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NOUNS
NOUNS
NOUN TYPES EXAMPLESCommon(cins) dog, man, table etc.Proper(zel)
France, Tom etc.Collective(topluluk) crowd, flock, group, team
etc.Compound (bileik) daughter-in-law, sister-in-law etc.Concrete
(somut isim) apple, desk, computer etc.Abstrct(sout isim) beaut,
knowledge, lo!e, courage etc.
!ender(cinsi"et) Msculine(eril) men, bos, and male animals
etc.
#eminine(dii) women, girls, female animals etc."
Neuter(cinsietsiz)things, plants, abstract names and animals
(when se# is notimportant or known)
MASCULINE-FEMININE (eril-dii)
$n% t&rden elere cinsietlerine gre farkl% isimler !ermek
hemen her dildegz&kmektedir. 'u ar%m zaman zaman ngilizcede
T&rk*edekinden farkl% olabilmektedir.
!enel $nsnlr A%rblr Evcil &"vnlr 'ier &"vnlrman womanbo
girlgroom bridewidower widow
father motherbrother sisteruncle auntnephew niece
bull cowcock hendog bitch
lion lionesstiger tigress
Function
simler u alt ileve sahiptirler.
Subect Tomis arri!ed.Complement o* lin% verb The actor is
Tom.'irect obect o* verb + saw Tom.+ndirect obect o* verb + ga!e
Tomthe book.Obect o* preposition + spoke to Tom.Possessive
Tom,sbook
Which is noun ?
$a%daki durumlardan biri !ea birka*% szkonusu ise kelimemiz bir
isimdira) eterminer !ea modifier alm%sa
b) /%fat taraf%ndan nitelenmisec) 0oul ised) /ahiplik durumlar%
sz konususae) 1repositiondan sonra gelmilersef) $a%daki eklerden
birine sahiplerse
1lkeler, gemiler ve zaman zaman dier aralar
feminineolmaktadrlar. France was very strong country. She occupied
nearly hal o !urope. (Fransa ok gl bir lkeydi.
Neredeyse Avrupann yarsn igal etmiti.)
"#
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-erb-ion, -tion, -ation misconception organization obsession
restoration repetition action
-ment go!ernment settlement amazement achie!ement
management-ance, -ence allowance e#perience insistence
acceptance-er, -or teacher doctor emperor singer swimmer actor
A
d
-ness weirdness sadness happiness selfishness ner!ousness
-it tenacit brutalit legalit acceptabilit
Noun-hood childhood brotherhood
-ac democrac theocrac-ism philistinism feminism-ist !iolinist
feminist
PLUAL-SIN!ULA (te"il-#o$ul)%
simlerin tekil ada *oul olmas%na gre yklemlerekil alaca%ndan !e
bunlar buhususietlerine gre determineralaca%ndan bunlar% bilmek nem
kazanmaktad%r.
") 'az% isimler basit*e sonlar%na .sgetirilerek *oul ap%l%r.
snake snakes ski skis 'arrmore 'arrmores 2zel, aile
ismi'arrmorelar3
4) /onu 5ch, 5#, 5s ile bitenler !ea sonu telafuzda s sesi
!erenler .eseklenerek *oulap%l%r.
witch witches bus buses bo# bo#es gas gases kiss kisses 6ones
6oneses 2zel, aile ismi6onesler3
7) /onu bir sessi/!e bir "ile biten isimlerin si ie
dn&t&r&l&p .eseklenir. $ncak bukural zel isimler
i*in ge*erli deildir.
bab babies realit realities gallergalleries lad ladies
ancak 8enned 8enneds
9) /onu -oile biten isimlerin baz%lar% .esbaz%lar% ise .salarak
*oul olmaktad%r.
potato potatoes hero heroesancak
memo memos cello cellosve o harfinden nce dier bir seslinin
geldii durumda
more than one stereo : stereos
;) /onu 0*!ea .*eile biten isimlerin 5f harfi .vharfine
dn&t&kten sonra .eseklenerek*oul ap%lmaktad%r. $ncak
istisnalar !ard%r.
knife kni!es leaf lea!es hoof hoo!es life li!es self sel!es
wharf whar!es (veyawharfs)
ancak dwarf dwarfs roof roofs
$%uralsz oullarn ala&etik &ir listesi, iin &kz.
'((!)*+
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unanca !e ?atinceden ge*mi baz% isimlerin *oullar% da bu
dillerden al%nm%t%r. $ncakdata !e media (as%l tekilleri datum !e
medium) *oul olmas%na ramen tekilmi gibimuamele grmektedir.
nucleus : nuclei sllabus : sllabi criterion : criteria inde# :
indices (veyainde#es)
thesis : theses cactus : cacti (veyacactuses) crisis : crises
phenomenon : phenomena fungus : fungi appendi# : appendices
(veyaappendi#es)
@) 'irka* kelime *oulmu gibi gz&k&r ama tekildir.
The ne1sis bad. !"mnsticsis fun to watch.
Economics9Amt2emtics3Asttisticsis said to be difficult. Meslesis
not usuall a fatal disease. (Kzamk genellikle lmcl bir hastalk
deildir.)
B) 'az% isimler her zaman *ouldur !e tekili oktur. Tekil olan
bi*imlerinin anlamlar%deiiktir.
