line slot connectors called slotextension connectors.

The 16-bit slots are generally downward compatible with 8-bit boards; 8-bit boards in 16-bit slots do not use theextension.


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MCA Board


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MCA

The introduction of 32-bit processors, such as the 386DX,

pushed the limits of the 16-bit ISA bus. Instead of further

expanding the ISA bus, IBM designed and built an entirely

new bus. The result was the introduction of the 32-bit, 20

MHz Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) in

1987. MCA machines can have both 16-bit (short) and 32-

bit (long) slots. As with ISA, the longer slots consist of thebasic slot plus a slot extension connector.


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EISA Board

R i i PPT/2K60 /03


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EISA

The Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) was

developed primarily by Compaq as a response to IBMs

MCA bus. An EISA bus uses a 32-bit slot and operates at 8-

10 MHz. EISA boards are 5 inches high:

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VLB Board

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VESA Local Bus (VLB)

The VESA Local Bus (VLB) architecture, introduced in 1992,

was designed by the Video Electronics Standards

Association (VESA) VLB uses a 32-bit bus, but raises the

speed limit to the theoretical speed of 66 MHz. VLB is

implemented by adding a second slot extension connector

that is wired directly to the CPU. VLB slots are compatible

with both 8-bit and 16-bit ISA boards.

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PCI Board



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PCI

Introduced in 1992 by Intel , the Peripheral Component

Interconnect (PCI) bus has become the standard for high-

end systems. It uses a 32-bit bus operating at 33 MHz. PCI

places the network and disk boards on separate buses for

improved throughput.

The PCI standard supports 10 devices and 32-bit bus

mastering, which permits the board to relieve the CPU of

some of the processing load.



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PCMCIA Card



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PCMCIA

The Personal Computer Memory Card International

Association (PCMCIA) standard, also known as the PC-

Card, is a completely different PC architecture.

The electronics are packaged in a credit-card sized board.

This is particularly useful for notebook and sub-notebook

computing.



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Example of a Jumper



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Jumper

Jumper pins stick out from the circuit board (see the

following figure). Several sets of these pins, eachrepresenting one circuit, are often lined up in parallel rows.

The jumper (or shunt) itself is a tiny metal clip that is

usually covered with plastic. The clip fits over both pins to

complete the circuit.

Jumpers can go bad. If a jumper is defective, it will not

complete the circuit even when it is properly installed over

the two pins.



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Example of a DIP Switch



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DIP

DIP (DIPolar or Dual In-line Package) switches are often

organized in banks of two, four, or more. They are physical

switches, each of which resembles a very small light switch

or a rocker switch.



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Software Configuration Utility



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Software Configuration Utility (contd.)

Software-configurable ISA and VLB boards, such as the

Intel EtherExpress TM line of network boards, use

nonvolatile memory for storing configuration information.

Most boards of this type use an electrically erasable,

programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) chip on the

board. This chip saves the boards I/O, IRQ, and DMA

settings when the computer is turned off.



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Hard Disk Components



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Hard Disk

The hard disk provides data storage and data retrieval. It

must complete these tasks with total reliability, at thehighest possible speed, and at a reasonable cost.

Integrated Device Electronics (IDE)

The controller hardware of an IDE disk is placed on the disk

itself for improved performance. IDE uses RLL encoding.

IDE cannot support CDs or drives larger than 528 MB.



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Sample Setup with Internal SCSI Disks



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Sample Setup with Internal SCSI Disks (contd.)

Both ends of the SCSI bus must be terminated. Some

newer SCSI disk/controller combinations work together to

provide active termination.

The exact placement of the terminating resistors is different

for internal and external disk configurations. With an HBA

and multiple internal SCSI disks, termination should be

placed on the HBA and on the last disk of the chain.



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Cabinet



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Nopartofthismaterialmaybereproduced,storedoremailedwithoutthepriorpermission. Sample Setup with SCSI Disks in an External

Cabinet (contd.)

If you have disks in an external cabinet, remove the

termination from the disks and terminate the cabinet

externally.

This method eliminates the need to remember which disk

was terminated when you later add disks to the same

cabinet.



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Disks



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Disks (contd.)

When you use both internal and external ports on an HBA,

you must terminate both ends of the SCSI bus, usually at

the disks themselves, unless an external cabinet is used.



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Typical IDE Configuration



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Typical IDE Configuration (contd.)

Configure the disk as single drive only when you are

installing only one IDE disk. Configure the disk as master

when you are installing two IDE disks and this one is the

boot disk. Configure the disk as slave when you are

installing two IDE disks and this one is not the boot disk.

After configuring the disk, you can install it in the

computer.



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Partitioned Hard Disk



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Partitioned Hard Disk (contd.)

A typical use of disk space for a hard disk that contains a

DOS partition. The partition table is located at the

beginning of the disk. Other partitions (either for DOS or

for other operating systems) can be created below thepartition table.

On a workstation, a single partition typically encompasses

the entire disk, and no space is left for other partitions.

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09 Implementing the Network