Stirs(merdi!en) svin4s(birikim)
4oods(malAea)Premises(m&lkietAieri) mens(!as%taAmali g&*)
rms(silahlar)T2n%s(minnettarl%k) 5urters(muhitAkou)
surroundin4s(*e!re)
The children ran up the stirs. (ocuklar merdiven(ler)den yukar
kt.) Cow man stairs are there up to the second floorD (kinci kata
kadar ka basamak var!) Ce put all his svin4sinto buing a boat. ("m
birikim(ler)ini bir bot satn almna yatrd) 'u three and make a
svin4of ;;p. (# tane al ve $$ %enilik bir tasarru& ya%)
"E) 'az% isimler *oulken de tekilken de 5s tak%s% al%r.
The firms 2ed5urtersisAare in ?ondon. ('irmann ynetim merkezi
ondradadr)
+f m mt2sisAare right, the answer is "94.G (*er hesa%lama(lar)m
doru ise ceva% +,-.)"") Topluluk isimleri (collective nouns)
normalde tekil, ancak topluluun fertleri ar% ar%kastedildiinde *oul
&klem al%r.
udience(dinleiciler)bnd(m&zik
grubu)clss(s%n%f)committee(komite)cro1d(seirci
kalabal%k)*irm(firma)4overnment(h&k&met)
*mil"(aile)*loc%(s&r&)4roup(grup)2ep(iin)2erd(s&r&)
ur"(H&ri)compn"(irket)
%ind(t&r)lot(kura)2the3 number(tak%m,
adamlar)public(halk)st**(personel)cre1
(m&rettebatAkadro)tem(tak%m)
*/%%'0 oulu ve tekili ayn yazlan isimlerde y2klem kastedilenin
oul veya tekil olmasna g3re &elirlenir.45!conomics5 ekonomik
etkenler anlamndaysa oul olur6 50he economics o the situation
demand that . . . .5"78athematics9 hesaplama anlamnda kullanlrken
tekil:yada oul y2klem ala&ilir ;kz. 1
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NOUNS
>ur team is the &est. (Biim takm en byk) >ur team are
wearing white shorts. (Biim takm oyuun!ular beya ort giyiyor.)
"4) Iakamsal ifadeler *ounlukla tekildir. $ncak bir topluluk
ismini nitelemi !e topluluunteker teker birelerini kastediorsa *oul
olur.
Fift thousand dollars isa lot of mone. Jne-half of the facult
isretiring this summer.nc%
Jne-half of the facult 2vedoctorates. Fift percent of the
students 2ve!oted alread.
"7) 0ift par*al% %6"*et !ea %sesurlr ngilizcede *oul kabul
edilir. 'unlar% tekilkullanabilmek i*in pir o*ifadesi bu isimlerin
ba%na getirilir.
K pants are torn. Cer scissors 1erestolen. The glasses
2veslipped down his nose again.
$ pair of glasses isenough for me.
"9) 0oul bir isim bir eserin, ierinin !s. ad% ise ahut kelimenin
kendisi (terim)kastediliorsa tekil &klem al%r.
'acesisthe name of the new restaurant downtown. helmsley
/rothersisthe best mo!ing compan in town. 0ostcardsism fa!orite
no!el.
terim0%elime olr% 1kies2which most people regard as a
disparaging word, was first used to describe
the residents of Jklahoma during the "B7Es. The term 1kieswas
used to describe the residents of Jklahoma during the "B7Es.
";) 'ileik isimleri *oul apmak i*in aln%zca ikinci isimler *oul
ap%l%r. $ncak mn !e1omnile ap%lm% *oul isimlerde her iki taraf da
*oul olur.
'ofriends, tra!el agents, lad doctors Ken dri!ers, women
dri!ers
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NOUNS
UNCOUN&A'LE NOUNS (s*l+n isi+ler)
/a%lamaan isimler her zaman tekil &klem al%rlar, her
determiner (these2 those2 every2each2 either2!e neither gibi) ile
kullan%lmazlar.
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POSSESS+-E (S2ipli%)
") simler sahiplik durumunda bulunabilir !e bu insan !e
ha!anlarda 7stak%s% ile ap%l%r.
t2e 4irl,sname 1omn,shat t2e 2orse,stail.
NOTE 8 0oul olan isimlerin !e aile isimlerinin sonuna apostrof
(7) eklenir. $ncak s ile
biten isimler Qs almaa de!am ederler. t2ese 4irls,names t2ree
1omen,shats t1o 2orses,tails
9nc%9
Ar%nss:sformer go!ernor t2e Mrine Corps:spolic
NOTE ; 'u isimler bir relati!e clause ile niteleniorsa
o*prepositionlu sahiplik kullan%l%r.
the name o* t2e 4irlswho passed the last e#am
4) Mesneler, eler !e fikirler ise sahiplik durumlar%n%
o*prepositionu ile aparlar.
the name o* t2e boo% the owner o* t2e resturnt
NOTE 'u sahiplik durumlar% erine isim tamlamalar% kullanmak
m&mk&nd&r.
The book name the restaurant owner.
7) Tekilat isimleri i*in her iki ap% da
m&mk&nd&r.
t2e 4overnment,sdecision the decision o* 4overnment t2e
compn",ssuccess the success o* t2e compn"
9) Raman ifadeleri Ss tak%s% ile sahiplik kazan%r.
"esterd",snewspaper ne minutes,walk. +ts onl ten0minutewalk.
;) N ? prep ? Neklinde oluan bileik isimlerde sahiplik tak%s%
sona eklenir.
M" sister in l1,scar is on fire right now.
?$
